Objective To discuss morphology and biomechanics of the sacrum fractures so as to provide scientific basis for corresponding clinical treatment. Methods A total of 10 fresh pelvis specimens were collected for dynamic impact test and static destruction test, in the former one of which, the dynamic parameters were measured to make sure the dynamic characters of the fractures. Meanwhile, the fractures of the sacrum wing, the sacral foramina and the sacrum edge were made decalcification, slice of paraffin wax and staining (Masson, Mallory, HE) in order to make a cytological observation of the tissue. Results (1) The form of sacrum fracture or acetabulum fracture, crista iliaceis fracture was relevant to the impact energy. Low impact energy usually caused fractures of the ilium, acetabulum or sacroiliac crest. High impact energy resulted in following three kinds of fractures, just as the classification of Denis: sacral ala fractures belonged to typeⅠfractures, sacral hiatus fractures to type Ⅱ fractures and central vertebral canal fractures to type Ⅲ fractures. All three types of fractures might involve lateral or bilateral nerve roots. (2) There was a significant mechanic difference in regard of the mechanism of both dynamic destruction and static destruction of pelvis, ie, not only the limit pressure differed but also the former increased rapidly with the higher rate of the strain. The clash energy beyond 25 J would beget the cleft fractures of the sacrum via sacrum hiatus and even involve the nerve roots. The clash energy under 20 J usually resulted in fractures of the ilium and the sacrum. The clash energy between 20 J and 25 J more easily caused type Ⅰ fractures. While fracture of the ilium and the acetabulum would happen most in static destruction. (3) The cross section of the sacrum was cracked and the bone board of Haversian system is brittle, as led to separation of bone board and malposition of a few cross bone boards. Conclusions Under dynamic state, the sacrum fractures mostly belong to type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ (Denis classification of sacral fractures), usually involving the nerve roots. The sacrum fracture is relevant to the microstructure, the distribution of the bone trabecula, the osseous lacuna and the Haversian system of the sacrum. The fractures of the ilium and the acetabulum more frquently appear in static state, with slight wound of peripheral tissues.

Objective To investigate the effect of soybean isoflavone on histology and uhrastructure of benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Methods Male SD rats were injected subcutaneously testosterone propionate for 28 d to induce prostatic hyperplasia,and the rats were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,and 3 test groups with SI in a dose of 60 mg/(kg·d),120 mg/(kg·d) and 240 mg/(kg·d),respectively.The wet prostate weight,prostatic index,morphological,uhrastmetural and morphometrie changes of the prostatic shndular and interstitial tissues were observed.Results The prostate wet weight,prostatic index and prostatic volumes in all dose groups were significantly lower than those in the models.In comparison with the model group,height of prostatic epithelial cells,glandular average diameters,volumes and surface areas in unit volume,as well as glandular circumferences,glandular relative total volumes and interstitial relative total volumes were all significantly decreased.Glandular counts,density,ratio of glandular surface area to volume,and glandular average curvature were all increased.Conclusions Soybean isoflavone can inhibit prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; surgery

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Objective To study the effects of salt sensitivity on evolution of blood pressure and develope- ment to hypertension from adolescents to youth.Methods A baseline survey was carried out in 4623 adolescents aged 6-15 years old in Hanzhong rural area in 1987,310 of them were recruited for determination of salt sensitiv- ity using the tests of oral saline load and furosemide sodium-volume depletion.Salt sensitivity (SS) were diag- nosed in 101 while 209 subjects as no-sah sensitivity (NSS).This cohort of adolescents were followed up for av- erage 18 years.Results The response rate for this cohort of adolescents was 71.9%.At the end of follow up period,BP in subjects with baseline SS was higher in youth than that in NSS (SBP:122.9?13.1 vs 117.3?12.4, P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of electro-acupuncture to improve the bladder function after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSSixty healthy adult male SD rats of SPF grade, with body weight of 220 to 250 g, one week after feeding adaptation, were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, electro-acupuncture control group with 15 rats in each group. Sham operation group underwent no stimulation, and the moderate damage model of spinal cord injury were made in other three groups according to modified Allens method. The model group were not treated, electro-acupuncture group were treated with electro-acupuncture on Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue, and electro-acupuncture control group were treated with electro-acupuncture on 0.5 inch next to Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue. The frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 1 mA, stimulation time of 15 min, once a day, left and right alternately stimulate every time, for a total of 7 times. The changes of residual urine volume and urine output in rats at the 1st and the 7th days after operation were observed. And 7 d later, the rats were sacrificed and the injured spinal cord were taken out to observe the apoptosis, and to detect the changes of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad content.

