In recent ten years, general practitioner (GP) training and practice develops rapidly in China. It has established a relatively complete GP training system, including medical college education and standardized residency training. However, the path of continuing professional development and clinical skills improvement for GP after standardized residency training is still unclear. The concept of GP with special interest (GPSI) has been proposed these days, and it has put forward a new development direction for the career path of GP. In this article, on the basis of understanding the current status of GPSI in China, we try to discuss its advantages and problems, and then propose our suggestions for its future development.

Objective To better promote the health education and health promotion among patients with chronic disease, general practitioners (GPs) in the community should master the knowledge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This paper aimed to describe the current situation of GPs' knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were issued to 1 077 GPs in community health service centers, and all GPs finished the questionnaire without assistance. The content of questionnaire includes the general information of GPs and six questions focusing on NCDs. Results Overall, 1 076 GPs completed the questionnaire, and the response rate was 99.9% (1 076/1 077). With regard to the six questions about NCDs, 90.4% (973/1 076) of GPs were well aware of the diagnosis of hypertension. Apart from that, the knowledge of diabetes mellitus (60.9%, 655/1 076), factors related to NCDs (70.2%, 755/1 076), the concepts of mental illness (52.0%, 560/1 076) and the clinical significance of tumor markers (87.9%, 946/1 076) among GPs were adequate, while more than half of the GPs did not know a lot about home oxygen therapy. Conclusion The mastering level of knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs among GPs varies that they need further improvement.

Objective To investigate the in vitro effects of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) on Th17 cells of the human peripheral blood.Methods The density gradient centrifugation combined with lymphocyte separation medium was used to isolate hBMSC,which were then cultured.Cytokine IL-17 in the peripheral blood from a healthy person was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Proportion of Th17 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The expression level of IL-17 in spent culture supernatant of the healthy person PBMC and AML hBMSC was (292.32±37.25) pg/ml,and was significantly higher than that of the healthy person PBMC and healthy hBMSC [(169.64±17.47) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01].There was no significant difference between the expression level of IL-17 in spent culture supernatant of the healthy person PBMC and ALL hBMSC [(159.89±23.71) pg/ml] and the level of the healthy person PBMC and hBMSC.The percentages of Th17 cells of co-culture systems from hBMSC,ALL-hBMSC,and AML-hBMSC and PBMC were (10.13±2.19) ％,(13.77±4.04) ％ and (21.53±5.05) ％,respectively,with the result between AML patients and healthy people being statistically different (P ＜ 0.01).ALL patients and healthy people showed no difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion AML-hBMSC promotes the CD~ T cells to generate Th17 cells,which suggests that the MSC from AML marrow may play a role in the regulation of immune suppression.

To study the characteristics of pharmacological effects of property combinations of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) distributing in the stomach meridian based on medicinal property combination, in order to further define the association relationship between properties of TCMs and their pharmacological effects, and build a bridge for the interpenetration and combination between the medicinal property theory of TCMs and their pharmacological effects. On the basis of the studies on the medicinal property theory of TCMs distributing along the kidney meridian and their pharmacological effects, efforts were made to collect relevant data for medicinal properties and pharmacological effects and mine the characteristics of pharmacological effects that were corresponding to relevant medicinal property combination by processing materials related to medicinal properties and pharmacological effects with the association rules method. According to the analysis, TCMs distributing along the kidney meridian with different medicinal property combinations were significantly differentiated in the pharmacological effects, but shared identical pharmacological effects, such as immunological enhancement. In this study, TCMs distributing along the kidney meridian with different medicinal property combinations were taken as the carriers to closely integrate the traditional Chinese medicine theory with the modem study achievements, lay a solid foundation for further developing and enriching the traditional Chinese medical property theory, while providing a new perspective on the development of modem medicine.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; Meridians

