Objective To investigate the main cell types expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the posterior cortical infarction area in cerebral infarction rats after early vein allograft of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and the effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on their ce11 numbers and percentages.Methods (1) Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group 1,ischemia control group 1,and BM-MSCs transplantation group 1 (n=5);distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCA) models were used in the later two groups;1 × 106 CM-DiI labeled BM-MSCs were intravascularly transplanted into the tail vein of rats from the transplantation group 1 at one h after ischemia;all rats were sacrificed 48 h after ischemia;BM-MSCs with co-existence of CM-Dil and BDNF in the ischemia cortex areas were detected by immunofluorescence staining.(2)Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group 2,ischemia control group 2,and BM-MSCs transplantation group 2 (n=5);dMCAO models were used in the later two groups;1 ×106 non-labeled BM-MSCs were intravascularly transplanted into the tail vein of rats from the transplantation group 2 at one h after ischemia;48 h after ischemia onset,all rats were sacrificed;the number of BDNF+ and CD68+ microglia cells,BDNF+ and Iba-1+ microglia cells,and BDNF+ and neuron-specific nucleoprotein (NeuN)+ neurons were measured by immunofluorescence staining.Results (1) CM-Dil red fluorescence labeled allogeneic BM-MSCs were only found in BM-MSCs transplantation group 1;the labeled cells scattered in the infarct and peri-infarct cortices;9.70％±3.47％ CM-Dil labeled BM-MSCs expressed BDNF,accounting for 13.32％±4.48％ of all BDNF+ cells in the infarct brain cortex.(2) In the brain tissues of cortex infarct area of BM-MSCs transplantation group 2,38.40％±9.04％ BDNF+ cells were Iba-1+ microglia cells,11.65％±2.76％ BDNF+ cells were CD68+ microglia cells,and 28.96％±6.99％ BDNF+ cells were NeuN+ neurons;the Iba-1+ cell numbers and Iba-1+/BDNF+ double positive cell percentages in the BM-MSCs transplantation group 2 ([92.06±36.52]/mm2 and 79.21％±12.27％) were significantly increased as compared with those in the ischemia control group 2 ([31.13±10.23] mm2 and 60.15％±28.20％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Allogeneic BM-MSCs is capable of migrating into the infarct cortex when intravenous transplantation of BM-MSCs is performed at the early stage after ischemia;the main sources of BDNF in these areas are microglias cells and neurons;these BM-MSCs increase both number and percentage of Iba-1+/BDNF+ double positive cells,which may be one of the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects.

Objective: To compare the efficacies of the two techniques of "micro-hemostasis and micro-cutting" with straight bipolar electrocoagulation forceps and traditional clamp-ligation for hemostasia in thyroid surgery. Methods: A total of 228 patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid neoplasms in our hospital between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 50 males and 178 females, aged 23-68 years old. Of those, 150 cases as electric knife group received traditional thyroid surgery between January 2015 and December 2018 and 78 cases as bipolar electrocoagulation group received thyroid surgery by using the technique of bipolar electrocoagulation with meticulous anatomy between January 2018 and December 2018. The total operation time, single operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative drainage volume on the first day, postoperative hoarseness and hypocalcemia were compared between the two groups. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The total operation time and intraoperative hemorrhage in the bipolar electrocoagulation group were significantly lower than those in the electric knife group ((59.33±18.29)min vs (77.21±25.39)min, (14.83±9.22)ml vs (36.86±11.80)ml, all P<0.01). The single operation time of the bipolar electrocoagulation group was shorter than that of the electric knife group((10.25±6.16) min vs (20.34±7.24)min, (16.25±7.15)min vs (35.68±8.25)min, (12.12±5.25)min vs (20.68±7.26)min, t value was 3.948,16.262,8.238, all P<0.01).There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative drainage volume on the first day (P>0.05) and the incidence of postoperative hoarseness (P>0.05), while the incidence of hypocalcemia in the bipolar electrocoagulation group(10.26%) was lower than that in the electric knife group(21.33%,χ²=4.353, P<0.05). Conclusions The fine dissection for thyroid operation can be achieved by using straight bipolar electrocoagulation tweezers. The use of "micro-hemostasis" and "micro-cutting" technique with bipolar electrocoagulation tweezers can greatly reduce intraoperative bleeding, operation time and postoperative complication.