Platelet -derived growth factor (PDGF)is an important factor of promoting cell growth which has a physiological role ranging from DNA synthesis,cell mitosis inducement,promotion on a variety of extracellular matrix accumulation as well as impact on the cell phenotype and growth.Studies showed that PDGF played an important role in growth and proliferation of vascular and nerve.It has a significant effect on accelerating tissue repair and promoting healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that excludes coronary heart disease,hypertensive heart disease and other heart diseases,and patients with diabetes mellitus prone to cardiac structural and functional changes.Echocardiography is often the first choice of examination methods,and nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a new method to observe the changes of myocardial fibrosis and myocardial metabolism.In the treatment,need to a variety of methods to intervene,such as blood glucose control,using statin lipid -lowering drugs,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,angiotensin receptor blocking agent,beta blockers,antioxidants,and traditional Chinese medicine etc.

[Summary] Transplantation of human cell, tissue or organ is an effective means to cure completely the disease. Animal experiments and clinical studies have demonstrated that the efficacies of transplantation are obvious in the treatment of hypothyroidism. In recent years, thyroid stem cell transplantation has drawn much attention, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adult stem cells had also made progress in clinical investigations. Especially the embryonic stem cell transplantation has been used successfully in animal experiments. It provided a new perspective for clinical thyroid transplantation, but it also faces many problems to solve.

Objective To study the effects of endolymphatic sac decompression and on semicircular canal plugging in treating intractable Meniere's disease.Methods A total of 14 cases of intractable Meniere's disease were included in this study.The age was from 33~67 years old and the history was from 1 to 40 years.The hearing level of bone was from 35 to 65 dB for the speech frequencies.All cases received the treatments according to the pre-op-erative design.The endolymphatic sac was decompressed and the three semicircular canal bones were drilled to cre-ate a fenestra followed by soft tissue plugging into the canal.The vertigo,hearing level and tinnitus were included in the following up.Results All cases had no facial palsy,no cerebrospinal leak,and no vertical after surgery.In the period of 3 to 18 months following up,the attack of Meniere's disease was completely controlled for 13 cases excep-tion of one lost case.For five cases,the hearing level descended 10 to 15 dB compared to pre-operation.Conclusion Although the endolymphatic sac decompression can relieve endolymphatic pressure,this may not adequately pro-tect the hearing caused by the semicircular canal plugging.The surgical technique is reliable and safe;however fur-ther clinical data should be gathered.

Lithium carbonate is a fundamental drug used in the management of acute mania and prophylaxis of bipolar disorders.It has been found that some patients on lithium carbonate therapy developed hypothyroidism.Therefore,this medication becomes a second-line choice for the treatment of patients with hyperthyoidism,though no standardized protocol has been approved.It remains worthwhile to investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of lithium carbonate in the management of hyperthyroidism.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of lithium carbonate on hyperthyroidism.Methods Forty-seven cases of hyperthyroidism with abnormal hepatic function and/or leucopenia were recruited from January 2010 to January 2012.Thyroid function,adverse reactions,and clinical outcome of patients treated with lithium carbonate were observed and recorded before and after treatment.Results Thyroid function,liver function,and leucopenia in all patients were improved markedly after treatment.Among the treated patients,9 cases resulted in complete remission and had the drug discontinued,11 cases received radioactive iodine therapy afterwards,6 cases underwent surgical treatment,16 cases continued to use the same drug,and 5 cases were lost during follow-up.No obvious adverse reaction appeared during the treatment.Conclusions Lithium carbonate can be effectively used in patients with hyperthyroidism complicated by leukopenia or liver damage.It is also indicated during preparation for radioactive iodine or surgical treatment in patients with thyrotoxicosis.

