This paper aims to analyze Professor Guo Rongjuan's medication experience on insomnia therapy based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Inheritance Support Plat. First, TCM formulae prescribed by Professor Guo for insomnia therapy were collected from the TCM Inheritance Support Plat. Next, unsupervised data mining algorithms, including apriori, modified mutual-information, and entropy clustering of complex system were applied to obtain the frequencies for different herbs and identify the association rules among the herbs. Accordingly, we can gain new insights into Professor Guo's medication experience on insomnia therapy. Based on analysis of 3 084 formulae, we determined the frequencies for herbs in the formulae and identified the association rules among these herbs. At last, 41 core combinations and 7 new formulae were obtained. The identified medication experience conform with Professor Guo's views on the etiology and pathogenesis of insomnia: "pathogenic fire derived from stagnation of liver-QI (Gan Yu Hua Huo)" is the core pathogenesis of insomnia; "liver stagnation and spleen deficiency" and "chronic illness transferred to kidney" are the main features for insomnia. The TCM Inheritance Support Plat is of great practical value for mining clinical experience of famous TCM doctors.
Algorithms ; Data Mining ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; drug therapy

Objective: To develop the ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS ) for the determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids ( PFCAs ) in fish. Methods: The fish samples were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether and purified by WAX columns. The WAX cartridges were rinsed with methanol and 25 mmol/L ammonium acetate, and the target compound residues were eluted with 0.5% ammonia methanol and then redissolved with 50% methanol aqueous solution after nitrogen blowing to nearly dry. Nine kinds of PFCAs were simultaneously quantified by UPLC-MS/MS with 1 mmol/L ammonium acetate-methanol solution as the mobile phase. Results: The extraction was separated well in UPLC BEH C18 column. There were good linear correlations of nine kinds of PFCAs in the range of 1.0-200.0 ng/mL, with the coefficients all more than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.06-0.19 μg/kg and 0.19-0.62 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates were 70.08%-117.24% at different spiked levels ( 5.0, 25.0, 50.0 μg/kg ), and the relative standard deviations were 2.31%-19.68%. Conclusion Through optimizing the pretreatment conditions, the mobile phase of liquid chromatography and the detection conditions of mass spectrometry, the UPLC-MS/MS could meet the monitoring requirements of PFCAs in fish.

Objective To study the effects of salt sensitivity on evolution of blood pressure and develope- ment to hypertension from adolescents to youth.Methods A baseline survey was carried out in 4623 adolescents aged 6-15 years old in Hanzhong rural area in 1987,310 of them were recruited for determination of salt sensitiv- ity using the tests of oral saline load and furosemide sodium-volume depletion.Salt sensitivity (SS) were diag- nosed in 101 while 209 subjects as no-sah sensitivity (NSS).This cohort of adolescents were followed up for av- erage 18 years.Results The response rate for this cohort of adolescents was 71.9%.At the end of follow up period,BP in subjects with baseline SS was higher in youth than that in NSS (SBP:122.9?13.1 vs 117.3?12.4, P

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonically activated hematoporphyrin on ultrastructure of ehrlich ascites tumor(EAT) cells and to evaluate the potential mechanism of action inducing this cytotoxicity. Methods EAT cells in vitro were exposed to ultrasound at 2^0?MHz and 1^5?W/cm+2 for 3?min in the presence or absence of hematoporphyrin.The changes of ultrastructure of sample preparation for different time were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results The degree of destruction of treated EAT cells was enhanced with the increasing of time for the sample preparation.The sites destroyed mainly involved cell membrane,mitochondrion,endoplasmic reticulum and cell nuclei.Furthermore,morphoiogical characters of ultrasound-activated hematoporphyrin induced apoptosis were observed on EAT cells.Conclusion The killing of tumor cells was ascribed mainly to the damage of ultrastructure induced by ultrasound in combined with hematoporphyrin,apoptosis was also induced during ultrasound and hematoporphyrin killing process.;

Cancer immunotherapy is one of the most promising biological therapies. The dynamic changes of the immune microenvironment of heterogeneous tumors are critical factors in determining the interaction and therapeutic efficacy between tumor and immune microenvironment. Therefore, quantitative analysis of its constituent cells, related genes, and phenotypes in real time is of great importance. The methods used to analyze tumor immune microenvironment include immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and so on. With the development of next-generation sequencing technology, transcriptome RNA sequencing data analysis has become one of the important methods to determine the composition of tumor immune microenvironment. This article focuses on the common methods of bulk RNA sequencing data analysis and related research progress.

This study was conducted to investigate the wild and cultivated resource situation of Rheum tanguticum in main production area of China, estimate its reserves, and put forward the feasible approach for the sustainable utilization of R. tanguticum. On the basis of the literature data about R. tanguticum, conbined with interview, investigation and sampling investigation, the total reserve of resources is estimated using the route-quadrat method and the vegetation and soil-type map area method proposed by our research group. The results indicate that there is no obvious change between the present distribution ranges of the wild R. tanguticum and its historical records, but its population density has changed clearly. The reserve of the wild R. tanguticum has seriously declined in lots of place, even faced the exhaustion in some regions. According to the investigation, the resource reserve of the wild R. tanguticum is no more than 5 000 t, and the cultivated is about 1 607 t. The resource reserve of the wild R. tanguticum is nearly depleted, and this suggests that the wild R. tanguticum should be enrolled in the protection plant list, and the cultivated will become the main resource of Rhubarb in the future. So it is extremely neccessary to collect and protect the germplasm resource of R. tanguticum, establish the germplasm nursery and repository, and conduct breeding research on those bases.
China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Rheum ; growth & development

