Objective To investigate the phonological characteristics of patients with functional speech problems. Methods Ninety patients with functional speech problems were classified by speech analysis. All types of speech problems were analyzed. Results The functional speech problems can be categorized as unaspiration, palatalization, lateralization, fronting of tongue, backing of tongue, plosion, omission of consonants, glottal stop, affrication and backing of tongue and nasalization. Backing of tongue and nasalization was only related to the consonant l, and the unaspiration was often related to such consonants as p, t, k, q, c, ch. Conclusion The functional speech problems were related to consonants. There was regularity with the involvement of the consonants in different types of functional speech problems.

Histone variants confer chromatin unique properties and also participate in the regulation of genetic expression through specific deposition and removal machineries. macroH2A1 is one of histone variants and has been found implicating in female X chromosome inactivation and transcriptional repression. However, recent marcoH2A1 has been reported to suppress tumor proliferation through regulating cellular senescence and metabolism under specific situations. The paper reviews the roles of macroH2A1 in tumorigenesis and the molecular me-chanisms in regulating genetic expression based on current research progress.

Objective: To investigate the regulation effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the growth of human lens endothelial cells (LECs) and related mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In the part of in vivo study, 82 eyes of 82 patients with age-related cataract were included to collect the central lens anterior capsule (diameter at 5.0-5.5 mm) with the informed consent of surgery for patients. The selected specimens were divided into the LECs low density group and high density group with 20 specimens for each group based on hematoxylin and eosin staining results. The relative expression level of PEDF mRNA in LECs was detected by reverse transcription PCR. In the part of in vitro study, LEC line (HLE-B3) was cultured and 50 ng/mL PEDF was added in media for 72 h in PEDF culture group, while normally cultured cells were used as the control group. The percentage of LECs at G

Background: Colonoscopy is an important approach for the screening of colorectal cancer, however, the quality of colonoscopy is affected by a series of factors such as withdrawal time and bowel cleanliness. It is recommended that colonoscopy withdrawal time should not be less than 6 minutes. Aims: To study the relationship between withdrawal time of colonoscopy and the detection rate of colorectal polyps, which is considered as an important quality indicator for colonoscopy. Methods: A total of 2 924 cases of patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Southern Division of Shanghai Renji Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Colonoscopies were performed by two experienced senior endoscopists. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of colorectal polyps. The gender, age, cecal insertion time, depth of insertion and withdrawal time were recorded and compared between the two groups. The influential factors for detection of colorectal polyps were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: Of the 2 924 cases, 1 105 (37.8%) found polyps under colonoscopy. There were significant differences in gender and cecal insertion time between the two groups (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR=3.175, 95% CI: 1.596-6.317, P=0.001) and withdrawal time ≥ 5 min (OR=4.945, 95% CI: 2.037-12.005, P<0.001) were associated with detection of colorectal polyps. Conclusions: For experienced senior endoscopists, the risk-benefit balance might be achieved by controlling the colonoscopy withdrawal time within 5-6 minutes.

This paper introduces the background, the content, the information management system of material supply chain integration management and the consumables management process. The system helps to expand the selection of hospital supplies varieties, to reduce consumables management costs, to improve the efficiency of supplies, to ensure supplies safety, reliability and traceability.
Disposable Equipment ; supply & distribution ; Management Information Systems ; Materials Management, Hospital ; organization & administration

This paper analyzes emergency medical devices, and puts forward the types of risk management mode, risk analysis, risk assessment (including the risk score calculation), and risk control points. Emergency medical equipment which has the high risk and is directly related to the patient's life safety, should be taken seriously.
Emergency Medicine ; instrumentation ; Equipment Safety ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Management ; Safety Management ; organization & administration

