ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of titanium plate osteosynthesis in jaw bone fracture.Methods26 cases were treated with titanium plate, and the function of recovery were analyzed.ResultsAfter operation, the patients recovered in phase Ⅰ except one who was malocclusion, periodontium and temporomandibular were affected rarely. It did not limited mouth open; the time of functional recovery was very short.ConclusionThe effect of titanium rigid internal fixation shows well.

Objective:To explore a good method which might be used to reconstruct the nasal deformity after unilateral complete cleft lip has been repaired. Methods: After being folded into a small column, the conchal cartilage was transplanted into nasal columella to reconstruct the frame of the nasal columella so that the nasal tip was supported strongly. Then the bilateral columella cartilages were raised to its normal and symmetrical position and then sutured to the conchal cartilage column. After that, a "Z" plasty was made on the ridge of nasal mucosa under nostril on the side of the cleft. Results: A total of 44 cases were treated by the method above, and above 90% of cases were evaluated as satisfactory. Conclusion:It is a good method to reconstruct the nasal deformity by transplanting conchal cartilage into nasal columella.

Objective To investigate the phonological characteristics of patients with functional speech problems. Methods Ninety patients with functional speech problems were classified by speech analysis. All types of speech problems were analyzed. Results The functional speech problems can be categorized as unaspiration, palatalization, lateralization, fronting of tongue, backing of tongue, plosion, omission of consonants, glottal stop, affrication and backing of tongue and nasalization. Backing of tongue and nasalization was only related to the consonant l, and the unaspiration was often related to such consonants as p, t, k, q, c, ch. Conclusion The functional speech problems were related to consonants. There was regularity with the involvement of the consonants in different types of functional speech problems.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the phonological characteristics of glottal stop on the patients with speech disorders following cleft palate surgery or pharyngoplasty, and to determine the effects of a new method of speech training for glottal stop in chinese.

METHODSUsing the methods of listening judge and sound spectrograph in acoustic analyses to investigate the category and frequency of glottal stop on consonants in Chinese. A new method of speech therapy was used for 12 patients with glottal stop.

RESULTSThe frequency of glottal stop on the unaspirating affricates and unaspirating plosives were the highest in Chinese consonants. Secondly, the aspirating affricates and aspirating plosives, and then, the fricatives, but the nasal consonants were not effected by glottal stop completely. The score of articulations of the 12 patients whom trained through the methods increased from 32% to 85.5%.

CONCLUSIONSThe glottal stop is one of the main causes to impair the articulations of consonants and speech. The new methods of speech training for glottal stp are effective.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Glottis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Phonetics ; Speech Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Speech Therapy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective • To screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in the islet tissues of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) gene heterozygous knockout (Lpl+/-) mice and wild type (WT) mice, and explore the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mediated by lipotoxicity. Methods • The islets of Lpl+/- mice and WT mice were isolated and purified. DEGs were screened by gene microarray analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of DEGs were performed. The expressions of key genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results • A total of 187 DEGs were identified. GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in the biological processes such as immune cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory signaling pathways and cell adhesion. Among the top 10 DEGs screened from Lpl+- mice and WT mice, gremlin 1 (Grem1) gene was closely related to the function of islet β cells, while the result of qPCR was consistent with that of gene microarray analysis. Conclusion • Multiple signaling pathways are involved in the process of T2DM mediated by lipotoxicity, which may lead to the dysfunction of islet β cells by inhibiting Grem1 expression.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro.Methods Microparticle enzyme immunoassay, bDNA signal amplification assay was used for determining secreted HBsAg/HBeAg in the culture medium, HBV DNA from core particles in the cytoplasm and MTT colorimetric assay was used to assay the oxymatrine cytotoxity.Results The inhibitory rates of HBsAg and HBeAg were 40.57% and 48.27% by oxymatrine at the concentration of 2000*!μg/ml. At 100-2000*!μg/ml, it can remarkably decrease the level of viral core associated-HBV DNA in the cytoplasm. No significant toxicity was shown in such concentrations.Conclusion Oxymatrine has a potential anti-HBV activity in vitro.

Objective:　Retrospective analyse the main factors influencing the recurrence of gastric cancer after operation, man attempt to improve the standard of diagnosis and treatment.　Methods: Retrospective analysis was male in 25 cases operated for recurrence of gastric cancer during the period from January 1995 to December 1999.　Results: The recurrences were mainly located in the peritoneal cavity, the lymph nodes and the anatomotic region. Serosal involvement of the lesion, non-radical or irrational extent of lymphatic curage(D≤N) and inadequacy of gastric resection were the main causes of recurrence.　Conclusions: Post-opertive recurrence is closely related to the staging of gastric cancer, the rational extent of operation and the adoption of other therapeutic measures. Early detection and treatment of gastric cancer are most important in reducing recurrence and in improving the prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 985 patients who underwent surgical for thyroid carcinoma plus central lymph node dissection from January 2017 to June 2018 in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Patients were divided into those without (group A, n=973) and with (group B, n=12) chyle leakage. Patients with chyle leakage who underwent left central lymph node dissection were divided into group B1 (n=5) and right central lymph node dissection into group B2 (n=7). Patients with chyle leakage were treated with fat-free diet and negative pressure drainage. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the general condition, surgical pathology, postoperative drainage, hospitalization days, treatment and prognosis of patients in B1 and B2 groups. Results: The incidence of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer was 1.2% (12/985). There were no significant differences in age, sex, size of primary lesion, number of lymph node dissection in central area and number of lymph node metastasis in central area between group A and group B (all P>0.05). The drainage volume on the first day after operation [((51.7±26.7)) ml] and the average hospitalization days [(3.4±0.8) d] in group A were significantly lower than those in group B ([131.3±56.0)]ml, [10.4±2.6)]d). The differences were statistically significant (t value was -5.442, -11.238, respectively, both P<0.001). There were no significant differences in age, size of primary lesion, number of lymph node dissection, number of lymph node metastasis, drainage volume on the first day after operation and average hospitalization days between group B1 and group B2 (all P>0.05). All chyle leakages in group B stopped after conservative management without surgical intervention. Conclusion The occurrence of chyle leakage after central lymph node dissection is a rare complication. It can be cured by conservative treatment such as diet control, pressure bandaging and negative pressure drainage, and generally does not require secondary surgery.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias/surgery* ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa/transplantation* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Reoperation/methods* ; Urethra/surgery* ; Young Adult

High-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca channels are widely expressed in the nervous system. They play an important role in pain conduction by participating in various physiological processes such as synaptic transmission, changes in synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. Available evidence suggests that the HVA channel is an important therapeutic target for pain management. In this review, we summarize the changes in different subtypes of HVA channel during pain and present the currently available evidence from the clinical application of HVA channel blockers. We also review novel drugs in various phases of development. Moreover, we discuss the future prospects of HVA channel blockers in order to promote "bench-to-bedside" translation.