Objective: To observe the migration of 4,4＇-diaminostilbene-2,2＇-disulfonc acid-based fluorescent whitening agents ( DSD-FWAs ) in food packaging paper, so as to provide evidence for quality and safety supervision for paper packaging materials. Methods: Forty-one paper samples with DSD-FWAs positive were made into 6 cm2 pieces and were soaked in four food simulants ( distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and 95% ethanol, 10 mL each ). The experiment was carried out at the specified soaking temperature and time. The migration amounts of eleven DSD-FWAs were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Results: C.I.220, C.I.24, C.I.210, C.I.85, C.I.113, C.I.264, C.I.353 and C.I.357 were found in all the four food simulants. At the same time and temperature, the migration amount was highest in 10% ethanol, followed by distilled water, 3% acetic acid and 95% ethanol. C.I.220 was dissolved in all four food simulants, in the range of 20-90 ℃, the migration amount increased with soaking temperature; at 20 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃, the migration amount increased first and then stabilized over time. Conclusion The higher the storage temperature and the longer the storage time of paper packaging, the easier the DSD-FWAs in packaging paper migrate to food.

Objective To investigate the reversal effect of the monomer of traditional Chinese medicine on muhidrug resistance(MDR) and its possible mechanism in K562/ADM cell line in vitro. Methods With different concentrations of baicalin, geniposide administered to K562/ADM cells, the proliferation of K562/ ADM cells was detected by the MTY assay. Expression of mdr-1 mRNA, Topo Ⅱ mRNA was measured by semi-quantitive RT-PCR. Results Thatbaicalin and geniposide could increase the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to adriamycin, multiples of reversion were 1.95 times and 1.46 times. The proliferation of K562/ADM cells was in-hibited obviously by baicalin and geniposide, the level of mdr-1 mRNA expression was down-regulated and the Topo Ⅱ mRNA was up-regulated(P<0.01 ). Conclusion Baicalin and geniposide may reverse the multi-drag-resistance of K562/ADM cells, which was related to the down-regulation of mdr-1 expression and up-reg-ulation of Topo Ⅱ beta expression.

Objective To explore molecular mechanism of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein in HL-60 cells induced by all-trans refinoic acid (ATRA). Methods MTr method was used to detect the proliferation of HL-60 cells induced by ATRA,cell cycle and CD11b expression in HL-60 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of VEGF, c-myc, by-poxia-inducible factor(HIF)-lα, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. VEGF protein in HL-60 cells culture supernatant was measured by ELISA before and after being induced by ATRA. Results After treatment with ATRA,the proliferation of HL-60 cells was obviously inhibited, CD11b expression increased, trend of granulocyte directional differentiation emerged, and differentiation degree was increasd(P <0. 05) ;expression level of c-my and VEGF mRNA was down-regulated (P < 0. 05), but expression level of HIF-1α mRNA was up-regulated (P < 0. 05). VEGF protein level in HL-60 cells culture supernatant was decreased by blocking the expression of MMP-9 or MMP-2(P <0. 05).Conclusion VEGF expression has positive correlation with c-myc expression,but has negative correlation with HIF-1α expression. MMP-9 and MMP-2 may be the main factors regulating VEGF secretion in HL-60 cells.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of different sensitivities to apoptosis induced by low concentration of As2O3 in PML-RARα negative HL-60 cells and PML-RARα positive NB4 cells. Meth-ods NB4 and HL-60 cells were cultured with As2O3 for 1 to 4 days; cell proliferation were detected by MTT method; the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,Bcl-2,Bax and Fas mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. Results The proliferation of NB4 cells was inhibited obviously by As2O3(1.0 μmol/L)with the induction of apoptosis( P <0.05) ,which was accompanied by the down-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA expression( P <0.05)and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax(P <0.05), but there was no obvious variation of Bax and Fas expression( P >0.05). Inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis were not obvious in PML-RARα negative HL-60 cells induced by low concentration As2O3 ( P >0.05), and there was no obvious variation of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas mRNA expres-sion or Bcl/Bax ratio( P >0.05). Conclusion The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax is contributed to the different sensitiv-ities of PML-RARα negative HL-60 cells and positive NB4 cells induced by low concentration of As2O3.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the data of angle variation on traction based on a finite element model of complete cervical spine with straight physiological curvature, and try to give experimental reference and suggestion in treating cervical spondylosis.