BACKGROUND: Vitrification-based cryopreservation is a promising cryopreservation method, which can change the state of the biological materials by using high concentration vitrification reagent to realize active preservation. OBJECTIVE: To review the biological principle of vitrification-based cryopreservation, the classification of cryopreservation reagents, as well as the cryopreservation of ovary skin, cornea and other medical tissue specimens. METHODS: PubMed and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles published from January 1994 through October 2019. Search terms were “tissue; vitrification; cryopreservation” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 articles were finally included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The process of vitrification-based cryopreservation can avoid ice crystallization by which the cells are damaged, and effectively preserve the cell’s biological activity and basic functions. Vitrified cryopreservation reagents can be divided into permeable and non-permeable reagents. Their operation is simple and efficient. The only disadvantage is that the high concentration of cryopreservation reagents can cause some toxic injuries to the cells. To reduce the risk of overall tissue damage, a variety of low-toxic cryopreservation reagents can be mixed and used. At present, vitrification-based cryopreservation technology has been successfully applied in a variety of cells. However, the technical problems in the cryopreservation of tissues have not been solved completely.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion of lymphoma cells, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism using high throughput omics technology. Methods: The human lymphoma cell lines (Jurkat, SU-DHL-4, and Raji) were treated with different concentrations of Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction. The proliferation inhibitory rate of lymphoma cells was detected by CCK-8 method. The changes of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by FCM assay. The migration and invasion abilities of lymphoma cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay. The gene expression profiles were detected by PrimeView Human Gene Expression Array. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the classical signaling pathway. The expression levels of differentially expressed genes including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK 3CA), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NFKB 1), inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta (IKBKB), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl -2), Janus kinase 2 (JAK 2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results: After the treatment with different concentrations of Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction (5-25 mg/mL), the proliferation of Jurkat, SU-DHL-4 and Raji cells was significantly inhibited (all P < 0.01). After the treatment with 20 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction, the apoptosis rates of Jurkat and Raji cells were significantly increased (all P < 0.01). After the treatment with different concentrations of Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction (10, 15 and 20 mg/ mL) for 48 h, the cell cycle of Jurkat, SU-DHL-4 and Raji cells was arrested in G2/M phase (all P < 0.01). The migration and invasion activities of Jurkat and Raji cells were significantly suppressed by Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction (15 mg/mL) (all P < 0.01). According to the gene expression profiling data, 648 genes were up-regulated, and 1 022 genes were downregulated after Jurkat cells were treated with Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction for 48 h. Based on IPA pathway analysis, the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) signaling pathway and JAK/STAT signaling pathway were significantly blocked among the enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). The expression levels of PIK3CA, NFKB1, IKBKB, Bcl-2, JAK2 and STAT3 mRNAs were significantly down-regulated (P STAT3 < 0.05, P others < 0.01). Conclusion: Qi-Zhen-Gui-Pi decoction can regulate the biological behavior of lymphoma cell lines, and play an anti-lymphoma role through multiple genes and signaling pathways.

Objective: To detect the expression level of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG -1) in human bladder cancer cell lines, and to investigate the effects of down-regulation of AEG-1 expression on proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer T24 cells. Methods: The expression level of AEG-1 protein in normal bladder urinary epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 and bladder cancer cell lines RT4, J82, 5637 and T24 was detected by Western blotting and immuno?uorescence staining. The recombinant virus with specific shRNA targeting AEG -1 gene was infected into bladder cancer T24 cells with high-expression of endogenous AEG-1. The stable infected clones were screened by puromycin, and the silencing efficiency of AEG -1 gene was confirmed by Western blotting. Then the effects of AEG -1 gene-silencing on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined by CCK-8 method, wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay, respectively. Results: The expression levels of AEG-1 in 4 bladder cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in normal bladder urinary epithelial cell line (all P < 0.05). After infection AEG-1 shRNA with the recombinant virus carrying AEG-1 shRNA, the expression level of AEG-1 protein was effectively down-regulated in bladder cancer T24 cells (P < 0.05). As compared with the negative shRNA transfection group, the proliferation of T24 cells after AEG -1 genesilencing was obviously inhibited (P < 0.05), and the migration and invasion abilities of T24 cells after AEG -1 gene-silencing were significantly decreased (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Silencing AEG -1 gene expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells, which suggests that AEG-1 maybe paly a role in promoting the malignant biological behavior of bladder cancer cells.

Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors have been involved in multiple metabolic and pathophysiologic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and oxidative stress. More and more evidence has proved that FOXO transcription factor as a tumor suppressor acts an important role in occurrence and development of various tumors. Due to ovarian tumor's incidence of occult and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, it has a poor prognosis. Therefore, one of the hotpots of ovarian tumor research is to find the factors related to the occurrence and development of ovarian tumor and the drugs targeting these factors. The role of FOXO transcription factors in the occurrence, development and prognosis of ovarian tumor has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper reviews the advances in the role of FOXO in the occurrence, development and prognosis of ovarian tumor.