Objective:Exploring the relationship between diabetes mellitus targets and ACE2 of the receptor of novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) through a protein interaction network to provide new perspectives for clinical use.Methods:Diabetes mellitus targets were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Targets with a relevance score exceeding 10 were included, and ACE2 protein was manually added. The initial protein interaction network was obtained through String and then imported into Cytoscape 3.7.1. We selected the protein targets directly related to ACE2 as the target of the final analysis and imported them into String again in order to obtain the protein interaction network. Module identification, GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed respectively. The impact of ACE2 on the entire network was analyzed by scoring the module where it located.Results:19 ACE2-related proteins were finally selected from diabetes mellitus targets. Three functional modules were found through the cluster analysis. These modules involved G protein-coupled receptor binding, antioxidant activity, and insulin-like growth factor receptor binding. The main signal pathways involved were the renin angiotensin system signal pathway, the type 2 diabetes mellitus signal pathway, and the FOXA2 signal pathway. The scoring results showed that REN, AGT, INS, NOS3, IL6, and CRP scored the highest.Conclusions:ACE2 is widely associated with diabetes mellitus key proteins. COVID-19 may impact RAS of diabetes mellitus patients then induce serious complications. Clinical use of RAS inhibitors may reduce the impact of COVID-19 infection on diabetes mellitus patients.

Fenugreek is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine with great development prospects.At present,there are many modern reports on its components extraction,quality standards,processing technology and pharmacological effects.However,there is still a lack of research on sorting out and analyzing the relevant ancient records,and people's herbological cognition of fenugreek is still controversial and incomplete.In this study,through systematic review and analysis of ancient records,the names,original plant,processing methods and properties(including nature,flavor,meridian tropism,action,application,toxicity and contraindication)of fenugreek were comprehensively verified for the first time,which provided a herbological reference for further development,utilization and in-depth study of Fenugreek.It is found that fenugreek has several names such as Kudou,Luba,Huba and Jidou.Based on analyzing the descriptions and pictures of fenugreek original plant in ancient records,there is a strong likelihood that the ancient and modern medicinal fenugreek belong to the same species.In addition to the current common method of stir-frying with salt solution,the ancient books also recorded eight processing methods of fenugreek,such as stir-frying,steaming,baking,and calcining.According to the research of properties,it is found that fenugreek is warm-hot in nature,bitter,sweet,and pungent in flavor,and attributive to the kidney,stomach,liver and bladder meridians.In addition to the efficacy recorded in pharmacopoeia,this study also complemented fenugreek's actions of"improving hearing and eyesight,guiding fire to origin"and application of"fullness and discomfort in abdomen and hypochondrium".According to the textual research of toxicity and contraindication,fenugreek has been recorded as non-toxic in the past dynasties,but it should be used cautiously in the excess-heat syndrome,Yin deficiency syndrome,and pregnant women.

This paper summarized Professor ZHANG Farong's experience in the staged treatment of hyperthyroi-dism with triangular medicine. It is considered that "pathogenic heat consuming and damaging qi-yin" is the key pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism. In the early stage， liver constraint transforms into fire， and then pathogenic heat becomes exuberant inside， consuming qi and damaging yin. In the middle stage， the fire and heat are intense， and phlegm and stasis are binded， when qi and yin are initially depleted. In the late stage， both qi and yin are deficient， and as the disease lasts for a long time， the kidneys are affected， resulting in liver and kidney depletion. For treatment， it is suggested to put focus on rectifying healthy qi and dispelling pathogen， protecting qi and yin， and treating the disease by stages based on syndrome differentiation， and eight groups of triangular medicines have been summarized according to the characteristics of pathogenesis in different periods. In the early stage， the combination of Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）， Xiangfu （Rhizoma Cyperi） and Yujin （Radix Curcumae） is used to soothe the liver and resolve constraint， and the combination of Longdancao （Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae）， Huangqin （Radix Scutellariae） and Zhizi （Fructus Gardeniae） is recommended to clear liver and drain fire. In the middle stage， the combination of Xiakucao （Spica Prunellae）， Baihua Sheshecao （Herba Hedyotis Diffusae） and Banzhilian （Herba Scutellariae Barbatae） is used to clear heat and dissipate masses， and the combination of Huangyaozi （Rhizoma Dioscoreae bulbiferae）， Maozhuacao （Ranunculus Ternatus） and Shancigu （Asarum Sagittarioides） can dissolve phlegm and dissipate masses， and the combination of Danshen （Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae）， Xuanshen （Radix Scrophulariae） and Kushen （Radix Sophorae Flavescentis） can invigorate blood and eliminate goiter. In the late stage， the combination of Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis）， Baizhu （Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae） and Yiyiren （Semen Coicis） can fortify spleen and replenish qi， and the combination of Maidong （Radix Ophiopogonis）， Beishashen （Radix Glehniae） and Wuweizi （Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis） is used to nourish yin and calm heart， while the combination of Huangqi （Radix Astragali）， Huangjing （Rhizoma Polygonati） and Diyu （Radix Sanguisorbae） is used to nourish yin and replenish kidneys.

ObjectiveTo observe the curative effect of Lishui Xiaogu plaster combined with liver disease therapeutic apparatus on the treatment of refractory ascites due to hepatitis B cirrhosis. MethodA total of 120 cases of refractory ascites due to hepatitis B cirrhosis were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group， with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine and DSG-Ⅲ liver disease therapeutic apparatus， and the observation group was externally applied with Lishui Xiaogu plaster in the liver area and abdomen based on the control group. After 4 weeks of continuous treatment， the weight， abdominal circumference， 24-hour urine volume， the quantitative score of clinical symptoms， liver function， serum endothelin-1 （ET-1）， nitric oxide （NO）， and interferon-γ （IFN-γ） before and after treatment were observed in the patients of two groups. ResultAfter 4 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.72% （50/57）， higher than 67.9% （38/56） in the control group （P<0.05） （χ²=6.411， P<0.05）. The changes in abdominal circumference， body weight， and 24-hour urine volume in the two groups were better than those before treatment （P<0.05）. In terms of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） clinical symptom scores， there was no significant difference in the symptoms of appetite， fatigue， sleep， and yellowing of the body and eyes in the control group before and after treatment， and other indexes in the two groups were better than those before treatment （P<0.05）. The observation group was better than the control group in improving symptoms such as abdominal distension， hypochondriac pain， appetite， fatigue， and lower limb edema （P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference between the two groups in improving sleep and yellowing of the body and eyes. In the experiment， the total bilirubin （TBIL）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， albumin/globulin ratio （AGR）， ET-1， NO， and IFN-γ in the two groups were all better than those before treatment （P<0.05）. Except that there was no significant difference between the two groups of TBIL， other indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group （P<0.05）. In terms of portal vein hemodynamics， the portal vein diameter （D_PV）， the maximum blood flow velocity （V_max）， and portal vein blood flow （Q） in the two groups improved after treatment， and the D_PV， V_max， and Q in the observation group were better than those in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionExternal application of Lishui Xiaogu plaster combined with liver disease therapeutic apparatus significantly improves the effective rate of refractory ascites due to hepatitis B cirrhosis， and its mechanism is presumedly related to the decreasing of serum NO and ET-1 levels， the increasing of serum IFN-γ level， and the improvement of portal hemodynamics.