The widespread use of colonoscopy for early detection of colorectal pathology has increased the use of osmotic laxatives for colonic cleansing. Among these, oral sodium phosphate preparations can cause renal insufficiency through the development of acute phosphate nephropathy. Acute phosphate nephropathy can be distinguished as early symptomatic and late insidious patterns. Patients whose presentation is insidious are easily overlooked and can progress to chronic kidney disease. We report a case of complete recovery from the late insidious type of acute phosphate nephropathy.
Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Laxatives ; Pathology ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Sodium

Animals ; Big Data ; Humans ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Natural Language Processing ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology

To summarize the clinicopathological features and prognosis of kidney injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), to provide basis for preventing its occurrence and development. By using a retrospective cohort study method, we collected the clinical and renal biopsy pathological data of all the patients who hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology of Peking University First Hospital from June 2011 to June 2021 with renal injury after HSCT and underwent renal biopsy, and prognosis was followed up by telephone. The clinical laboratory characteristics, renal pathology and prognosis, and their association were analyzed. The results showed that the most common clinical phenotype was chronic kidney disease (CKD,69.2%, 18/26), in this term 13/18 patients received stem cells from haploidentical donors, and 11/18 patients experienced with extrarenal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The most common pathologic phenotype was thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA, 61.5%, 16/26). Renal function returned to baseline level in 6 patients, and the kidney survival at 2 years and 5 years were 95.7% (22/23) and 87.5% (14/16), respectively. In conclusion, the clinical phenotype of renal injury after HSCT were mainly CKD, and the most common pathologic phenotype was TMA, the long-term prognosis was favourable.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Kidney/pathology* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods* ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies/pathology* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology*

Lithium is commonly employed in the treatment of bipolar disorders. The commonly reported nephrotoxic effects of lithium therapy are nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy with little or no proteinuria. Mild proteinuria is a common manifestation of most renal injuries including nephrotoxicity by lithium. But nephrotic syndrome related with lithium therapy is very rare and only one case of membranous glomerulonephritis has been reported in Korea by this time. We report a lithium toxicity case manifested by nephrotic syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes inspidus and chronic renal insufficiency in a 44-year-old man who had been taking lithium for 13 years for bipolar disorder. Kidney pathology showed minimal change disease and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis which can be seen in chronic lithium toxicity. Polyuria and massive proteinuria disappeared with the withdrawal of lithium. Renal function was gradually improved but not to norma range. Careful and regular monitoring on the renal function in all patients on lithium treatment will be needed.
Adult ; Bipolar Disorder ; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; Humans ; Kidney ; Korea ; Lithium* ; Nephritis, Interstitial* ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pathology ; Polyuria ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease. It is characterized by the dysregulated growth of kidney cysts, resulting in end-stage kidney failure. By identifying the genes involved in ADPKD and detailing the molecular pathology of the disease, putative therapeutic agents have been developed. However, clinical trials of vasopressin receptor antagonists and somatostatin analogues have raised several concerns among researchers and clinicians. Questions regarding when and who to treat and what surrogate marker to use for describing endpoints have been raised. This review focuses on the current methods for managing ADPKD and describes recent findings from clinical trials. The main difficulties associated with implementing therapeutic agents in patients with ADPKD and considerations for clinical settings will also be discussed.
Biomarkers ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Pathology, Molecular ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Receptors, Vasopressin ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Somatostatin

Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology

We report 2 cases of chronic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline after unilateral adrenalectomy due to primary aldosteronism. The patients were diagnosed with unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma releasing aldosterone. Two patients were examined for hypertension and hypokalemia. Unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in both cases, and pathology confirmed adrenal cortical adenoma. After adrenalectomy, hypertension and hypokalemia improved to within normal range. However, the eGFR decreased postoperatively, and abdominal computed tomography scan showed decreased kidney size compared to previous images. Kidney biopsy was performed to delineate the exact cause of renal function deterioration and revealed hypertensive changes with chronic interstitial changes, indicating that glomerular hyperfiltration with aldosterone excess masked renal function damage. Physicians have to consider the probability of postadrenalectomy eGFR decline related to chronic hypertensive change.
Adrenalectomy* ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; Aldosterone ; Biopsy ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism* ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia ; Kidney ; Masks ; Pathology ; Reference Values ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Vascular calcification is the crucial factor of high cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which causes a huge medical and economic burden. It is urgent to explore its pathogenesis and intervention methods. CKD-associated vascular calcification is an ectopic osteogenesis process actively regulated by multiple cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo osteogenic differentiation in a pro-calcification environment, and secrete matrix vesicles to form calcium and phosphorus crystal deposition sites, which are key events in the development of CKD-associated vascular calcification. This article reviews the new mechanism and technology of CKD-associated vascular calcification and discusses the role of the myokine Irisin in CKD-associated vascular calcification.
Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Vascular Calcification/pathology* ; Proteins ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications* ; Disease Progression ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Hepatic lymphangioma is a rare benign neoplasm. It usually occurs as a part of systemic lymphangiomatosis. Isolated hepatic lymphangioma is extremely rare. A 58-year-old woman with weight loss was referred for the evaluation of chronic renal insufficiency and hepatic mass. Abdominal computed tomography showed 3 cm sized multilobulated cystic lesion with calcification and thick septal enhancing focus in the segment V of the liver. On abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, the masses exhibited low signal intensity on the T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. Malignant tumor could not be ruled out, and therefore, the patient underwent right anterior segmentectomy of the liver. Gross pathology reveraled a 3.0x2.2x1.5 cm mass with multichamber cyst, which was filled with mucoid material. Histologically the mass was composed of irregularly shaped vascular channels filled acellular homogeneous lymph fluids. The final diagnosis was hepatic isolated cavernous lymphangioma. Herein, we report a case of isolated hepatic lymphangioma and also review the existing literature.
Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphangioma/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), inflammatory responses during the progression of renal tissue and tissue injury related causes its progression to end-state renal disease. Among them, nuclear factor (nuclear factor, NF)-kappaB signaling pathway by regulating the corresponding nuclear expression of target gene transcription, as well as affecting the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, induction of inflammation lead to kidney damage and renal fibrosis. Some single herbs and their extracts (such as Astragali Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Ginkgo Folium) and some traditional Chinese medicine (such as Danggui Buxue decoction, Qilian decoction) can reduce the inflammatory damage induced by renal tissue NF-kappaB signaling pathway and delay the progression of CKD.
Animals ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects