Objective To evaluate the outcome indicators in clinical research on TCM treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS);To provide a theoretical basis for establishing the PCOS clinical core outcome indicator set.Methods Relevant clinical research about TCM treatment for PCOS was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,Embase,PubMed,Web of Science and Cochrane Library from 1st,Jan.2019 to 15th,Nov.2023.Research articles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,and a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the extracted data.Results A total of 951 clinical studies were included(915 in Chinese and 36 in English),involving 86 369 patients,with 221 outcome indicators identified,and a total frequency of 8 991 occurrences.Analysis revealed that commonly used outcome indicators included hormone levels(such as luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,testosterone),overall efficacy rate,ovulation rate,pregnancy rate,TCM syndrome score,ovarian volume and insulin resistance index.However,there was considerable variation in the choice of indicators across different studies,and some indicators were misaligned with clinical needs,lacking a focus on long-term prognosis and safety.Conclusion Clinical research on TCM treatments for PCOS often demonstrates significant variability in outcome indicators,lack of clarity between primary and secondary indicators,disorganized description of indicators,diversity in the choice of measurement tools,and a lack of indicators for specific populations.These problems lead to difficulties in combining similar studies for meta-analysis and fail to provide high-level evidence-based clinical guidance.There is an urgent need to establish a core set of outcome indicators for clinical research on TCM treatment for PCOS.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects between proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) inverted and a posterior single plate in the anterior percutaneous minimally invasive internal fixation for distal humeral shaft fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 65 patients with distal humeral shaft fracture who had been treated from January 2018 to May 2021 at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to different treatment methods. In the observation group of 30 cases subjected to anterior percutaneous minimally invasive internal fixation with PHILOS inverted: 20 males and 10 females with an age of (41.5±11.6) years; type A in 5 cases, type B in 14 cases, and type C in 11 cases by AO fracture classification. In the control group of 35 cases subjected to anterior percutaneous minimally invasive internal fixation with a posterior single plate: 23 males and 12 females with an age of (39.9±11.2) years; type A in 7 cases, type B in 17 cases, and type C in 11 cases by AO fracture classification. The preoperative general data, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total incision length, fracture healing time, and shoulder and elbow VAS scores, Constant-Murley shoulder function score, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and complications at the last follow-up were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences either in operation time, fracture healing time, or shoulder or elbow VAS pain score, Constant-Murley shoulder function score, or MEPS at the last follow-up between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss was (59.7±26.6) mL in the observation group and (165.7±86.4) mL in the control group, and the total incision length was (10.7±2.1) cm in the observation group and (18.6±2.7) cm in the control group, showing statistically significant differences between the 2 groups ( P<0.01). There was no injury to the radial nerve or musculocutaneous nerves, incision infection or fracture nonunion in the observation group. There were 4 cases of iatrogenic radial nerve injury, 2 cases of incision infection and 1 case of fracture nonunion in the control group, yielding a complication rate of 20.0% (7/35). The difference in the incidence of complications was significant between the 2 groups ( P<0.01). Conclusion:In the treatment of distal humeral shaft fracture with anterior percutaneous minimally invasive internal fixation, PHILOS inverted has advantages of less soft tissue damage, less intraoperative bleeding, and a lower risk of iatrogenic radial nerve injury than the posterior single plate.