Objective To establish a specific,sensitive and applied method for the detection and differentiation of dengue virus types Ⅰ-Ⅳ,Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus.Methods Based on the genomes sequence analysis,6 pairs of primers were designed.The special capture probes of dengue virus types Ⅰ-Ⅳ,Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus were amplified,cloned and sequenced.Then the microwell plates were precoated using these capture probes,and the forward primers were labeled using biotin.The samples were then amplified using the biotin labeled forward primers and reward primers.The microwell plate hybridization was processed for detecting and differentiating the virus.The precoated DNA concentration,precoated time,hybridization temperature and hybridization time were optimized carefully.Results The A value of positive samples were over 0.5,while the average A value of the negative samples was less than 0.1.The S/N value exceeded 10.0.Sensitivity experiment suggested the method of PCR-ELISA could detect the virus RNA in 107 times dilution,while RT-PCR could detect the virus RNA in only 106 times dilution.The stability experiment of PCR-ELISA using DVⅠ suggested that the within-batch coefficient of variation was 6.21%,the between-batch coefficient of variation was 9.92%;the within-batch coefficient of variation in negative control was 1.92%,and the between-batch coefficient of variation in negative control was 3.68%.No visible changes were found on the performance of the coated microwell plates when stored in 4℃for 6 monthes.Conclusion PCR-ELISA is a more sensitive and specific method than RT-PCR is in the early detection and type identification of dengue Ⅰ-Ⅳ types virus,Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus.

A questionnaire was used to survey the perspective of the 22 mentors,24 students, 27 graduate students and 27 public health units on the competence of MPH student. The result showed that the practice skill,analyzing skill,program plan and practice skill,and emergency reaction abil-ity got more attention. This suggested that to the training of MPH,the training objective should focus on the ability to resolve problems; the curriculum should focus on the characters of public health and on the practice training.

Twenty five patients with incarcerated stone in distal common bile duct were treated with mini-blasting lithotrite under choledochoscope from June 2008 to September 2010.The clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed.The successful rate of surgery was 100％.The clearance rate of first procedure was 92％ (23/25),2 cases underwent second procedure and all were successful.There were no severe operative complications including bile duct injury,perforation,hemorrhage or bile leakage.Miniblasting lithotrite is a safe and effective method for treating incarcerated stone in distal common bile duct.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the implementation of Quality Management Guidance of TCM Trust-agent Decocting in Medical Institutions in Shanghai. METHODS:Stratified random sampling method was adopted for the questionnaire of TCM trust-agent decocting in 13 medical and health institutions in the suburb of Shanghai. RESULTS:A total of 13 question-naires were sent out and 13 valid questionnaires were received with the effective rate of 100%. In the 13 medical and health institu-tions,12 medical and health institutions partially or fully adopted trust-agent decocting,and the trust-agent decocting in the 12 med-ical and health institutions accounted for 92.3% in all trust-agent decocting;the 12 medical and health institutions with TCM trust-agent decocting service for patients included 9 pharmaceutical factories and 3 pharmacies;label related problems (including name error,oral and topical label error and stickers unclear) and leakage were the main quality problems,accounting for 33.0%and 31.0%,respectively;83.3% of the medical and health institutions didn’t establish the file of the quality control for TCM trust-agent decocting;decocting process was the most important factor that affects the quality. CONCLUSIONS:Implementing a re-gional Quality Management Guidance of TCM Trust-agent Decocting in Medical Institutions in Shanghai and establishing a system that drug administration,industry associations and medical and health institutions are participated in have great significance to pro-mote the healthy development of TCM trust-agent decocting service and ensure patients’medication safety.

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency between blastomere preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and polar body PGD for chromosomal translocation carriers. Methods Group A had 8 cycles using whole painting probes for the first polar body diagnosis, while group B had 29 cycles using two subtelomeric probes and one centromeric probe for the blastomere diagnosis. Results The fertilization rate of group A was significantly lower than group B [66. 1% (72/109) vs 85.2% (304/357) , P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the successful biopsy rate between two groups. However, group A had a significantly higher loss rate during fixation and higher no signal rate after fluorescence in situ hybridization [ FISH, 9. 6% (12/104) vs 1.6% (4/252), 11.2% (10/89) vs 3.0% (7/233) ]. Totally, the diagnostic efficiency in group A (72. 5% ,79/109 ) was significantly lower than that in group B( 89. 8%, 230/256, P < 0. 05 ). Although both the clinical pregnancy rate( 3/7 ) and implantation rate( 22. 2% ,4/18 ) of group A were higher, the differences were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion Both methods can be used efficiently in the PGD for chromosomal translocation carriers. Blastomere PGD has a higher diagnostic rate.

