Objective To prepare and identify the andrographolide-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin(an- drographolide-HP-?-CD)inclusion compound.The tool ratio between andrographolide and HP-?-CD and the thermodynamic constants in inclusion were studied simultaneously.Methods The andrographolide- HP-?-CD inclusion compound was prepared with lyophilization technique.Meanwhile,the inclusion com- pound was identified by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)methods,infrared spectrometry(IR),and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The tool ratio between host and guest moleculars and the thermo- dynamic constants during the inclusion process were also researched by phase solubility method.Results An 1:1 molar ratio inclusion complex of andrographolide with HP-?-CD could be formed at 25,35,and 45 C.The phase diagram was A_L type and the procedure of inclusion was a heat release process.Conclusion The solubility of andrographolide-HP-?-CD inclusion compound can be increased obviously by the above- mentioned preparing techniques.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation process and quality standard of ondansetron hydrochloride dispersible tablets METHODS:The content of ondansetron in the dispersible tablets was determined by UV-spectrophotometry RESULTS:The linear range was 4 0～16 5?g/ml,the average recovery was 99 97% with RSD of 0 35% CONCLUSION:The preparation process of ondansetron hydrochloride dispersible tablets is simple and the quality of dispersible tablets is controllable

Objective To study the genotype distribution of insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2)gene 1057G/A polymorphism in Han population from Southwest China,and to explore its association with the metabolism of glucose and lipids,insulin resistance and islet?-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Methods A total of 929 Hans[462 patients with type 2 diabetes(DM group) and 164 subjects with IGT(IGT group)and 303 normal controls(NC group)]from Chongqing and nearby regions were screened for 1057G/A polymorphism of IRS-2 gene by PCR-RFLP assay.Body mass index(BMI),plasma glucose,serum insulin and lipid profile,high-sensitive C-reactive protein(hsCRP)and non-esterified fatty acid were measured.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and disposition index(DI)were used to estimate insulin resistance and?-cell function respectively.Results In DM group,A allele frequency was significantly lower than that in NC group(0.326 vs 0.388,X~2=6.19,P=0.01).Compared with NC group,AA genotype frequeney was lower and GG genotype frequeney was higher in DM group(0.104 vs 0.135 and 0.452 vs 0.360 respectively,X~2=6.80,P

Here, we aimed to study the effect of the forkhead box O1-insulin receptor substrate 2 (FOXO1-IRS2) gene interaction and the FOXO1 and IRS2 genes-environment interaction for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Chinese Han population. We genotyped 7 polymorphism sites of FOXO1 gene and IRS2 gene in 780 unrelated Chinese Han people (474 cases of T2DM, 306 cases of healthy control). The risk of T2DM in individuals with AA genotype for rs7986407 and CC genotype for rs4581585 in FOXO1 gene was 2.092 and 2.57 times higher than that with GG genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.092; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.178–3.731; P = 0.011) and TT genotype (OR = 2.571; 95% CI = 1.404–4.695; P = 0.002), respectively. The risk of T2DM in individuals with GG genotype for Gly1057Asp in IRS2 gene was 1.42 times higher than that with AA genotype (OR = 1.422; 95% CI = 1.037–1.949; P = 0.029). The other 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had no significant association with T2DM (P > 0.05). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis showed that the interaction between SNPs rs7986407 and rs4325426 in FOXO1 gene and waist was the best model confirmed by interaction analysis, closely associating with T2DM. There was an increased risk for T2DM in the case of non-obesity with genotype combined AA/CC, AA/AC or AG/AA for rs7986407 and rs4325426, and obesity with genotype AA for rs7986407 or AA for rs4325426 (OR = 3.976; 95% CI = 1.156–13.675; P value from sign test [P(sign)] = 0.025; P value from permutation test [P(perm)] = 0.000–0.001). Together, this study indicates an association of FOXO1 and IRS2 gene polymorphisms with T2DM in Chinese Han population, supporting FOXO1-obesity interaction as a key factor for the risk of T2DM.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction ; Obesity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

The aim of this study was to establish a diagnostic method for ABO genotyping and to investigate the distribution of ABO genotype in Beijing Han population so as to understand the distribution characteristics and regularity of ABO genotype. An ABO genotyping method was established by using multiplex-PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP techniques, and the ABO allele frequency in Beijing Han population was investigated. The results showed that A102, O1 and B allele were more common genes in Beijing Han individuals. And A102 allele was predominant in the phenotype A group in this population. Three O2 alleles were found and no A201 allele was found while gene frequency investigation was performed. No A101A101, A101O2, A102O2, BO2 and O2O2 in this population were discovered. It is concluded that the primary regularity of ABO allele distribution in Beijing Han population is found through this study. It provides basic reference for further study of ABO types.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore whether bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) from adult mice can be induced to differentiate into hepatocytes by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) alone and the time phase characteristics in the differentiation progress.

