Objective To review our clinical experience with primary surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and premature infants and to discuss the timing of repair and major factors in treating this patients perioperatively.Methods From January 2012 to September 2015,a series of 19 consecutive neonates and premature infants(M/F =12/7) with tetralogy of Fallot were admitted in our center to receive surgical treatment,with a mean age of(17.3 ± 5.5) days(12-28 days) and a mean body weight of(2.9 ±0.7) kg(2.1-4.3 kg).All the 19 cases were symptomatic with cyanosis,saturation on room air 0.79 ± 0.12 (0.48-0.92),and shortness of breath.Before operation,2 cases were receiving an infusion of prostaglandin E1,5 were mechanically ventilated.7 were more than moderate anemia with hemoglobin of 55-87 g/L.All the patients received echocardiography,ECG and chest X-ray.The McGoon ratio and Nakata index were 1.09 ± 0.30 (0.8 to 1.6) and (135.5 ± 54.2) mm2/m2 (63-212 mm2/m2) respectively.18 cases received one-stage surgical repair and 1 premature infant under two-stage operation with the VSD closure after right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT) transannular patch augmentation.All the VSDs in the 18 cases were closed with continuous suture and RVOT were enlarged with autologous pericardium patch transannularly or not.Balanced and modified ultrafiltration were applied in all the patients.Patients were strictly followed up with a standard protocol focusing on right ventricular function and arrythmia.Several characteristics(e.g.time of operating,mechanical ventilation and ICU stay,complications,hospital stay time,cost of hospitalization) were compared between this group of patients and other TOF patients during the same period in our center.Results All the one-stage operations were successful.There was no mortality and major complication.Mean CPB and aortic clamping time were(111.5 ± 31.6)min (76-153min) and (73.3 ± 11.6) min (64-89 min) respectively.10 VSDs were closed with transventricular approach,6 witht transatrial appraoch and 2 with transatrial-ventricular approach.12 cases (66.7 ％) had a transannular RVOT patch,4 (22.2 ％) with single RVOT patch and 2 (11.1％) with transannular RVOT and left pulmonary artery patch.Atrial communication were left open in 15 cases (83.3 ％).The time of mechincal ventilation and ICU stay were (123.7 ± 59.5) h (39-239 h) and (10.1 ± 3.2) days (5-19 days) respectively.All the patients were followed up for (31.8 ± 15.7) months (9-57 months).There was no mortality and major complication.ECG showed that there was no severe arrythmia except for 3 complete right branh bundle block.The latest echocardiography results showed that right heart function was normal in all the cases and RVOT grandients was less than 30mmHg except one with 35 mmHg.There were 2 cases with residual shunt less than 2 mm and 8 cases with pulmonary valvular regurgitation less than moderate degree.Compared with other TOF cases during the same period,there was no difference according to the data mentioned above except with more time of mechnical ventilation and ICU stay and more cost of hospitalization.Conclusion Primary repair of TOF can be performed safely in symptomatic neonates and premature infants,regardless of age and body weight,with favorable early and mid-term results.Excellent teamwork and accurate prenatal and postnatal diagnosis were the two major factors in yeilding good results in these patients.

Naringin has been reported to possess a wild range of biological activities. However, the route and metabolites of naringin produced by intestinal bacteria are not well understood. In this paper, different bacteria were isolated from human feces and their abilities to convert naringin to different metabolites were studied. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx) was applied to fast analysis of naringin metabolites. Using MSE and mass defect filter techniques, three metabolites were detected and tentatively identified. The results indicated that acetylation, hydrolyzation and hydrolyzation with hydrogenation were the major metabolic pathways of naringin in vitro. Then, we studied the gene sequence of the 16S rRNA of the bacteria by extraction of genomic DNA of the strain, PCR amplification and clone of the 16S rRNA. The consequence proved that Enterococcus sp.30, Bacillus sp.46, Escherichia sp.54 and Escherichia sp.63 have the peculiar metabolism characteristic of naringin.