METHODSA 43-year-old female patient with straight cervical spine was chosen and the CT scan data were collected. By using specially designed modeling system, a high quality finite element model of complete cervical spine with straight physiological curvature is generated,which included ligament and muscle according to anatomy. After the model was confirmed, traction was loaded with angle 0 degree, anterior 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, to observe the data of distance change on between adjacent intervertebral foramen, processus articularis, uncovertedral joint, intervertebral discs, and stress of anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.

RESULTSWhen the angle was 0 degrees-15 degrees, the distance between intervertebral foramen, Luschka joint and processus articularis posterioris was enlarged, the tensile stress was adequate and compressive stress was small. It met the clinical requests.

CONCLUSION0 degree-15 degrees anterior position is suggested for the treatment of cervical spondylosis.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Spondylosis ; surgery ; Traction ; methods

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Hedgehog signaling pathway on the invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods The SHH,SMO and Gli-1 expression levels of breast cancer cell line MDA-231 and normal mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A were detected by Western blot at protein level and by Real-time RT-PCR at mRNA level.Next,shRNA vector was transfected into the MDA-2 3 1 cells with highly expressed SMO,and the stable transfected cells were selected by G4 1 8 .Western blot and Real-time RT-PCR were performed to observe the inhibitory effect of RNAi on SMO expression.MTT assay was used to assess the influence of SMO siRNA on cell proliferation.Transwell assay was applied to observe cell invasion ability.The expressions of Gli-1,Snail,MMP-9,E-cadherin and Vimentin protein were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with those of normal mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A,the expressions of SHH,SMO and Gli-1 were significantly increased.The invasion of MDA-2 3 1 cells was inhibited significantly after SMO silencing.Additionally, the protein expressions of Gli-1 , Snail, MMP-9 and Vimentin were obviously inhibited, and E-cadherin was significantly increased.Conclusion Mutative activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway in breast cancer cells promotes cell invasion probably through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the tumor cells.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics which are related to malignancy in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with an aim to provide evidence for clinical practice.Methods Using PubMed,all pancreatic IPMN related articles with positive pathologic results before July 30th,2011 were studied.A pooled analysis was carried out on the morphological features of the disease.The analysis included gender,diameter of main pancreatic duct,diameter of cystic lesion,mural nodules and histological types (benign/malignant) of the neoplasm.Results 98 articles (including 1902 cases) were collected and analyzed.1025 cases were benign (53.89％) and 877 cases (46.11 ％) were malignant.Morphologically,there were a correlation between main pancreatic duct dilatation (≥5 mm),cystic lesion of large size (≥30 mm),presence of mural nodules and malignancy.The OR (95％ CI) were 5.591 (3.657-8.548),3.633 (2.626-5.027) and 4.983 (3.872-6.412) respectively.Conclusions A main pancreatic duct dilatation (≥5 mm),cystic lesions of large size (≥30 mm) and presence of mural nodules prompt the tumor to be malignant.In clinical work,the management of pancreatic IPMN should be made prudently based on comprehensive analysis of clinical features and the patient's status and intent.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the immunohistochemical types and the pathological types of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN).Methods Literatures on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic IPMN published before June 30,2011 in the PubMed database were retrieved.The literatures adopted were scored by the case reports quality assessment list.The correlation analysis between the immunohistochemical types and the gender,pathological types,characteristics of benign or malignant tumor and morphological types were analyzed.All data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test or multiple regression analysis.Results Thirteen literatures were adopted,the scores were 31-45 (full mark:50),and the mean score was 37.The clinical data of 826 pancreatic IPMN patients who were comfirmed by pathological examination were collected,and there were 4 immunohistochemical types:(1) The gastric type (363 patients).Of the 271 patients who underwent gender analysis,there were 195 males and 76 females,with the median age of 65.6 years.Of the 225 patients who underwent pathological types analysis,there were 146 cases of adenoma,34 cases of borderline tumor,24 cases of carcinoma in situ,21 cases of invasive carcinoma,the benign tumor was accounted for 86.68％ (293/338).Of the 215 patients who underwent morphological type analysis,there were 34 cases of main pancreatic duct type,151 cases of branch duct type and 30 cases of mixed type.(2) The intestinal type (327 patients).Of the 269 patients who underwent gender analysis,there were 184 males and 85 females,with the median age of 64.5 years.Of the 262 patients who underwent pathological types analysis,there were 28 cases of adenoma,43 cases of borderline tumor,91 cases of carcinoma in situ,100 cases of invasive carcinoma,the benign tumor was accounted for 29.21％ (85/291).Of the 151 patients who underwent morphological type analysis,there were 63 cases of main pancreatic duct type,54 cases of branch duct type and 34 cases of mixed type.(3) The pancreatobiliary type (92 patients).Of the 78 patients who underwent gender analysis,there were 41 males and 37 females,with the median age of 69.2 years.Of the 81 patients who underwent pathological types analysis,there were 4 cases of adenoma,1 case of borderline tumor,21 cases of carcinoma in situ,55 cases of invasive carcinoma,the benign tumor was accounted for 5.75％ (5/87).Of the 34 patients who underwent morphological type analysis,there were 7 cases of main pancreatic duct type,18 cases of branch duct type and 9 cases of mixed type.(4) The oncocytic type (44 patients).Of the 37 patients who underwent gender analysis,there were 24 males and 13 females,with the median age of 60.3 years.Of the 33 patients who underwent pathological types analysis,there were 18 cases of carcinoma in situ,15 cases of invasive carcinoma,and all of them were with malignant tumors.Of the 36 patients who underwent morphological type analysis,there were 9 cases of main pancreatic duct type,16 cases of branch duct type and 11 cases of mixed type.The immunohistochemical type of pancreatic IPMN was correlated with gender,pathological type and characteristics of maglignant or benign tumors (x2=10.626,281.839,333.212,r =0.097,0.569,0.625,P ＜ 0.05).The result of the chi-square test between the immunohistochemical types and the morphological types was statistically significant (x2 =50.732,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no correlation between them (r =0.010,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The immunohistochemical type of pancreatic IPMN is correlated with gender,pathological type and the characteristics of maglignant or benign tumors,which provide references for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of pancreatic IPMN.

ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) which coexists with extrapancreatic malignancy (EPM),with an aim to provide strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe PubMed was used to search for the pancreatic IPMN related articles with positive pathologic results.A pooled analysis was then performed.The ratio ofpancreatic IPMNs coexisting with EPMs and the locations (or the type) of EPMs were analyzed.ResultsAfter a strict process of screening,18 articles met the pre-determined standardsand were accepted.Of the 1327 patients,363 had coexisting EPMs (27.35％).There were 392 EPMs in these 363 patients.The EPMs occurred in almost all the systems of the body,especially in the digestive tract and its related organs,which accounted for 63.06％ of the EPMs. Conclusions There is a tendency for patients with pancreatic IPMN to have coexisting EPM. More than half of these EPMs are malignant tumors in the digestive system. When pancreatic IPMN is diagnosed,the clinician should be aware of the possible coexistence of an EPM and should look for the possibility of a new EPM developing in a patient after treatment of pancreatic IPMN.

Objective To investigate the infection characteristics and drug resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus after liver transplantation.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 170 patients who underwent liver transplantation in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University between January 2011 and April 2016.The incidence,pathogenic characteristics,distribution and drug resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were analyzed.Results In this research,the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection occurred in 23 cases after liver transplantation,and the incidence rate was 13.53％ (23/170).There were 27 strains of pathogens had been isolated,and 74.07％ (20/27) of pathogens were isolated from peritoneal drainage fluid.The most common methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis,accounting for 29.63％ (8/27),22.22％ (6/27) and 14.81％ (4/27).Drug sensitivity results indicated that the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were completely resistant to Penicillin,Oxacillin and Methicillin antibiotics.And the pathogens were extensively drug-resistant to Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin,the resistance rates were 63％ (15/24),63％ (15/24) and 58％ (14/24).But the pathogens were sensitive to Teicoplanin,Vancomycin and Linezolid,and there have not been detected drug-resistant bacteria.Conclusions The infection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens after liver transplantation.Routine prophylactic antibiotics are not useful for the treatment,however,Teicoplanin,Vancomycin and Linezolid can be used as the first choice of treatment.