[Summary] The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of sex hormone in male patients with type 2 diabetes and complicated with non-alcoholi fattty liver disease (NAFLD),and to detect the characteristics of the metablic indexs.A total of 112 patients were enrolled and divided into NAFLD group (n =54) and non-NAFLD group (n =58).All patients were measured for waist circumference,body mass index,metablic index,sex hormone,and serum transaminase.Compared with non-NAFLD group,the levels of fasting blood glucose,2 hour postprandial blood glucose,HbA1C in NAFLD group were significantly elevated [(8.75 ± 2.58 vs 7.79 ± 1.89) mmol/L,(18.12 ± 3.95 vs 15.63 ± 3.89) mmol/L,(11.96 ±4.85 vs 10.05 ±4.15)％,all P＜0.05].In addition,total cholesterol,triglyceride,body mass index,fasting insulin,and postprandial insulin in NAFLD group were significantly elevated [(4.97± 1.02 vs4.15±0.92) mmol/L,(2.74±2.25 vs 2.01± 1.45)mmol/L,(27.34±3.93 vs 22.38±3.39) kg/m2,(9.62 ± 5.80 vs 6.18 ± 4.21) μIU/ml,(72.71 ± 109.70 vs 31.72 ± 42.27) μIU/ml,all P＜0.05];while the total testosterone and free testosterone were lowered dramatically[(14.18 ±6.39 vs 18.21 ±6.14) nmol/L,(0.32 ± ± 0.03 vs 0.39 ± 0.08) ng/dl,both P＜0.05].Male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with NAFLD are more prone to have disturbance in the lipid metabolism and had larger percentages of obesity and with lower level of testesterone.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 213 male patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into low testosterone group (n=75) and normal testosterone group (n=138). Blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin and sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured in all patients.The correlations between the metabolic index and sex hormone levels were analyzed.Results Compared with normal testosterone group, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly increased in low testosterone group(all P<0.05)while LH, FSH, and SHBG levels were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TT was negatively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR(r=-0.142,-0.154, both P<0.05)while positively correlated with LH and FSH (r=0.157, 0.138, both P<0.05).TT level in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS) was significantly decreased (P<0.05).A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, MS, HOMA-IR, and LH were significant independent risk factors for hypogonadism.Conclusions Hypogonadism often occurs in male patients with type 2 diabetes,especially in patients with MS.BMI, HOMA-IR, LH, and MS are risk factors for hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients.

AIM: To discuss the effects of phytoestrogenic-genistein on cathepsin K (CK) expression stimulated by interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) . METHODS: The OCLs were isolated from tissue of human giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) . The cells treated with reagents were divided into 7 groups including control (treated with phenol red-free-DMEM), vehicle (treated with 1.2 nmol· L-1 IL- 1α), 10-10-10-6genistein, genistein+ ICI 182.780, and 17[β-estrodiol (17β-E2) group. The cells were treated with 1.2 nmol· L-1IL-1α after pre-treated with genistein or 17β-E2 for 48 h (excluded the control group) . Expression of CK wasdetermined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot in OCLs stimulated by IL-1α in the presence of genistein or 17[β-E2. RESULTS: The obvious increase of expression of CK by IL1α in vehicle group was noted in comparing with control group (P ＜ 0.01 ) . Genistein down-regulated CK gene expression stimulated by IL-1α at the transcription level in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.68, P ＜ 0.01 ) .Genistein down-regulated CK protein expression stimulated by IL-1α also in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.61,P ＜ 0.01 ). The effects of genistein were abrogated partly after treatment with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182.780. CONCLUSION: Genistein inhibits CK expression stimulated by IL-1α partly through estrogen receptor in OCLs.

Objective To understand the influence of meteorological factors on Oncomelania density in natural condition and provide scientific evidence for the control of the spread of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania.Methods Based on the Oncomelania survey data in spring and ground meteorological observation data of Qianjiang from 1990 to 2014, the first-order autoregressive analysis method was used for trend fitting and disassemble, and the correlation between the change rate of Oncomelania density and various meteorological factors in different periods were analyzed.Results The greatest influence of meteorological factors on Oncomelania density was temperature,followed by precipitation.The average minimum temperature in January and from December to February had predominant influence on Oncomelania density and frame occurrence rate of living Oncomelania (FORLO) respectively.The rise (fall) of average minimum temperature in January by 1 ℃ would lead to the increase (decrease) of Oncomelania density by 5.080％-6.710％;The rise (fall) of average minimum temperature from December to February by 1 ℃ would lead to the increase (decrease) of FORLO by 15.521％-15.928％.The period with the biggest influence of precipitation on Oncomelania density was from November to April, as the rainfall declined ＞20％, drought might occur, which would cause the reduction of Oncomelania density.Sunshine from September to November had some correlations with the change of Oncomelania density and FORLO.Statistical regression models for the change of Oncomelania density, FORLO and meteorological factors based on correlation analysis were established respectively.Conclusion Weed removal in Oncomelania areas before December is beneficial to reduce the surface temperature and soil moisture content, which would result in Oncomelania density reduction in some extent.It' s notable that the winter temperature is in rise in Hubei province along with global climate change, causing the Oncomelania density to increase, to which more attention should be paid.