Background and purpose:Breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common breast carci-noma, and the ultrasonographic features of its molecular subtypes has great clinical value. The purpose of this study was to discuss the correlation between ultrasonographic features of IDC and its molecular subtypes.Methods:Ultrasonographic features of 112 patients with preoperative integrated ultrasonographic information and pathologically confirmed IDC from Sep. 2012 to Feb. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the immunohistochemistry results of ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) and Ki-67, these cases were categorized into 4 molecular subtypes: Luminal A group, Luminal B group, ERBB2 positive group and Basal-like group. Results:There were 14 cases (12.5%) in Luminal A group, 62 cases (55.4%) in Luminal B group, 21 cases (18.7%) in ERBB2 positive group and 15 cases (13.4%) in Basal-like group. The 4 molecular subtypes differed in tumor length, lymph node involvement, tumor boundary, tumor shape and internal blood flow on ultrasonography (P<0.05). There were no sig-nificant differences in tumor internal echo, posterior echo, micro-calcification and elastrography between subtypes (P>0.05).Luminal A group and Luminal B group had less lymph node involvement, more obscure boundary and irregular shape. More internal blood flow, bigger tumor size and lymph node involvement were observed in ERBB2 positive group of this study. Patients in Basal-like group were more likely to have clear tumor boundary, regular tumor shape, bigger tumor size and lymph node involvement on ultrasonogram.Conclusion:Correlation exists between ultrasonographic features and molec-ular subtypes of IDC. This has tremendous clinical significance in the early diagnosis of IDC, preoperative, intraoperative and prognosis evaluation of IDC patients.

Aim To explore the effect of Procyanidin from Vaccinium(PC) on the myocardial fibrosis and its mechanism.Methods The model of myocardial fibrosis in rats was built by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline(Iso) for 5 mg?kg-1?d-1 in vivo.Meanwhile,rats were treated with PC 100,200 and 400 mg?kg-1?d-1 by gastrointestinal administration.The contents of hydroxyproline(Hyp),malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in left ventricle were assayed with spectrophotometry respectively.Changes of myocardial ultrastructure were observed by electronic microscope.The cultured neonatal rat CFb was isolated by trypsin digestion method.The proliferation of CFb was induced by Angiotensin Ⅱ and assessed by thiazolyl blue(MTT) assay.PC was added in different dosage(25,50 and 100 mmol?L-1).Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen quantification and TGF-?1 levels were determined by the ELISA.Results In vivo,compared with model group,the contents of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde of left ventricle were significantly reduced and the activity of superoxide dismutasein left ventricle was markedly enhanced in PC three groups(P

Objective To investigate the influence of membrane molecular weight cut off in our bioartificial liver(BAL)system.Methods Beagle dogs were used for a model of acute liver failure through D-galactosamine administration.The acute liver failure Beagles were divided into two groups by the membrane molecular weight cut off.Group A was treated with BAL containing 200 kDa retention rating membrane.Group B was treated with BAL containing 1200 kDa retention rating membrane.Each group underwent two six-hour BAL treatments that were performed on day 1 and day 21.BAL medium were examined and levels of IgG,IgM,and complement hemolytic unit of 50％(CH50)antibodies were measured in all Beagles and.Results BAL treatment was associated with a significant decline in levels of CH50.1200 kDa group experienced a significant increase in levels of IgG and IgM after two BAL treatments.Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in BAL medium from 1200 kDa group.Conclusions Xenogeneic immune response in the BAL system was influenced by membrane molecular weight cut off.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of membrane molecular weight cut off on a novel bioartificial liver(BAL) system.MethodsHealthy beagles underwent 6-hour treatment with a BAL containing membrane with 200 kDa retention rating or 1200 kDa retention rating.The functional changes and cell viability were characterized.ResultsHepatocyte performance levels such as albumin secretion,urea synthesis and viability were significantly higher in the 200 kDa retention rating group when compared with the 1200 kDa retention rating group (P＜0.05).Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in the BAL medium from the 1200 kDa retention rating group.Fluorescence microscopy further verified that heavy deposition of canine IgG,IgM and complement (C3) on co-culture cells were obtained after BAL treatment in the 1200 kDa retention rating group.ConclusionsSmall membrane molecular weight cut off of BAL could reduce the transfer of xenoreactive antibodies into the BAL medium and improved the performance of the BAL.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate protein loss in critically ill patients with acute renal failure during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and analysis the major factor impacting protein clearance.