RESULTSAfter modeling,the rats of three groups showed different bladder dysfunction. In electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group, the residual urine volume of the 7th day after operation was significant lower than the 1st day after operation (P < 0.001), and there was statistically significant difference on the 7th day after operation between two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with model group, the urine output of electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significantly increased on the 7th day after operation, and there was sig- nificant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.001). Electro-acupuncture can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord neurons by TUNEL detection. Postoperative at 7 d, the rate of nerve cell apoptosis in electro -acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significant increased than model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.005). Compared with model group, the positive expression rate of Bax, Bad decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 increased (P < 0.01) in electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group,there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectro-acupuncture can obviously promote the repair of acute spinal cord injury,its mechanism may be through increasing Bcl-2, inhibiting the expression of Bax, Bad, which inhibits the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electroacupuncture ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the effect of a novel orthopedic biomaterial,graded composite zireonia(ZrO2)hydroxyapatite(HAP)on activity of rat osteoblast ceils(OB)cultured in vitro. Methods The pure zirconia material was used as control to measure surface roughness of the composite material that was examined by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraetometer (XRD).The rat osteoblast cells were cultured on the two materials.Alkali phosphatase(ALP)of the two groups was measured and ELISA was used to detect IL-6 and TGF-?eoncentration of the supematant of OB cells.Tumor growth factor-?(TGF-?)mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.SEM was used to observe OB cells on the two materials.The extract of the composite material was used for a eytotoxicity test to cal- culate the relative proliferation rate(RGR)and classify the toxicity.Results The surface roughness of the gradual composite materials was significantly higher than that of the control materials(P＜0.01). The ALP of the gradual material group was markedly higher than that of the control group at different in- tervals.There was significant difference of the IL-6 and TGF-?concentrations 2-4 days after culture be- tween two groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The mRNA level of TGF-?of the two OB groups also showed marked statistical difference(P＜0.01).The ossification of the OB cells on the composed material was marked after 14 days.The MTT color experiments showed no statistic significance between materials group and negative group,with the toxicity at levelⅠand 0(P＜0.05).Conclusion Graded composite ZrO2 HAP can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of OB cells cultured in vitro and has good biocompatibility.

OBJECTIVETo establish the rat model of acute spinal cord injury, followed by aprimary study on this model with ¹H NMR based on metabonomics and to explore the metabonomics and biomarkers of spinal cord injury rat.

METHODSTwenty eight-week-old adult male SD rats of clean grade, with body weight of (200±10) g, were divided into sham operation group and model group in accordance with the law of random numbers, and every group had 10 rats. The rats of sham operation group were operated without damaging the spinal cord, and rats of model group were made an animal model of spinal cord incomplete injury according to the modified Allen's method. According to BBB score to observate the motor function of rats on the 1th, 5th, and 7th days after surgery. Postoperative spinal cord tissue was collected in order to pathologic observation at the 7th day, and the metabolic profilings of serum and spinal cord from spinal cord injury rats were studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

RESULTSThe hindlimb motion of rats did not obviously change in sham operation group, there was no significant difference at each time point;and rats of model group occurred flaccid paralysis of both lower extremities, there was a significant difference at each time; there was significant differences between two groups at each time. Pathological results showed the spinal cord structure was normal with uniform innervation in shame group, while in model group, the spinal cord structure was mussy, and the neurons were decreased, with inflammatory cells and necrotic tissue. Analysis of metabonomics showed that concentration of very low density fat protein (VLDL), low density fat protein (LDL), glutamine, citric acid, dimethylglycine (DMG) in the serum and glutathione, 3-OH-butyrate, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glutamic acid, and ascorbate in spinal cord had significant changes(<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere are significant differences in metabolic profile from serum and spinal cord sample between model group and sham operation group, it conduces to explain the changes of small molecular substances in serum and spinal cord tissue after spinal cord injury, this provides the research basis for targeted research on the role of metabolic markers in patients with acute spinal cord injury.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of quantitative analysis software for myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in assessment of myocardial perfusion.Methods According to coronary occlusion and reperfusion at different times,rabbits were divided into two groups:15 min occlusion / 30 min reperfusion (group Ⅰ) and 120 min occlusion / 60 min reperfusion (group Ⅱ).MCE was performed on all rabbits at baseline,occlusion and after reperfusion,and its images were analyzed by a new quantitative analysis software based on eliminating particle swarm optimization (EPSO) clustering algorithm,by which obtain myocardial perfusion parameters.Results (1) The values of calibrated contrast intensity (CI) in risk segments of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly lower than those at baseline during occlusion (t =5.104 and t =4.327,P＜0.01).After reperfusion,calibrated CI in risk segments significantly improved in Group Ⅰ (t =2.933,P＜0.01) while those remained unchanged in Group Ⅱ (P＞0.05).(2) The areas of red-coded region in color-coded map and myocardial infarction in triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) were (21.4±12.3)% and (18.0±9.5)%,respectively.The correlation between color-coded image and TTC was 0.89 (P＜0.01).(3) The histogram in all risk segments was skew distribution during occlusion.After reperfusion,the histogram in Group Ⅰ was normal distribution while that was still skewed distribution in Group Ⅱ.Conclusion The MCE image analysis software based on EPSO clustering algorithm in the quantitative assessment of myocardial microperfusion and identification of myocardial perfusion abnormalities was feasible and of high value.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of mild hypothermia therapy on severe brain-injured patients whose intracranial pressure (ICP) could be maintained below 25 mm Hg.

METHODSForty severe brain-injured patients with ICP below 25 mm Hg were divided randomly into one treatment group (n=20, mild hypothermia therapy) and one control group (n=20, normothermia therapy) to observe the changes of the concentration of excitatory amino acids (glutamate and glycine) and cytokines (interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6).

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the daily changes of the concentration of excitatory amino acid and cytokines between two groups. The outcome of two groups had no significant differences.

CONCLUSIONSMild hypothermia has no additional beneficial effects on severe brain-injured patients compared with normothermia therapy if ICP can be maintained below 25 mm Hg by using conventional therapy.

Analysis of Variance ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; therapy ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Treatment Outcome