Objective To study the expression of CCR4 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues,and to determine its relationship with clinical pathological factors and its influence on prognosis of gallbladder cancer.Methods The expressions of CCR4 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues,and chronic cholecystitis gallbladder mucosal tissues were detected using immune histochemical methods and they were analyzed together with the clinical records.Survival analysis was used to compare the expressions of CCR4 between the positive group and the negative group.Multiple factors analysis was carried out using the Cox regression model.Correlation between the expressions of CCR4 in gallbladder tissues and the clinical pathologic factors was done using the Chi-square test.Results CCR4 is expressed tan-yellow in gallbladder cell cytoplasm and/or cell membrane.The expression of CCR4 protein in the gallbladder carcinoma was obviously higher than in the chronic cholecystitis gallbladder epithelial tissues (P ＜ 0.05).A high expression of CCR4 was not correlated with patients' age,gender,pathological classification,distant metastasis and nerve/lymphatic invasion factors.It was,however correlated with tumor lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05) and histological grading (P ＜ 0.05).Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed the postoperative survival between the CCR4 positive group and the negative group were significant different (P ＜0.05).On multiple factors analysis,CCR4 expression level was an independent risk factor of survival of patients after gallbladder surgery.Conclusions The chemokine receptor CCR4 expressed in gallbladder carcinoma.Its level of expression correlated with lymph node metastasis and histological grading.It was an independent risk factor of survival in patients with gallbladder carcinoma after surgery.As it was associated with invasion and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma,antitumor treatment targeting CCR4 is expected to become a novel treatment of gallbladder carcinoma.

0.05) and was significantly lower than that in groups of GNB and mycetes' (P

Objective To evaluate the changes of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and its prognostic value in sepsis patients.MethodThe percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T cells were measured by flow eytometry present in peripheral blood in 36 sepsis patients on day 1,3 and 5 and 15 healthy people (control group).The changes of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were analyzed in survivors group and non-survivors group respectively.Results There were 19 survivors and 17 non-survivors in sepsis patients.The percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T cells in survivors group and non-survivors group on day 1 was significantly lower than that in eontrol group [(12.42± 3.26)%,(12.96± 3.00)% vs (16.97 ± 3.66)%,P＜0.05].The percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T cells in survivors group and non-survivors group on day 3 were both signifieanfly higher than that on day 1 [(24.47±4.62)%vs (12.42±3.26)%,(26.61±3.85)%vs (12.96±3.00)%,P＜0.05].The percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T cells in survivors group on day 5[(18.28±4.28)%]was significantly lower than that on day 3 (P＜0.05),and the percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T cells in nonsurvivors group on day 5 were significantly higher than that on day 3(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T ceils between survivors group and non-survivors group on day 1,3 respeefively(P ＞ 0.05),but the percentage of CD4+CD25+/CD4+ T cells in survivors group was significantly lower than that in non-survivors group on day 5 (P＜0.05).Conclusions The CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in sepsis patients decreases following by increase after onset.The persistent increase suggests the emergence of immunoparalysis,which is followed by high monaliy,The CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are valuable in evaluation of immune state and prediction the prognosis in sepsis patients.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors of elderly patients with noscomial Candidemia in intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 75 elderly patients with noscomial Candidemia from 2001 to 2008. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find the correlations of prognosis with clinical and biochemical parameters. Results A total of 75 Candida strains were isolated from blood. The proportion of non-albicans species reached to 70.7%. Fluconazole-resistant candidiasis was increased. Overall mortality rate was 48.0%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that septic shock, comorbid bacteremia, higher serum creatinine and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score more than 10 were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality (Ward=6.34, 5.15, 8.04, 6.82, all P＞0.05). Conclusions Noscomical Candidemia in elderly critical illness patients leads a high mortality, the proportion of nonalbicans species and fluconazole-resistant candidiasis increase. The blood culture and drug sensitive test should be performed routinely to provide proper evidence for antifungal therapy. Monitoring the high risk factors, effective and reasonable therapeutics are the guarantee for reducing the mortality induced by Candidemia.