METHODSA analysis was carried out in eighteen (twelve male and six female) sepsis or severe acute pancreatitis patients with acute renal failure from September 2008 to September 2009. The average age was 45 years (39 - 62 years). CVVH was conducted for 24 h in all patients. Effluent volume, blood speed, ultrafiltration rate and transmembrane pressure (TMP) were 4000 ml/h, (277 ± 89) ml/h, (179 ± 4) ml/min and (173 ± 48) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) respectively. Blood samples were collected before and after filtration in order to detect protein concentration. Ultrafiltrate was obtained hourly to measure protein concentration and calculate protein loss during session.

RESULTSMean protein concentration was (231 ± 67) mg/L and protein loss was (22 ± 6) g/d in ultrafiltrate samples. The difference in serum protein level during hemofiltration was not significant [(56 ± 6) g/L vs. (55 ± 10) g/L, P > 0.05], while there was a weak, but statistically significant correlation between the ultrafiltrate protein concentration and the corresponding value for serum protein (r = 0.481, P < 0.05). However, there was a strong and statistically significant correlation between the ultrafiltrate protein concentration and the TMP (r = 0.564, P < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that TMP and serum protein concentration played a pivotal role in ultrafiltrate protein loss.

CONCLUSIONSIn addition to renal replacement therapy, serum protein would be cleared through hemofilter during CVVH. TMP and serum protein concentration are the main factors that affect protein loss in ultrafiltrate. As a result, it is necessary to take account of the protein loss in ultrafiltrate when setting nutritional schedule.

Acute Kidney Injury ; therapy ; Adult ; Blood Proteins ; deficiency ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; etiology ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo detect the effect and mechanism of procyanidin foom vaccinium (PC) on myocardial fibrosis in rats.

METHODThe myocardial fibrosis model in rats was built by subcutaneous injection of 5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of isoprenaline (Iso) for 7 days in vivo while intragastrically administrating PC 100, 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 14 days. Following the model was established, myocardial indexes (heart weight/body weight, HW/BW and left ventricalar weight/body weight, LVW/BW) were measured. Besides, angiotensin II and I , III collagen quantification levels in blood serum were determined respectively by ELISA. The change in the content of nitric oxide (NO) in blood serum was determined with colorimetry. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in left ventricle was assayed with spectrophotometry. The contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in blood serum were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the myocardial indexes, the contents of I , III collagen quantification, angiotensin II in blood serum and malondialdehyde in left ventricle were markedly increased and the content of nitric oxide in blood serum was decreased, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in blood serum were markedly increased in Iso model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the myocardial indexes were decreased, the contents of I , III collagen quantification, angiotensin II in blood serum were reduced in PC 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of nitric oxide in blood serum was increased, the content of malondialdehyde in left ventricle was markedly decreased, the contents of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in blood serum were markedly decreased in PC three groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONPC could inhibit collagen synthesis by decreasing angiotensin II level and increasing the content of nitric oxide and antioxidation, and thereby inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and protect myocardium in rats.

Angiotensins ; blood ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Biflavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Catechin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Endomyocardial Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Isoproterenol ; adverse effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Proanthocyanidins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vaccinium ; chemistry ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

Objective Todescribethemonthlyincidencedistributionofhand-foot-mouthdisease(HFMD)from2010to 2012inZhoushancityandtoanalyzetheseasonaltrendandthecausesofpeakchanges.Methods Circulardistribution method was used to identify the peak period of HFMD incidence.Watson -William test and Watson's U2 test were applied for comparing the peak periods respectively.Chi -square test was conducted to analyze and compare the distribution of HFMDpathogenindifferentyearsandBonferronimethodwasusedformultiplecomparisons.Results Therewasseasonal centralized tendency of HFMD incidence during 2010 to 2012 (P<0.01).The peak period occurred between 8th of May and 1st of September which showed a significant difference among three years (P<0.01).Specifically,the peak period in 2012 was earlier than that in 2010 and 201 1 (both P<0.01 ).Among the 356 reported cases with laboratory confirmed, there was significant difference between the distribution of HFMD pathogen by Chi -square test (P <0.01 ).The predominant strain was EV71 in 2010 and 2011 accounting for 58.46%and 64.62%respectively and other enteric viruses in 2012 accounting for 48.84%.The ratio of pathogens in 2012 was statistically different from that in 2010 and 201 1 respectively(bothP<0.01).Conclusion HFMDcasesoccurwithobviouspeakseason,regionalandgeographic differences.The major pathogens of EV71 in 2010 and 2011 were changed into other enteric viruses in 2012.