Objective:To investigate the role of C3a,C5a and their receptors in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods:A total of twenty-eight 6-8 weeks old female BALB/c mice were investigated.And they were negative control group , WT group,C3aR-/-group,C5aR-/-group(the latter three groups were named as experimental groups ),seven mice in each group.All the mice were infected through respiratory tract with infectious SV (experimental groups) or PBS(negative control group),combined with tail vein challenge to make IgAN animal model.Testing 24 h total urinary protein , serum urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine ( Cr ) , using direct immunofluorescence to test the renal deposition of IgA and C 3,observing renal pathologic lesion under PAS staining with light microscopy.RT-qPCR was used to test the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1.Results: After 15 weeks,the level of UTP in experimental group was significantly higher than negative control group ,and the same results as WT group than C3aR-/-group and C5aR-/-group.There was no significant difference among groups for BUN and Cr.Combined with negative control group , experimental groups had significant renal pathological lesions , and the changes of WT group was more severe than C3aR-/-group and C5aR-/-group.The results of relative mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1 was the same as the level of 24 h UTP,at the same time,the relative mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,MCP-1 in C3aR-/-group was significantly less than C5aR-/-group.Conclusion:The deficiency of C3a/C5a receptors can protect kidney from injury in IgAN ,and C3a receptor has more significant role in protect kidney from injury in IgAN.

Objective To investigate the status of nurses' resilience and to explore the related factors.Methods 1356 nurses from 11 level Ⅱ and level Ⅲ hospitals of Guangzhou were assessed by using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of Conner-Davidson resilience scale.Results The score of nurses' resilience was(59.99±13.59)points and it was significantly lower than that of the domestic norm.There was statistical difference of the score of nurses' resilience on different genders,educational background,professional titles,hospital level and night shifts.There was a positive correlation among educational background,night shifts and nurses' resilience,and a negative correlation between hospital level and nurses' resilience.The hospital level,night shifts and educational background were the influencing factors of nurses' resilience.Conclusions The level of nurses' resilience is low.The higher hospital level and educational background,and the less night shift,the higher of nurses' resilience.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between pharmacological effects and properties of traditional Chinese medicine by the decision tree algorithm.

METHODBased on of pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine, the decision tree algorithm was applied in the study on the relationship between pharmacological effects and properties of traditional Chinese medicines. A model was established with the decision tree algorithm for the purpose of predicting the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

RESULTThe established model was reliable and stable, and could be used to predict the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

CONCLUSIONThe prediction for the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components with a decision tree model could reflect the theoretical connotation of the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components to some extent and provide a new method for studying the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

Aluminum ; toxicity ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of erlotinib on proliferation and differentiation of JAK2V617F-positive cells in vitro, and to provide experimental evidence of erlotinib for potential target therapy in polycythemia vera. Colony forming assays were used to detect the effect of erlotinib on differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow of polycythemia vera patients, and MTT method was used to measure the proliferation of HEL cell line containing the JAK2V617F mutation. The results showed that erlotinib 5 µmol/L inhibited the differentiation of JAK2V617F-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells into hematopoietic colonies in vitro, while it had almost no effect on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells from the patients. Erlotinib had inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HEL cell line in a dose dependent manner. The IC(50) was 4.1 µmol/L. It is concluded that erlotinib can inhibit proliferation and differentiation of JAK2V617F-positive cells to a certain extent in vitro.
Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Polycythemia Vera ; pathology ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology

To optimize the immunization strategy against HIV-1, a DNA vaccine was combined with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rTV) vaccine and a protein vaccine. Immune responses against HIV-1 were detected in 30 female guinea pigs divided into six groups. Three groups of guinea pigs were primed with HIV-1 DNA vaccine three times, boosted with rTV at week 14, and then boosted with gp140 protein at intervals of 4, 8 or 12 weeks. Simultaneously, the other three groups of animals were primed with rTV vaccine once, and then boosted with gp140 after 4, 8 or 12 weeks. The HIV-1 specific binding antibody and neutralizing antibody, in addition to the relative affinity of these antibodies, were detected at different time points after the final administration of vaccine in each group. The DNA-rTV-gp140 immune regimen induced higher titers and affinity levels of HIV-1 gp120/gp140 antibodies and stronger V1V2-gp70 antibodies than the rTV-gp140 regimen. In the guinea pigs that underwent the DNA-rTV-gp140 regimen, the highest V1V2-gp70 antibody was induced in the 12-week-interval group. However, the avidity of antibodies was improved in the 4-week-interval group. Using the rTV-gp140 immunization strategy, guinea pigs boosted at 8 or 12 weeks after rTV priming elicited stronger humoral responses than those boosted at 4 weeks after priming. In conclusion, this study shows that the immunization strategy of HIV-1 DNA vaccine priming, followed by rTV and protein vaccine boosting, could strengthen the humoral response against HIV-1. Longer intervals were better to induce V1V2-gp70-specific antibodies, while shorter intervals were more beneficial to enhance the avidity of antibodies.
AIDS Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; DNA, Viral ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization ; methods ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccinia virus ; genetics ; immunology ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology