Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) in the treatment of acute cholecystitis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 81 patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent ultrasound-guided PTGBD in General Hospital of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company from March 2013 to February 2016.The changes in related parameters after the placement of drainage tube were analyzed.The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups.Results All the 81 patients underwent a successful one-time puncture.After the surgery,1 patient experienced tube dislodgement and 2 experienced obstructed bile drainage,while no patient experienced serious complications such as bleeding,bile leakage,and hemopneumothorax.Within 12 hours after surgery,there was a significant improvement in pain in the right upper quadrant and significant reductions in the major axis and radial width of the gallbladder (t =13.28 and 9.54,P =0.023 and 0.041),as well as significant reductions in white blood cell count and neutrophil count (t =8.70 and 8.03,P =0.028 and 0.034).Of all patients,38 achieved symptom remission after the placement of drainage tube and refused selective surgical treatment,and 43 underwent cholecystectomy within 3 months after surgery.Conclusion PTGBD is simple,convenient,visible,and safe and can effectively reduce patients' pain,increase the success rate of the treatment of acute cholecystitis,improve patients' clinical outcomes,and reduce the incidence of complications.It also provides the conditions of selective surgery for critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis,and therefore,it holds promise for clinical application.

Aim To explore the effects of apigenin on A?_ 25-35 induced injury in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.[WTHZ]Methods[WTBZ] The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to 10 ?mol?L-1 A?_ 25-35 for 24 h after pretreatment with the apigenin of concentrations of 5,10,20,40 ?mol?L-1 for 2 h;then the survival rate of hippocampal and SOD activity were examined;we also analysed the expression of apoptosis-related gene bcl-xl with Western blot.Result The survival rate of hippocampal neurons were decreased after pretreatment with 10 and 20 ?mol?L-1 apigenin for 2 h,the increases of Mn-SOD activity and bcl-xl protein expression were also observed.Conclusion Apigenin has the bioactivity of protecting the neuron from cytoxic induced by A?_ 25-35 in cultured hipocampal neurons as estrogen.The mechanism is likely related with activating the SOD and increasing bcl-xl protein expression,which plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the sonographic features of gouty arthritis.MethodsThe sonographic features of gouty arthritis were summarized by retrospectively studying the sonogram of 19 joints of 5 patients.ResultsFive the first metatarsophalangeal joints,8 knees,2 ankles,2 elbows and 2 wrists were investigated.Out of 19 joints,17(89.4％) had double contour signs,a hyperechoic and irregular band over the superficial margin of the articular cartilage.Joint effusions were seen in 13 of 19 joints (68.4％).Multiple hyperreflective foci could be seen in the joint fluid,which were obvious by shaking the probe.In 19 joints,11 (57.9 ％) had proliferation of the synovium identified,and proliferative synovium were revealed as hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion by color Doppler ultrasound.In one knee,the synovium proliferated obviously with involved area about 5 cm × 2 cm,and hyperechoic aggregates with acoustic shadow could be seen in it.Articular cartilage became irregularly thin and the hyperechoic outline of subchondral bone cortex became rough or even broke in 6 of 19 joint (31.6％).H omogeneous,hyperechoic aggregates with or without acoustic shadow in the soft tissue around the joint were seen in four joints (21.1 ％).Three in these 4 joints exited bone cortex erosions adjacent to aggregates.ConclusionsGouty arthritis has some specific sonographic features,ultrasound maybe usefully discover this disease in early period.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of uhrasonography for arthrocentesis in the hip and the advance of the femoral head/acetabulum as the puncture location in patients without sonographically obvious joint effusion.Methods Forty-three patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis or osteoarthritis were included,82 hip joints were involved and received ultrasounded-guided intra-articular injections.The puncture site was the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum.The times,depth,procedure time,side effects and complications of each injection were recorded.ResultsAll 82 hips could be explicitly displayed.The depths from the skin surface to the joint space were (3.4 ± 0.9)cm (left)and (3.1 ± 0.8)cm (right),respectively.Overall,100％ of hip joints were punctured successfully,and 95.1％ of them were succeeded with the first arthrocentesis.The procedure time was (287.9 ± 45.8) s.No side effects or complications were observed.ConclusionsThe sonographic technique could be used as a primary method of image guidance for performing hip arthrocentesis and the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum could be a choice of target location for the patients without joint effusion.

Objective To prepare the HPV genotyping control materials. Methods Three hundred cervical smears with different HPV genotypes were collected and detected by surface plasmon resonance and sequencing. The primers for specific genotype were designed according to GenBank. The recombinant plasmid was constructed through PCR amplification, ligation and transformation. Thirty recombinant plasmids were identified through PCR amplification, sequencing, and the sequences were compared using BLAST. Results The collected HPV infectious samples contained 30 different genotypes including HPV 6,16,18 and so on.The fragment sequences of PCR amplification were concordant with the designed. The fragment sizes of the other types ranged from 1 500 to 2 000 bp except HPV CP8304. And the 30 recombinant plasmids identified by PCR were concordant with the target. The identity of BLAST was 99%. In the fragment of 1500 bp in length, 11 bases were inconsistent with the reference sequence. Conclusions Genotyping control materials were developed successfully. The human papillomavirns genotyping control materials covered all the most common types and included 14 types with high-risk, 3 types with medium-risk and 13 types with low-risk.

Objective To evaluate the charateristics of biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) by ultrasound. Methods Diametes,thickness,characteristic echo of bile were observed by ultrasound in 41 patients with biliary stricture after OLT,and the results were compared with those of 46 patients without biliary complication after OLT.Results The diameter of intrahepatic bile,thickness of bile,incidence of intrahepatic bile dilation or hyperechogenicity in biliary stricture patiens were higher than those in patients without biliary complication,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The series of ultrasonographic character such as bile dilation,thickeness or hyperechogenicity of biliary wall,thin of bile duct are available to diagnose biliary stricture.