Taenia pisiformis is one of the most important parasites of canines and rabbits. T. pisiformis cysticercus (the larval stage) causes severe damage to rabbit breeding, which results in huge economic losses. In this study, the genetic variation of T. pisiformis was determined in Sichuan Province, China. Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) (922 bp) gene were amplified in 53 isolates from 8 regions of T. pisiformis. Overall, 12 haplotypes were found in these 53 cytb sequences. Molecular genetic variations showed 98.4% genetic variation derived from intra-region. F(ST) and Nm values suggested that 53 isolates were not genetically differentiated and had low levels of genetic diversity. Neutrality indices of the cytb sequences showed the evolution of T. pisiformis followed a neutral mode. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no correlation between phylogeny and geographic distribution. These findings indicate that 53 isolates of T. pisiformis keep a low genetic variation, which provide useful knowledge for monitoring changes in parasite populations for future control strategies.
Animals ; China ; Cytochromes b/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rabbits ; Taenia/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Taeniasis/*parasitology

OBJECTIVETo explore targets of Chinese herbal medicine at cellular and molecular leve1s through an experimental study on Yinxingye Capsule (YC) intervening vascular endothelial cell apoptoeis of hyperhornocysteinemia (HHcy) rats.

METHODSThe HHcy model was prepared in male Wistar rats. Totally 42 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the control group (n =10), the model group (n = 11), the YC group (n =11), the folic acid group (n =10). Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solution (1%) was administered to rats in the control group by gastrogavage.3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg was administered to rats in the model group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and folic acid suspension at 0. 06 g/kg was administered to rats in the folic acid group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and YC at 0. 02 g/kg was administered to rats in the YC group by gastrogavage. Morphological changes of aortic tissue were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level was detected in each group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta on different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (Ach) were detected. Gene expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), c-Fos, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSPathological results showed that thickening aortic endothelium, swollen and desquamated endothelial cells. Few foam cells could be seen in the model group. Myoma-like proliferation of smooth muscle cells in tunica media could also be seen. These pathological changes were milder in the YC group and the folic acid group. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy levels increased in the model group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach and 10(-7) -10(-3)mol/L SNP all decreased in the model group (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS increased, but c-IAP2 gene expressions decreased in the model group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, plasma Hcy levels decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at various SNP concentrations except 10(-6) mol/L SNP in the folic acid group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach (all P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group, but c-IAP2 gene expression increased in the folic acid group (all P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONYC could reduce plasma Hcy levels, down-regulate gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS, thereby reducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, improving vascular endothelial function, and delaying atherosclerotic process.

Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; drug therapy ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitroprusside ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

Objective:To investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following pancreaticoduodenectomy and related risk factors in elderly patients.Methods:The clinical data of elderly patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected retrospectively. According to the changes of serum creatinine within 48 h or 7 days after operation, the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group. The basic clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the incidence of AKI was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative AKI.Results:A total of 322 elderly patients were enrolled, with age of (67.1±5.2) years old (60-85 years old) and 186 males (57.76%). Among 322 elderly patients, there were 41 patients (12.73%) suffering from AKI following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Compared with the non-AKI group, the level of bilirubin in AKI group was higher ( Z=-2.012, P=0.044), and the level of hemoglobin in AKI group was lower ( Z=-2.111, P=0.035). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased preoperative total bilirubin ( OR=1.003, 95% CI 1.000-1.006, P=0.027) and postoperative exploratory laparotomy ( OR=3.936, 95% CI 1.071-14.460, P=0.039) were the independent influencing factors for AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients. Conclusions:The incidence of AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients is 12.73%. Preoperative high bilirubin and postoperative exploratory laparotomy may be the independent risk factors for AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients.