Objective To discuss morphology and biomechanics of the sacrum fractures so as to provide scientific basis for corresponding clinical treatment. Methods A total of 10 fresh pelvis specimens were collected for dynamic impact test and static destruction test, in the former one of which, the dynamic parameters were measured to make sure the dynamic characters of the fractures. Meanwhile, the fractures of the sacrum wing, the sacral foramina and the sacrum edge were made decalcification, slice of paraffin wax and staining (Masson, Mallory, HE) in order to make a cytological observation of the tissue. Results (1) The form of sacrum fracture or acetabulum fracture, crista iliaceis fracture was relevant to the impact energy. Low impact energy usually caused fractures of the ilium, acetabulum or sacroiliac crest. High impact energy resulted in following three kinds of fractures, just as the classification of Denis: sacral ala fractures belonged to typeⅠfractures, sacral hiatus fractures to type Ⅱ fractures and central vertebral canal fractures to type Ⅲ fractures. All three types of fractures might involve lateral or bilateral nerve roots. (2) There was a significant mechanic difference in regard of the mechanism of both dynamic destruction and static destruction of pelvis, ie, not only the limit pressure differed but also the former increased rapidly with the higher rate of the strain. The clash energy beyond 25 J would beget the cleft fractures of the sacrum via sacrum hiatus and even involve the nerve roots. The clash energy under 20 J usually resulted in fractures of the ilium and the sacrum. The clash energy between 20 J and 25 J more easily caused type Ⅰ fractures. While fracture of the ilium and the acetabulum would happen most in static destruction. (3) The cross section of the sacrum was cracked and the bone board of Haversian system is brittle, as led to separation of bone board and malposition of a few cross bone boards. Conclusions Under dynamic state, the sacrum fractures mostly belong to type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ (Denis classification of sacral fractures), usually involving the nerve roots. The sacrum fracture is relevant to the microstructure, the distribution of the bone trabecula, the osseous lacuna and the Haversian system of the sacrum. The fractures of the ilium and the acetabulum more frquently appear in static state, with slight wound of peripheral tissues.

Objective To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavone on histology and uhrastructure of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Methods Male SD rats were injected subcutaneously testosterone propionate for 28 d to induce prostatic hyperplasia,and the rats were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,and 3 test groups with SI in a dose of 60 mg/(kg·d),120 mg/(kg·d) and 240 mg/(kg·d),respectively.The wet prostate weight,prostatic index,morphological,uhrastmetural and morphometrie changes of the prostatic shndular and interstitial tissues were observed.Results The prostate wet weight,prostatic index and prostatic volumes in all dose groups were significantly lower than those in the models.In comparison with the model group,height of prostatic epithelial cells,glandular average diameters,volumes and surface areas in unit volume,as well as glandular circumferences,glandular relative total volumes and interstitial relative total volumes were all significantly decreased.Glandular counts,density,ratio of glandular surface area to volume,and glandular average curvature were all increased.Conclusions Soybean isoflavone can inhibit prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To study the effects of salt sensitivity on evolution of blood pressure and develope- ment to hypertension from adolescents to youth.Methods A baseline survey was carried out in 4623 adolescents aged 6-15 years old in Hanzhong rural area in 1987,310 of them were recruited for determination of salt sensitiv- ity using the tests of oral saline load and furosemide sodium-volume depletion.Salt sensitivity (SS) were diag- nosed in 101 while 209 subjects as no-sah sensitivity (NSS).This cohort of adolescents were followed up for av- erage 18 years.Results The response rate for this cohort of adolescents was 71.9%.At the end of follow up period,BP in subjects with baseline SS was higher in youth than that in NSS (SBP:122.9?13.1 vs 117.3?12.4, P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of electro-acupuncture to improve the bladder function after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSSixty healthy adult male SD rats of SPF grade, with body weight of 220 to 250 g, one week after feeding adaptation, were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, electro-acupuncture control group with 15 rats in each group. Sham operation group underwent no stimulation, and the moderate damage model of spinal cord injury were made in other three groups according to modified Allens method. The model group were not treated, electro-acupuncture group were treated with electro-acupuncture on Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue, and electro-acupuncture control group were treated with electro-acupuncture on 0.5 inch next to Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue. The frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 1 mA, stimulation time of 15 min, once a day, left and right alternately stimulate every time, for a total of 7 times. The changes of residual urine volume and urine output in rats at the 1st and the 7th days after operation were observed. And 7 d later, the rats were sacrificed and the injured spinal cord were taken out to observe the apoptosis, and to detect the changes of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad content.

RESULTSAfter modeling,the rats of three groups showed different bladder dysfunction. In electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group, the residual urine volume of the 7th day after operation was significant lower than the 1st day after operation (P < 0.001), and there was statistically significant difference on the 7th day after operation between two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with model group, the urine output of electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significantly increased on the 7th day after operation, and there was sig- nificant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.001). Electro-acupuncture can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord neurons by TUNEL detection. Postoperative at 7 d, the rate of nerve cell apoptosis in electro -acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significant increased than model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.005). Compared with model group, the positive expression rate of Bax, Bad decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 increased (P < 0.01) in electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group,there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectro-acupuncture can obviously promote the repair of acute spinal cord injury,its mechanism may be through increasing Bcl-2, inhibiting the expression of Bax, Bad, which inhibits the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electroacupuncture ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the effect of a novel orthopedic biomaterial,graded composite zireonia(ZrO2)hydroxyapatite(HAP)on activity of rat osteoblast ceils(OB)cultured in vitro. Methods The pure zirconia material was used as control to measure surface roughness of the composite material that was examined by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraetometer (XRD).The rat osteoblast cells were cultured on the two materials.Alkali phosphatase(ALP)of the two groups was measured and ELISA was used to detect IL-6 and TGF-?eoncentration of the supematant of OB cells.Tumor growth factor-?(TGF-?)mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.SEM was used to observe OB cells on the two materials.The extract of the composite material was used for a eytotoxicity test to cal- culate the relative proliferation rate(RGR)and classify the toxicity.Results The surface roughness of the gradual composite materials was significantly higher than that of the control materials(P＜0.01). The ALP of the gradual material group was markedly higher than that of the control group at different in- tervals.There was significant difference of the IL-6 and TGF-?concentrations 2-4 days after culture be- tween two groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The mRNA level of TGF-?of the two OB groups also showed marked statistical difference(P＜0.01).The ossification of the OB cells on the composed material was marked after 14 days.The MTT color experiments showed no statistic significance between materials group and negative group,with the toxicity at levelⅠand 0(P＜0.05).Conclusion Graded composite ZrO2 HAP can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of OB cells cultured in vitro and has good biocompatibility.

Objective To evaluate the application of double stapling technique using curved cutter stapler in colorectal anastomosis,especially to the low colorectal anastomosis.Methods The data of 52 caseS of rectal carcinoma from October 2005 to September 2006 undergone rectal anastomosis by double stapling technique using curred cutter stapler. Results The processes of closure and anastomosis in the 52 cases using double stapling device were satisfactory.One case had anastomotic leakage(1.9％)，2 cases had anastomotic bleeding(3.8％)，and 1 case had rectovaginal fistula(1.9％).No anastomotic narrow and operative death were noted.Conclusion Double stapling technique with curred cutter stapler may help surgeons to accomplish low colorectal anastomosis which is difficult to perform by handed-suture before.

Objective To evaluate the application of double stapling technique using curved cutter stapler in colorectal anastomosis,especially to the low colorectal anastomosis.Methods The data of 52 caseS of rectal carcinoma from October 2005 to September 2006 undergone rectal anastomosis by double stapling technique using curred cutter stapler. Results The processes of closure and anastomosis in the 52 cases using double stapling device were satisfactory.One case had anastomotic leakage(1.9％)，2 cases had anastomotic bleeding(3.8％)，and 1 case had rectovaginal fistula(1.9％).No anastomotic narrow and operative death were noted.Conclusion Double stapling technique with curred cutter stapler may help surgeons to accomplish low colorectal anastomosis which is difficult to perform by handed-suture before.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic mechanism of point 8L54-through-point ST2S acupuncture with elongate needles in treating urinary retention after spinal cord injury.

METHODSThirty-five healthy Japanese rabbits (weight 2.5 +/- 0.25 kg, 3 months old, male or female), used as experimental subjects, were divided into 4 groups involving blank group, model group, acupuncture group, elongate needles group (5 rabbits in blank group, 10 rabbits in each of the other group 10). Modified Allen's method was used to cause spinal cord injury model for the model group, the acupuncture group and the elongate needles group, the blank group was only sham surgery. Immediately after spinal cord injury model,the elongated needle group was given the bilateral acupoints of the elongated needle penetration needling and electric stimulation, electrical stimulation 15 mm stimulation frequency of 20 to 40 times/mm, intensity 1.5 to 3 V the acupuncture group immediately was given ordinary electric needle acupuncture, given other disposals as the elongated needle group; model group was not given electric needle acupuncture, waiting 15 minutes, started to detect and record the observed indicator as the elongated needle group; the blank group was only sham surgery. The following indicators including the Tarlov score ,urinary bladder pressure point, the threshold urination, voided volume, were observed in the first day and the fifth day after surgery.

RESULTSThree groups of animals which modeled were urinary retention after operation. Compared to 1 d, Tarlov score of model group, acupuncture group and elongate needles group significantly improved at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05). Compared with acupuncture group, the Tarlov score of elongate needles group had no significant difference at postoperative 5 d (P > 0.05). Compared with model group, values of urinary bladder pressure point decreased with varying degrees in the acupuncture group and elongate needles group at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the point of the bladder voiding pressure in the elongate needles group decreased more significantly at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); compared with model group, micturition threshold of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had been significantly improved at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the improvement is more obvious in the elongate needles group. Compared with model group, voided volume of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had increased significantly at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the increment is more evident in the elongate needles group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo treat urinary retention after spinal cord injury, the method, which was point-through-point acupuncture with elongate needles in the "Zhibian" and "Shuidao", was better than general acupuncture method. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to stimulate peripheral nerve of bladder, and to rectify the dysfunction between detrusor and sphincter.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Urinary Retention ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of mild hypothermia therapy on severe brain-injured patients whose intracranial pressure (ICP) could be maintained below 25 mm Hg.

METHODSForty severe brain-injured patients with ICP below 25 mm Hg were divided randomly into one treatment group (n=20, mild hypothermia therapy) and one control group (n=20, normothermia therapy) to observe the changes of the concentration of excitatory amino acids (glutamate and glycine) and cytokines (interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6).

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the daily changes of the concentration of excitatory amino acid and cytokines between two groups. The outcome of two groups had no significant differences.

CONCLUSIONSMild hypothermia has no additional beneficial effects on severe brain-injured patients compared with normothermia therapy if ICP can be maintained below 25 mm Hg by using conventional therapy.

Analysis of Variance ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; therapy ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Treatment Outcome