ObjectiveTo clarify the clinicopathological features of renal amyloidosis in order to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsClinicopathological data of 26 biopsyproven renal amyloidosis cases in Department of Nephrology,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University between2006and2010wereanalyzedretrospectively.Immunohistochemistryand immunofluorescence of amyloid A protein,immunoglobulin light chains such as K、λ were performed on renal specimens for further classification.ResultsAge of 26 patients ranged from 40 to 77 years old,average(58.54±10.07) years.Twenty-two out of 26 patients(84.62％) were treated in local hospital before admitted to our department,and 21 patients(95.45％) were misdiagnosed as chronic primary glomerulonephritis.The prominent clinical manifestations of renal amyloidosis were nephrotic syndrome(17 cases,65.38％),decreased blood pressure(16 cases,61.53％),organ enlargement (8 cases,30.77％) and bodyweight loss (6 cases,23.08％).Fourteen out of 25 patients (56.00％) were found to have monoclonal light chains in serum by immunofixation electrophoresis.Three patients with mild pathological changes who had no confirmable Congo red stain were conffimed by electron microscopy. Twenty-three(88.46％) patients werediagnosed as AL amyloidosis,one(3.85％) as AA amyloidosis,one was strongly suspected of hereditary amyloidosis,and one was undetermined.ConclusionsRenal amyloidosis is frequently misdiagnosed.Middleaged and old nephrotic patients with decreased blood presure,organ enlargement and bodyweight loss may be the most helpful clues of the disease.Most patients have monoclonal light chains in serum or urine.Renal biopsy,especially electronic microscopy plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of renal amyloidosis.Immunohistochemistry is important for patients with renal amyloidosis in pathological classification and treatment.

Objective To investigate the executive function of children with different sports training. Methods Forty children with Ping-Pong training (Ping-Pong group) and 41 children with swimming training (swimming group), aged 6-9 years, completed GO/NOGO task. Behavioral data (reaction time and accuracy) and event related potential component N2 were collected and analyzed. Results The reaction time was significantly faster and accuracy significantly lower of GO task and NOGO task in swimming group than in Ping-Pong group (P<0.05 and P<0.01). There were significant differences in the amplitude of NOGO-N2 on site CPz between swimming group and Ping-Pong group[(-11.36±9.4) μV vs (-7.55±7.99) μV, P<0.05]. Conclusion The inhibitory function of children with Ping-Pong training is stronger than those with swimming training.

Objective:To study the effect of OSAHS on adult nasal-cycle.Method:The nasal cycle of 20 healthy adults,18 patients of snoring and 22 patients of OSAHS were examined with acoustic rhinometry,which was performed every 30 minutes in 7 hours.Result:The ratio of nasal cycle in healthy adults was(19/20,95.0%), in snoring patients was(15/18,83.0%),in patients of OSAHS was(15/22,68.2%). The mean alteration amplitude of nasal cycle in healthy adults was significantly larger than that in patients with OSAHS (P<0.05).The distribution of the healthy adults and patients with OSAHS between the typical cycle categories was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion:The characteristics of nasal-cycle in of OSAHS patients were different with healthy adults,which maybe owing to change of physical function of nasal cavity.

Objective To evaluate specific clinical and imaging features of osteogenesis imperfecta V and to improve diagnostic accuracy of this disease. Methods Data of 15 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type V were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical and imaging features. There were 10 males and 5 females, aged from 1 year and 30 years old (median age,12.5 years ). All 15 patients had plain X-ray, and 4 of 15 had CT. All data were analyzed by 3 experienced deputy chief doctors in OI according to OI V standard. Results X-ray:calcification of the interosseous membrane between radius-ulna was detected in all patients and calcification of the interosseous membrane between tibia-fibula was detected in 2 of 15 patients. Dislocation of the radial head was seen in 13 of 15 patients,bilateral in 9 and utilateral in 4.All patients showed restriction in the pronation and supination of the forearm and restricton in the flexion and extention of the elbow joint. Patients with dislocation of raidal head were associated with large coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna. Hyperplastic callus of the extremities were detected in 7 of 15 patients (7 at femur , 3 at humerus, 1 at tibia.In early stage, hyperplastic callus showed thin cortice, and clear boundares with the diaphysis showing and low density, irregular, mesh-like lamellation inside. In the later stage, there were dense calcification inside hyperplastic callus, and no difference in density with the diaphysis. Diaphysis surrounded by hyperplastic callus had clear boundaries with the hyperplastic callus. No cortical destruction was detected. CT:there were sparse needle-dot calcification inside hyperplastic callus, with the patterns of granular, ring-and-arch,irregular streaky mineralization. The cross section of proximal femoral shaft showed irregular shape , flat square shape and tiny medullary cavity, with no calcification on the edge of hyperplastic callus. CT value:-91 HU inside hyperplastic callus; 283 HU in femoral shaft. Conclusions Interosseous membrane between radius-ulna or tibia-fibula, hyperplastic callus ,dislocation of the radial head are specific features in osteogenesis imperfecta V. X-ray can make a definitive diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta V. CT scan is helpful in the differential diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta V from osteosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the blood fatty levels in different genotypes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in patients with essential hypertension (EH).Methods Four hundred and eighty-eight cases of Han and Uygur in patients with EH were selected,and MMP-2-735 C/T and MMP-3-1171 5A/6A polymorphism was measured by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism.They were divided into two groups:EH with CAS group (CAS group,293 cases,Han 171 cases,Uygur 122 cases) and EH without CAS group (NS group,195 cases,Han 105 cases,Uygur 90 cases).Blood fatty factors were analyzed according to the different MMP genotypes.Results According to MMP-2 genotypes,in Hart CAS group,the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in MMP-2 CT+TT genotypes were significantly higher than those in CC genotype(P ＜ 0.05),and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those in CC genotype(P ＜ 0.05); In Uygur CAS group,the triglyceride levels in MMP-2 CT+TT genotypes were significantly higher than those in CC genotype(P ＜ 0.05).According to MMP-3 genotypes in Han NS group,the total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in 6A/6A genotype were significantly higher than those in 5A/5A+5A/6A genotypes (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The blood fatty levels are different in patients with different MMP genotypes,which may probably influence the CAS.