Objective To compare the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and conventional ultrasound (CUS) in the localization and definition of different types of uterine myomas.Methods With real-time CEUS technique, 56 patients with uterine myomas proved by pathology were observed. The accuracy between CEUS and CUS in the localization and definition of different types of uterine myomas was retrospectively analyzed. Results The accordance rates of CEUS and CUS in the diagnosis of total uterine myomas, intramural myomas, submueous and subserous myomas were 94.6% (53/56) vs 73.2%(41/56),99.3%(31/32) vs 78.1%(25/32) and 91.6%(22/24) vs 66.7%(16/24),respectively,and in the definition of number and margin of myomas were 92.8 % (104/112) vs 80.30% (90/112) and 91.9 (103/112) vs 78.6 % (88/112). The accordance rates of CEUS and CUS in the diagnosis of typical uterine myomas were 95.8% (23/24) and 87.5% (21/24),and in the diagnosis of atypical uterine myomas were 93.8%(30/32) and 62.5% (20/32),which were different in statistics (P<0.05). Conclusions CEUS is better than CUS in revealing the number and margin of different types of uterine myomas. The accordance rates of CEUS were higher than those of CUS in the diagnosis of different types of uterine myomas and atypical uterine myomas. CEUS may be a new technique in the localization and definition of uterine myomas.

To confirm the etiology of a dead case for a 6 year-old female Ailurus fulgens,one strain of the predominant bacteria from pathologic tissues(heart,liver,spleen,lung and other samples) of the dead Ailurus fulgens were examined and isolated.The isolate was named R1 and no other bacteria were isolated.The bacterial etiological examination(morphological characteristics,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene detection)of R1 showed that it was identifed as K.peneumoniae.Artificial infection to mice about R1 was also conducted in this study.R1 had strong pathogenicity to mice and the LD50 is 6.5 × 104 CFU/mL.Moreover,the clinical and pathological features of the dead mice were consistent with that of the Ailurus fulgens.To find effective therapeutic drugs of curing other Ailurus fulgens,antibiotic sensitivity test of R1 was conducted,and the results revealed that R1 was highly sensitive to cefotaxime et al,moderately sensitive to amikacin and resistant to penicillin.These data showed that K.peneumoniae was bacterial pathogen leading to death of the Ailurus fulgens and it had strong resistance to penicillins,macrolides and virginiamycin and it had broad drug resistance spectrum.However,R1 is sensitive to cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

BACKGROUND: Seronegative spondyloarthropathies(SpA) are a group of diseases involving the spine, peripheral joints and structures around the joints that mostly occur in adult males with high morbidity and disability rate. Presently, it is widely believed that enthesis is the initiated site of SpA so that enthesitis is an important pathologic base and one of the characteristic clinical manifestations of SpA, however, there is no specific clinical manifestation enthesitis.OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference on entheseal blood flow between health volunteers and patients with SpA and explore the value of color Doppler(CD) in assessing the pathological change of enthesis.DESIGN: Non-randomized case controlled study to patients SETTING: Department of Rheumatology, Department of Ultrasound of a university, Department of Rheumatology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 30 patients with SpA admitted into Third Affilated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University during August 2001 to April 2002 and willing to take CD examination were selected as case group. All of them met the classification criteria of SpA set up by the European SpA Study Group in 1991 with 24 males and 6 females. Thirty healthy workers and students working or studying in the same Hospital were enrolled as volunteers for the control group, none of them had any histories of arthropathy or chronic lower back pain, and there were 22 males and 8 females among them.INTERVENTIONS: Color Doppler was used to examine the blood flow of 18entheses in lower limbs of every healthy volunteers and SpA patients and semi-quantitative method was used to classify the blood flow.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood flow of enthesesRESULTS: Among 30 healthy volunteers, 5 cases(16.7% ) had been detected blood flow from at least one enthesis. From the 540 entheses being examined, 9entheses were detected blood flow signals of grade Ⅰ, the positive rate was 1.7%. While among 30 SpA patients, 24(80.0%) had at least one enthesis being detected for positive blood flow. Eighty-four of totally 540 exanined entheses were found for positive blood flow signals with a positive rate of 15.6%, and the number of entheses with grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of blood flow were 19, 33 and 32 respectively among the 84 positive entheses. There was significantly different in the positive rate of blood flow and classification of entheses between SpA patients and healthy volunteers by x2 test (P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Colour Doppler examination is an effective way to detect the blood flow of enthesis. There were blood flow abnormity in the entheses of lower limbs in patients with SpA.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the rationality and validity of chemical medicine tablet production equipment cleaning pro-cedure. METHODS:Among several chemical medicines prepared by similar production technology as Metoprolol succinate sus-tained-release tablets,Captopril tablets,Isosorbide mononitrate tablet and Metformin hydrochloride tablet,Metoprolol succinate sus-tained-release tablets had strongest toxicity and were included in validation test. The production equipment was cleaned and disinfect-ed according to cleaning procedure. The point which was most difficult to clean could be wiped and sampled by using the cotton swab method. The detection limit and the limit of quantitation of the residue limits were verified as well as the recovery rate of wip-ing,in order to evaluate whether the results meet the requirements. RESULTS:The cotton swab method is adopted to wipe sample and detect the point which is most difficult to clean. The visible foreign body has not been found in each sampling point. The amount of residual drug is <29.75 μg/cotton bud,and microbial limits are <50 CFU/cotton bud,indicating test items are in line with the standard. CONCLUSIONS:The cleaning method can effectively clean the production equipment,and can effectively pre-vent product contamination and cross contamination to ensure the quality,efficacy and safety of the next batch of products.