To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF ) on acute angle-closure glaucoma patients after trabeculetomy.METHODS: Patients with viral keratitis who underwent trabeculectomy in treatment of acute angle - closure glaucoma in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from December 2011 to October 2013 were selected and completed the treatment, 61 eyes of 45 cases were followed up. The treatment group of 23 cases (32 eyes) with acute angle-closure glaucoma patients were treated by NGF gel for 3mo after trabeculetomy, while in the control group 22 cases (29 eyes) were treated by normal saline replaced NGF. All patients were followed up for at least 12mo, visual acuity, perimetry, retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) thickness and cup/disc ratio of the patients were followed up during the treatment. The safety of topical use of NGF gel was also evaluated.RESULTS:ln all patients, the intraocular pressure ( lOP) was successfully controlled under 21mmHg and the visual acuity was markedly increased in the affected eye after trabeculectomy. Compared with control group, the postoperative lOP and visual acuity had no significant differences in treatment group (P>0. 05). The average light sensitivity of perimetry and mean defect were better than that in control group postoperative 6 and 12mo; The results of optical coherent tomography ( OCT ) and Heiderburg Retina Tomography ( HRT )-Ⅲ showed that RNFL thickness was significantly greater than that in control group, while cup/disc ratio significantly less than that in control group postoperative 6 and 12mo. Ocular surface damage, corneal endothelium to reduce and other eye complication were no observed in treatment group.CONCLUSlON:Acute angle-closure glaucoma treated by NGF gel after operation is effective and safe.

Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

The study aims to screen the ability of the bacteria to metabolize ononin and assess the effect of ononin on the intestinal bacteria. Fresh human fecal sample was obtained from a healthy volunteer, diluted serially in sterile water and sixty-nine different bacterial colonies were picked out ultimately. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx) was applied to fast analysis of ononin metabolites. Furthermore, an E(max) precision microplate reader was employed to determine the growth situation of Enterococcous sp., Enterobacter sp., Lactobacilli sp., and Bifidobacteria sp. Results indicated that hydrogenation, demethylation, hydroxylation and deglycosylation were the major metabolic pathways of ononin by human intestinal bacteria in vitro. Ononin can inhibit the growth of pathogen such as Enterococcus sp., Enterobacter sp. and can promote the growth of probiotics such as Bifidobacteria sp. and Lactobacilli sp. This study suggested that intestinal bacteria have the metabolic effects of ononin and the biotransformation was completed by different bacteria. And ononin can affect the balance of intestinal flora and the degree of influence varies depending on the bacterial species and the concentration of ononin.

Objective To study the antihypertensive efficacy and influence on the blood pressure parameters of nifedipine GITS therapy in patients with subacute cerebral infarction with essential hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).Methods Fifty-one cases of subacute cerebral infarction with essential hypertension were treated with nifedipine GITS for 14 days.ABPM were performed in all cases before and after treatment.The blood pressure parameters of blood pressure variability (BPV),morning blood pressure surge(MBPS),Trough/Peak(T/P),and smoothness index(SI) were analyzed.Results (1) After treatment with nifedipine GITS 30 mg/d for two weeks,the average 24-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP),day-time systolic blood pressure (dSBP),night-time systolic blood pressure (nSBP),24-hour diastolic blood pressure (DBP),day-time diastolic blood pressure (dDBP),night-time diastolic blood pressure (nDBP) significantly decreased((144.70 ± 14.89) mm Hg vs (163.10 ± 16.48) mm Hg,(145.67 ± 15.20) mm Hg vs (164.55 ±16.81) mm Hg,(140.85 ± 19.46) mm Hg vs (156.73 ±20.55) mm Hg,(81.24 ±8.88) mm Hg vs(89.49 ± 10.06) mm Hg,(81.25 ±9.40) mm Hg vs (90.18 ± 10.64) mm Hg,(81.34 ± 12.10) mm Hg vs (86.28 ±12.11) mmHg;t=11.01,11.53,5.29,8.71,7.53,2.31;P＜0.05)).(2) Defining the standard deviation(SD) of average blood pressure as the indexes of BPV,the blood pressure variability of systolic blood pressure(SBPV),day-time systolic blood pressure variability (dSBPV),night-time systolic blood pressure (nSBPV) decreased significantly ((16.52 ± 4.38) mm Hg vs (19.78 ± 6.72) mm Hg,(15.45 ± 4.71)mm Hg vs (17.88 ± 7.25)mm Hg,(14.94 ± 5.89) mm Hg vs (19.17 ± 8.27) mm Hg; t =3.38,2.19,2.99 ;P ＜0.05)) and the diastolic blood pressure didn't change.(3) There was negative correlation between smoothness index (SI) and BPV (r =-0.28 ; P ＜ 0.05).(4) The decreases of morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) of SBP was more significant after treatment ((22.65 ± 12.77) mm Hg) than that before treatment ((31.94 ±16.36) mm Hg).(5) The median of T/P ratio calculated by group methods was 0.721 for SBP and 0.676 for DBP,and it was 0.588 ± 0.360 for SBP and 0.628 ± 0.433 for DBP calculated by individual method.The medians of T/P ratio were above 0.5 by both methods.Conclusion It is of great significance to effectively control blood pressure and BPV in patients with stroke.Nifedipine GITS can constantly release medicine;it can lower the blood pressure,and significantly reduce BPV and MBPS.

Objective To explore pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility testing results in children with purulent meningitis in Jinan area. Methods A total of 54 children with purulent meningitis were selected from January 2010 to December 2014, the cerebrospinal fluid smear and culture, according to the national standard of clinical inspection technology for bacteria isolation and identification by disc diffusion method for drug sensitive test were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 54 strains of pathogenic bacteria including 36 strains of gram-positive coccus, and 17 strains of gram-negative bacillus and one strain of suspected Neisseria meningitides were found. A total of 31 strains gram positive coccus is Streptococcus pneumoniae, and most gram-negative bacilli is E. coli. In the Gram-positive coccus, 61.3% was sensitive to penicillin, and more than 90% was sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefepime, 83.3% was sensitive to meropenem, 94.7% resistant to azithromycin, and 58.1% resistant to oxazocilline. In Gram-negative bacilli, 60% was sensitive to ampicillin sulbactam 71.4% was sensitive to cephalosporin , 57.1% was sensitive to ceftriaxone , 66.6% was sensitive to cefepime. Conclusions From cerebrospinal fluid cultured of purulent meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and E. coli were major pathogenic bacteria in children with purulent meningitis in Jinan area.

This study aimed to design a pair of primers for amplifying internal transcribed spacer 2 region which was used to identify Gastrodia elata through optimizing of DNA extraction and PCR amplification process. Two sequences are used for research object by amplification of universal primers. Design three pairs of specific primers by Primer Premier 5.0 and select the highest specificity through the study of 22 samples. The results showed that identification efficiency of the primer named TM2F-2R is as high as 90.9% when Annealing Temperature is equal to 54 degrees Celsius. Therefore, TM2F-2R can be used as primers ITS2 sequences of G. elata, this article provides a set of accu-rate and stable identification methods for G. elata in the molecular identification.

Objective To investigate prognostic predictors of long-term survival of patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA), and to determine predictive value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in CA patients. Methods We recruited 102 consecutive CA cases and followed these patients for 5 years. We described their clinical characteristics at presentation and used a new, high-sensitivity assay to determine the concentration of cTnT in plasma samples from these patients. Results The patients with poor prognosis showed older age (56 ±12 years vs. 50 ±15 years, P=0.022), higher incidences of heart failure (36.92%vs. 16.22%, P=0.041), pericardial effusion (60.00%vs. 35.14%, P=0.023), greater thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) (15 ±4 mm vs. 13 ±4 mm, P=0.034), higher level of hs-cTnT (0.186 ±0.249 ng/mL vs. 0.044 ±0.055 ng/mL, P=0.001) and higher NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic pep-tide) levels (11,742 ± 10,464 pg/mL vs. 6,031 ± 7,458 pg/mL, P=0.006). At multivariate Cox regression analysis, heart failure (HR:1.78, 95%CI:1.09-2.92, P=0.021), greater wall thickness of IVS (HR:1.44, 95%CI:1.04-3.01, P=0.0375) and higher hs-cTnT level (HR:6.16, 95%CI:2.20-17.24, P=0.001) at enrollment emerged as independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusions We showed that hs-cTnT is associated with a very ominous prognosis, and it is also the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality in multivariate analysis. Examination of hs-cTnT concentrations provides valuable prognostic information concerning long-term outcomes.

The aim of the experiments was to develop and characterize a murine model for investigating the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on the mother and fetus. Pregnant mice were separated into three groups: group 1 was treated with cocaine HCl at 10 mg/kg twice daily (COC); group 2 was treated with saline at 10 ml/kg twice daily (SAL); and group 3 was pair-fed with the COC dams and was injected with saline following the same schedule (SPF) from embryonic day (E) 8 to 17. We utilized high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector and electrochemical detector to test the concentrations of cocaine, dopamine and serotonin, as well as HE staining to observe morphological alterations of liver and placenta. Though less food intake and lower weight gain were observed in COC and SPF groups but not in SAL dams, lower fetal body weight and brain weight were only seen in COC offspring. Pharmacological analysis revealed that cocaine was found in fetal plasma at 15 min following intraperitoneal administration on E17, accompanied with elevated concentrations of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in fetal brain. We also observed morphological changes in liver and placenta of cocaine-exposed fetuses. The present study indicates that pregnancy cocaine exposure can lead to maternal undernutrition and developmental abnormality of the fetal brain, liver and placenta. It is suggested that the developmental abnormality of the fetuses induced by cocaine is due to the toxicological effect of cocaine but not to maternal undernutrition.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cocaine ; adverse effects ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Female ; Fetus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver ; pathology ; Malnutrition ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Mice ; Mothers ; Placenta ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Serotonin ; metabolism