Objective To investigate the value of clinical data used for conventional indications of initiating renal replacement therapy (RRT) such as serum creatinine (SCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and acute renal injury (AKI) stage and in estimating the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI.Methods A retrospective analysis of 258 AKI adult inpatients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in ICU from Jan.2011 to Jan.2015.According to the outcomes,all subjects were divided into survival group (n =104)and death group (n =154).The general condition,AKI causes,results of renal function (urine output,SCr,BUN and AKI stage),homeostasis (acid-base balance and electrolyte level),severity of disease (APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score) and others were compared between two groups.Additionally,risk factors for the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI were screened by the multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,primary disease,AKI causes,APACHE Ⅱ score,renal function (urine output,SCr,BUN and AKI stage),serum potassium level and phosphorus level between two groups before CRRT (P ＞ 0.05),but more patients in death group had severe sepsis (31.17％ vs.19.23％,P =0.033),lower pH value [(7.27 ±0.34)vs.(7.41 ±0.34),P =0.024] and higher level of lactate [(3.97 ±2.87) vs.s (2.64 ± 2.30),P =0.006].After the analysis with multivariate Coxg proportional hazard models,it was found that the levels of serum phosphorus (P =0.043) and lactate (P =0.009) were the independent risk factors for prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI,and other conventional indications for initiating RRT such as SCr,BUN,AKI stage,urine output,pH,bicarbonate level or potassium level were not closely associated with the prognosis of patients (P ＞ 0.05).Therefore,a composite of these six variables (pH,bicarbonate level,phosphorus level,potassium level,urine output and AKI stage) was analyzed.According to the analysis result of ROC curve,the diagnostic value of combined six different variables in predicting in-hospital mortality of AKI patients [area under the curve (AUC) 0.669,95％ CI:0.577-0.762] was almost as high as that of lactate (AUC:0.683,95％ CI:0.590-0.777),and significantly higher than SCr (AUC:0.460,95％ CI:0.358-0.562),BUN (AUC:0.469,95％ CI:0.366-0.571).Conclusions This composite of six different variables is more useful than any other conventional indications for initiating RRT in predicting post-AKI mortality.As a result,a composition of six different variables should be considered rather than any single variable alone for indication of initiating RRT in critically ill patients with AKI.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of hypomagnesemia and the effect of serum magnesium levels on the prognosis of critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods A single-center prospective observation was conducted. The adult patients admitted to ICU of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were enrolled, and they were expected to stay in hospital for more than 48 hours. All the patients who had been diagnosed with hypomagnesemia before ICU admission, or those who had received magnesium supplement therapy were excluded. All patients were monitored for serum magnesium levels within 24 hours after ICU admission, and they were divided into three groups: normomagnesemic group (serum magnesium levels 0.7-1.2 mmol/L), hypomagnesemic group (serum magnesium levels< 0.7 mmol/L), and hypermagnesemic group (serum magnesium levels> 1.2 mmol/L). Various parameters were recorded for every patient, including general information, disease composition, laboratory indexes, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay days and final outcome. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score during the first 24 hours after ICU admission were calculated. The risk factors for the death in critically ill patients were postulated by logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 374 critically ill patients were enrolled, with 242 patients (64.71%) in normomagnesemic group, 102 (27.27%) in hypomagnesemic group, and 30 (8.02%) in hypermagnesemic group. As to the disease composition, although the patients in normomagnesemic group and hypomagnesemic group were mainly consisted of patients with nervous system diseases (33.06%, 31.37%) or pneumonia(25.62%, 25.49%), the proportion of patients with major abdominal and thoracic surgery (15.69% vs. 5.78%,χ2= 8.837, P= 0.003) or severe sepsis (7.84% vs. 1.65%,χ2= 9.935,P= 0.007) was significantly greater in the hypomagnesemic group compared with that of normomagnesemic group, and most hypermagnesemic patients were complicated by renal dysfunction in different degrees. Compared with the normomagnesemic group, the hypomagnesemic group was found to have higher SOFA scores (6.86±3.12 vs. 5.46±2.75,t= -2.930,P= 0.004), longer stay in ICU (days: 15.98±13.29 vs. 12.43±7.14,t= -2.318,P= 0.034) and higher mortality [54.90% (56/102) vs. 33.88% (82/242),χ2= 6.587, P= 0.010], but no statistically significant differences were found in gender composition, age, levels of other electrolytes (natrium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus), and APACHEⅡ score. As shown by the result of the logistic regression analysis, APACHEⅡ score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.129, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.064-1.197,P= 0.000] and serum magnesium level (OR= 2.163, 95%CI= 1.015-4.610,P= 0.046) were independent risk factors for death in critically ill patients.Conclusion Serum magnesium levels are closely related to mortality rate in patients in ICU, so more attention should be paid to the occurrence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill patients.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of microRNA150 (miRNA150) on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods From January 2015 to June 2016, 45 surgical specimens were collected.The expression of miRNA150 and Ras-interacting protein 1(RASIP1) at miRNA level in gastric cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues were quantified by quantitative real-time fluorescent reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The correlation between miRNA150 and the biological features of gastric cancer as well as RASIP1 expression was analyzed.Gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was cultured and transfected with pcDNA3.1-miRNA150 expression plasmids.The effect of miRNA150 over-expression on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-dipheayl 2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.And the effect of miRNA150 over-expression on the invasion and metastasis of SGC-7901 cells was detected by Transwell assay.The potential target gene of miRNA150 was analyzed by bioinformatics software and dual-luciferase reporter assay system.The effect of miRNA150 over-expression on RASIP1 expression in SGC-7901 cells was tested by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.Analysis of variance and t test were used to compare normal distribution data.And the Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to compare skewed distribution data.Spearman assay was used for correlation analysis.Results The median level of miRNA150 in gastric cancer tissue was higher than that of paracancerous tissues (3.85, 0.26 to 7.92 vs 1.98, 0.19 to 5.66), and the difference was statistically significant (U=466.22,P<0.05).The median level of RASIP1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissue (1.65, 0.13 to 3.59) was lower than that of paracancerous tissues (2.96, 0.59 to 6.08), and the difference was statistically significant (U=522.31,P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis indicated that RASIP1 expression level was negatively correlated with miRNA150 expression (r=-0.589, P=0.008).The RASIP1 expression at mRNA level was negatively correlated with miRNA150 expression (r=-0.614, P=0.004).The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed RASIP1 was the target gene of miRNA150.The miRNA150 expression level was related with tumor size, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis(χ2=5.81, 6.00 and 10.04,all P<0.05).The results of MTT assay showed that after SGC-7901 cells cultured for 24 hours, the A value of pcDNA3.1-miRNA150 plasmid transfected cells was higher than that of the untransfected SGC-7901 cells (0.51±0.04 vs 0.79±0.03), and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.745, P<0.05).The results of Transwell assay indicated that there were more invasive and metastatic cells in pcDNA3.1-miRNA150 plasmid transfected cells.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative levels of RASIP1 mRNA in control group, pcDNA3.1-miRNA150 plasmid transfected cells and pcDNA3.1 empty plasmid transfected cells were 1.00±0.02, 0.51±0.03 and 1.08±0.03, respectively.The RASIP1 mRNA level in pcDNA3.1-miRNA150 plasmid transfected cells was lower than untransfected and pcDNA3.1 empty plasmid transfected cells, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.940, 4.120, both P<0.05).miRNA150 could negtively regulate the RASIP1 protein expression and promote the proliferation and invasion of gastric cacer cells.Conclusions Over-expression of miRNA150 induced invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by down-regulating RASIP1 expression.miRNA150 may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor metastasis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogens,drug resistance and the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) in our intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS Spetum samples collected from the low respiratory trachea of the VAP patients from July 2008 to May 2009 in ICU received bacterial culture and antibiotics sensitive test.The risk factors related to VAP were identified and evaluated with Chi-square test.RESULTS 82 strains of pathogens had been isolated by culture and most of which were Gram negative bacilli(69.51%).The other pathogens included Gram positive cocci(25.61%) and fungi(4.88%).The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Most of the Gram negative bacilli were highly resistant to many kind of antibiotics,especially Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii.77.8% of S.aureus were Meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA),and all sensitive to Vancomycin.The duration of mechanical ventilation≥5 days,age≥65 years,gastric acid secretion inhibitor(GASI) therapy and albumen