METHODSAdult mouse MSCs were treated with or without 100 ng/ml HGF, on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The morphologic characteristics of the cells were examined; the albumin (ALB), AFP mRNA was analyzed sub-quantively using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immumohistochemistry techniques. The expression of ALB, AFP and CK19 were detected by using anti-ALB, AFP and CK19 antibodies.

RESULTSFreshly isolated adult mouse MSCs expressed ALB and AFP mRNA weakly; in the group without HGF, no ALB mRNA was detected on day 7. The expression of AFP mRNA was reduced significantly on day 7, and could not be detected anymore after day 14. In the HGF treated group, ALB mRNA was not detected on day 7, but the positive lane appeared again on day 14, and the expression of ALB mRNA was increased on day 21 but reduced in the following days. The AFP mRNA was positive at all times, however it tended to decrease after day 14 in the HGF treated groups. The result of immumohistochemistry was consistent with that of RT-PCR, and CK19 was always negative.

CONCLUSIONAdult mouse MSCs can be induced into hepatocyte differentiation in vitro. The optimal time for the induction was 2 to 3 weeks.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Time Factors

Animals ; DNA, Fungal ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Polymerase II ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the three species of oral Actinomyces have inhibitory effects on the growth of oral Candida albicans in vitro.

METHODSStraight o'clock method was used to observe the bacteriostasis circle. Reverse o'clock and mixed culture method were used to study the quantitative changes of Candida albicans colony respectively.

RESULTS(1) None of the groups had been viewed the bacteriostasis circle. (2) Compared with control groups, there was a significant decrease of Candida albicans colony on Actinomyces viscosus TPY soft agar (P < 0.05). Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus TPY soft agar were both devoid of obvious Candida albicans colony (P < 0.01). The former group (Actinomyces viscosus) and the two latter groups (Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus) showed a striking contrast (P < 0.01). (3) Compared with control groups, a decrease of Candida albicans showed up in the mixed culture, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The discrepancies among the three experimental groups were of no statistical value (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOral Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. However, which of them contributed more to the inhibitory effects was still not affirmed.

Actinomyces ; Actinomyces viscosus ; Candida albicans ; In Vitro Techniques

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of virtual reality (VR) training on the gross motor function of the lower limb and the fine motor function of the upper limb in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy.

METHODSThirty-five children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to VR training group (n=19) and conventional training group (n=16). The conventional training group received conventional physical therapy and occupational therapy for three months. The VR training group received VR training and occupational therapy for three months. Grip and visual-motor integration subtests in Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 were used to evaluate the fine movement in patients before and after treatment. The D and E domains of the 88-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to evaluate the gross movement in patients before and after treatment.

RESULTSBefore treatment, there were no significant differences in grip, visual-motor integration, fine motor development quotient, scores of D and E domains of GMFM-88, MAS score, or BBS score between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, all the indices were significantly improved in the VR training group compared with the conventional training group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSVR training can effectively improve the gross motor function of the lower limb and the fine motor function of the upper limb in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy.

Cerebral Palsy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Extremities ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Movement ; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Limitations of polyacrylamide gel or agarose gel electrophoretic methods in genotyping research affect the interpreting of detection results. In order to develop a simple and reliable method for appraising results of ABO genotyping detection, the microfluidic chip analysis system was established by using microfluidic chip to replace the gel electrophoresis and combining with multiplex-PCR-RFLP technique. 150 blood samples were tested by this microfluidic chip analysis system with multiplex-PCR-RFLP technique to evaluate its stability and accuracy. The results showed that all the testing results were consistent with serologic ABO genotyping results and 1 blood sample with decrease of B antigen caused by CML was identified. In conclusion, the established microfluidic chip analysis system is stable and reliable technique. Application of this technique enables the ABO genotyping results to be more objective and accurate.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; methods ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Microfluidics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis