Newcastle disease virus-like particles (NDV VLPs) are composed of matrix protein (M) as the skeleton,with the insertion of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and/or fusion protein.NDV VLPs are reported to be immunogenic and can induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses.However,its relationship with innate immunity remains elusive.Dendritic cells (DCs) are a group of specialized antigen presenting cells,which are crucial in connecting innate immunity and adaptive immunity.In this study,NDV VLPs and murine DCs were used to investigate the connection between NDV VLPs and innate immunity.The DC maturation induced by NDV VLPs (M+ HN) was evaluated.The results showed that NDV VLPs could be effectively taken up by DC and presented to naive T cells.NDV VLPs-induced DC significantly up-regulated the expression of MHC Ⅱ and costimulatory molecules on DC surface,and subsequently promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.This experiments also showed that different assembled NDV VLPs induced significant stimulating ability in cytokine levels.In summary,NDV VLPs can induce DC maturation,which gives insights to better understanding of VLPs-mediated innate immunity and provide information in selecting preferred NDV VLPs candidate.

A plasmids of continuous expressing shRNAs targeting the NDV NA-1 Phosphoprotein (P) gene was designed.Virus titration,Real Time RT-PCR,CPE indicated that P-specific siRNA could inhibit virus replication at 36 h post-virus infection.In future studies,a combination of siRNAs targeting the NP and L gene may be used as a tool to study NDV replication and antiviral therapy.

Objective To investigate the application value of DWI and SWI in the diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods MR imaging was performed in 23 patients with clinically diagnosed DAI including the routine se-quences, DWI and SWI sequences.The detected number of lesions was compared among the different sequences.The characteristics of sig|lal and distribution of lesions were analyzed. Results DAI lesions located in the white matter,juncfional zone of cortex and medulla,basal ganglia, corpus eaihsum brain stem arm cerebelhm. The detected number of non-hemorrhagic lesion on DWl was the highest and significantly higher than that on other sequences.The deteced number of hemorrhagic lesion on SWI was the highest and significantly higher than that on other sequences. Conclu-sion Combination of DWl and SWI can improve detection ratio of DAI lesions, provide more image evidence for early clinical diagnosis,so DWI and SWI should be the first and naltilm sequence in the MRI exaafination of DAI detection.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of MR susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in the cerebral micro-bleedings(CMBs). Methods Conventional MR sequences including TSE , FLAIR and SWI sequences were per-formed in 50 patients as well as SWI sequence.The numbers of CMB and sensitivity of positive rare on SWI and conventional sequences were compared and statistically analyzed. Results SWI sequences clearly exhibited dot,stripe,round or ring-shaped low signal shadows. With diameter from 0.4 to 6.5 mm. Cerebral microbleeds mainly located in cortex, subcortex and basal ganglia in 50 patients. Compared to 23 cases with spin echo TSE, and 20 cases with FLAIR. Conclusion SWI has predomin flilt advantage over conventional MRI sequences in detecting CMBs. SWI provides an important reference for the treatment and evaluating prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Characteristic clinical manifestations of Newcastle disease include leukopenia and immunosuppression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the main targets of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection. To survey changes in proteomic expression in chicken PBMCs following NDV infection, PBMC proteins from 30 chickens were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Quantitative intensity analysis showed that the expression of 78 proteins increased more than two-fold. Thirty-five proteins exhibited consistent changes in expression and 13 were identified as unique proteins by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer including three that were down-regulated and 10 that were up-regulated. These proteins were sorted into five groups based on function: macromolecular biosynthesis, cytoskeleton organization, metabolism, stress responses, and signal transduction. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed the down-regulation of integrin-linked kinase expression and up-regulation of lamin A production. These data provide insight into the in vivo response of target cells to NDV infection at the molecular level. Additionally, results from this study have helped elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of NDV and may facilitate the development of new antiviral therapies as well as innovative diagnostic methods.
Animals ; Avian Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Chickens ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology/virology ; Newcastle Disease/*genetics/virology ; Newcastle disease virus/*physiology ; Poultry Diseases/*genetics/virology ; *Proteome ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/veterinary ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/veterinary