The benefits of early enteral nutrition (EEN) during critical illness have been widely accepted by global experts. To popularize this new concept and provide standardized, reasonable and effective EEN therapy for critically ill patients in China, more than 20 experts from throughout the country discussed and developed this consensus. We used the GRADE approach for consensus development, focusing on important clinical issues such as nutrition assessment, initiating mode, route selection and tolerance monitoring of EEN support therapy for current critically ill patients. This consensus would be certainly help for intensive care physicians in the clinical application of EEN support therapy for critically ill patients.
China ; Consensus ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans

Objective To investigate the roles of integrin ανβ6 in the invasion of colon cancer cells and its molecular mechanisms for regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation.Methods The RNA interfering technique was used to downregulate the expression of ανβ6 in colon cancer cells. The expression of ανβ6 in transfected cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.The cell invasive capacity was evaluated by reconstituted basement membrane invasion assay. Western blot and gelatin zymography were used to determine whether the reduced αvβ6 expression affects extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P-ERK, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expressions. [3H]-labelled type Ⅳ collagen degradation assay was performed to asess if supression of integrin ανβ6 inhibits extracellular matrix degradation.Results Specific siRNA inhibited the expression of ανβ6 in both the protein and mRNA levels in HT29 cells. Down regulation of integrin ανβ6 inhibited ERK, P-ERK1/2 expressions, and the secretion of uPA. pro-MMP-9 and pro-MMP-2 in tumor conditioned medium. Supression of integrin ανβ6 inhibited MAPK dependent [3H]-labelled type Ⅳ collagen degradation. Conclusions These data in our study demonstrats that integrin ανβ6 plays important roles in the invasion of colon cancer cells. The ανβ6 regulates the secretion levels of uPA, pro-MMP-9, pro-MMP-2 and the ECM degradation through the MAPK pathway.