In order to establish the stable andreliable ISSR-PCR System of Lysimachia christinae, L16 (4(5)) orthogonal design, which based on 7 levels of single factor experiment, were used in this study. The variance analysis was carried out by SPSS 19.0, and 5 main factors affecting the reaction system were optimized in 4 levels. The best annealing temperature was selected by the optimized reaction system. And the stability and reliability of this system was tested by 23 samples from different origins. The results showed that the five factors (DNA template, primer, dNTP, Mg2+ and Taq enzyme) were the most impacts on the amplified results of ISSR-PCR of L. christinae. The order of the influence was: primer > Taq enzyme > DNA template > Mg2+ > dNTP. The optimal system, which was determined by multiple comparison on different levels of each factor, was total volume of 25 microL, including DNA template 60 ng, primer 0.3 micromol x L(-1), dNTP 0.2 mmol x L(-1), Mg2+ 1.8 mmol x L(-1), Taq enzyme 1.25 U. The optimal system was stable and reliable tested by 23 samples from different origins. This study lays the foundation for genetic diversity analysis, fine varieties selection and molecular identification of L. christinae, and provides reference for optimization on ISSR-PCR system of other speciesin future.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Primulaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo explore young hypertensive people's vascular endothelial dysfunction and the early atherosclerosis changes.

METHODSRural youth subjects aged 20 to 35 in 6 villages were randomly selected from 20 villages of 3 townships, including Qili, Laojun and Shayan, in Hanzhong, Shanxi, China, from March to April of 2005, to survey their blood pressure and other related factors. 97 subjects with high blood pressure (hypertensive group) were detected while 400 with normal blood pressure (normal group). We measured their brachial artery flow-mediated vascular endothelial-dependent diastolic function (FMD) and the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by high resolution vascular ultrasound method, and other biochemical indexes.

RESULTSThe body mass index (BMI) ((24.7 ± 4.3) kg/m²), waistline ((84.1 ± 11.7) cm), hipline ((92.5 ± 7.4) cm), TC ((4.6 ± 0.8) mmol/L), LDL-C ((2.8 ± 0.5) mmol/L), TG ((1.7 ± 1.1) mmol/L) and the blood insulin (INS) ((8.6 ± 4.4) mIu/L) were all significantly increased in young hypertensive group than those in normotensive group (respectively were (22.1 ± 3.0) kg/m(2), (76.7 ± 8.9) cm, (88.9 ± 5.6) cm, (4.3 ± 0.7) mmol/L, (2.6 ± 0.4) mmol/L, (1.4 ± 0.8) mmol/L and (6.9 ± 2.1) mIu/L) (P < 0.05). The FMD of the brachial artery in hypertensive group was markedly lower than normal group ((0.103 ± 0.04)% and (0.117 ± 0.05)%, P < 0.05). The IMT of two groups were (0.49 ± 0.07) mm and (0.48 ± 0.07) mm, but there was no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONYoung hypertensive people with a few cardiovascular risk factors earlier appear dysfunction of the flow-mediated vascular endothelial-dependent dilation, which is prior to the increase in carotid IMT.

Adult ; Arteries ; pathology ; Atherosclerosis ; pathology ; Blood Pressure ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESalt-sensitivity is associated with more severe target organ injury and higher mortality in patients with essential hypertension. We compared the vascular endothelial function between salt-sensitive subjects (SS) and non-salt-sensitive subjects (NSS) with normal or mildly increased blood pressure.

METHODSNinety-nine subjects (aged 16 - 60 years) with normal blood pressure or mild hypertension (degree 1) were enrolled. The test program included 3 days baseline investigation, 1 week low-salt loading phase and 1 week high-salt loading phase. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery using high resolution ultrasound.

RESULTSThere was 17.2% SS. Plasma NOx level [(61.2 ± 13.3) µmol/L vs (82.5 ± 14.6) µmol/L, P < 0.05] and FMD [(10.2 ± 2.5)% vs (14.5 ± 1.6)%, P < 0.05] were significantly lower in SS subjects than in NSS subjects.

CONCLUSIONVascular endothelial dysfunction was evidenced in SS subjects with normal blood pressure or in the early stage of hypertension.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Case-Control Studies ; Endothelium ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium, Dietary ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Abstract?AIM: To investigate mechanism of bradykinin ( BK) on inflammations of retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) cells.?METHODS: ARPE -19 cells were cultured in vitro, stimulated by 100nM BK for 24h. Cell morphology changes were observed by microscope, and BK receptor localization was detected through cell immunofluorescence. Changes of Ca2+in BK and BR antagonist stimuli were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.The expressions of COX-1, COX-2, eNOS and iNOS protein in control group and BK group were detected by Western Blot.?RESULTS: After the stimulation of BK, there was no significant changes of ARPE-19 cells in morphology.Kinin B1 receptors ( B1R ) and B2 receptors ( B2R ) could be detected in ARPE-19 cells.Compared with control group, Ca2+concentrations significantly increased in BK group; in B1R antagonist group and B2R antagonist group Ca2+concentrations increased less than BK group; B1R and B2R antagonist group showed no obvious changes in Ca2+concentrations.Compared with control group, COX-2 and iNOS protein concentrations were significantly increased in BK group (P<0.001).?CONCLUSION:BK induces the increasing expression of COX-2 and iNOS in the cultured ARPE cells through binding with either B1R or B2R.