Adult ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Young Adult

CD40 Ligand ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Objective To quantify the effect of gradual respiratory functional training on the lung function and quality of life (QOL) of patients convalescing from Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods Thirty-two GBS patients were randomly divided into two groups a control group which received routine nursing and a respiratory function training group.The training was in three stages:thoracic or/and abdominal respiration,deep breathing and respiratory exercise.After 2 and 4 months of treatment,the 16 min walk test and the SF-36 health questionnaire were used to evaluate the subjects' lung function,motor capacity and QOL. Results After 2 and 4 months of treatment,vital capacity (VC),forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal ventilatory volume (MVV) had all improved significantly in the training group.Their 6 min walk distances and QOL ( in all 8 domains) had also improved significantly.The average VC.FVC.FEV1 and MVV in the control group all decreased slightly but the decreases were not significant.Their 6 min walk distances had improved significantly,however,as had the physical function,mental health.psychological role,physical pain and integrated health domains of their QOL. Conclusion Training the respiratory functional of GBS patients during convalescence can prevent the lung function decay due to muscle weakness,and can also improve motor ability and QOL.

A combination vaccine which consists of ≥2 immunogens is intended to provide protection against two or more diseases or against multiple serotypes of a single disease. The use of combination vaccines decrease the number of vaccine injections in the regular immunization schedules. However,the development of combination vaccines is more complicated than monovalent vaccines,preservatives and adjuvants used with one component may alter the potency of other components. Physical,chemical,and biological interactions between the components of combination vaccines must be considered to avoid detrimental effects on safety or efficacy. Therefore combination vaccines present unique challenges for product evaluation. This paper presents a review of research application status,the evaluation of effectiveness and safety,as well as development prospects on combination vaccines.

Objective To observe the effect of Isoket on standard dobutamine stress echocardiography(DSE).Methods Thirty-seven patients were divided into three groups according to the results of quantitative coronary angiography(QCA):the control group(CON) including 12 patiens,the coronary artery disease group 1(CAD1) including 15 patients,and the coronary artery disease group 2(CAD2) including 10 patients.Among the three group,the DSE+Isoket was done in CAD2,while the standard DSE was done in the other two groups.The improvement of segments of left ventricular after percutaneous transluminal intervention(PCI) was looked as the standard evaluating DSE.Results Isoket could increase heart rate and decrease systolic blood pressure,but could hardly affect diastolic blood pressure.The rate of biphysic response was 62.5% in group CAD1,and the sensitivity of detecting viable myocardium was 61%,while the specificity was 76%.In group CAD2,the rate of biaphysic response was 72.2% ,and the sensitivity of detecting viable myocardium was 82%,while the specificity was 88%.The rate detecting viable myocardium and sensitivity was improved significantly in group CAD2.Conclusions DSE combined with Isoket was beneficial for detecting viable myocardium.

BACKGROUND:Bone formation and development are reported to be regulated by bone morphogenetic protein2(BMP2)-induced Osterix expression. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effect of BMP2/Osterix signaling pathway on differentiation of preosteoblasts in mice. METHODS:mRNA and protein expression of Osterix wasdetermined by real-time RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively at various time points after mouse preosteoblasts were treated with BMP2. pcDNA3.1/myc-Osterix eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transducted into preosteoblasts, and then mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and matrix extracelular phosphoglycoprotein wasdetected by real-time RT-PCR after transduction and BMP2 treatment. RESULTSANDCONCLUSION:Osterix mRNA expression was up-regulated when treated with BMP2 in mouse preosteoblasts, and reached the peak at 24 hours. In addition, the protein expression of Osterix was increased after BMP2 treatment. Alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and matrix extracelular phosphoglycoprotein mRNA expression wasup-regulated after transfection of mouse preosteoblasts with pcDNA3.1/myc-Osterix eukaryotic expression vector and BMP2 treatment. Our results indicate that BMP2 regulates the synthesis of genetic markers of osteogenesis,such asalkaline phosphatase,matrix extracelular phosphoglycoproteinviaup-regulating Osterix expression in mouse preosteoblasts, suggesting BMP2/Osterix signaling pathway plays a critical role in bone development.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of mitochondrial associated protein fumarylacetoacetate domain containing protein 1 (FAHD1) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in sepsis.Methods:Based on the database of the whole process of sepsis early warning, diagnosis and treatment management, which was established on the study of sepsis early warning and standardized diagnosis and treatment system, adult patients with suspected infection admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Zhejiang Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Ningbo First Hospital from May 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled. The basic vital signs, and the main blood routine results, liver and kidney function, blood gas, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at the time of diagnosis of patients with or without sepsis were analyzed. The preserved serum samples were taken, the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by electrochemiluminescence method, immunoturbidimetry respectively, and FAHD1 and GDF-15 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for sepsis diagnose. The indexes' diagnostic efficacy in sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC curve).Results:A total of 132 patients were enrolled, including 76 cases of sepsis and 56 cases of non-sepsis. Compared with the non-sepsis group, the heart rate in the sepsis group was increased (bpm: 116.4±17.8 vs. 97.4±19.1), while the mean arterial pressure (MAP), platelet count (PLT), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) were significantly decreased [MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 65.8±9.7 vs. 74.7±10.3, PLT (×10 9/L): 120 (69, 204) vs. 163 (117, 239), PaO 2 (mmHg): 83.0 (66.6, 108.0) vs. 108.0 (84.4, 130.0), all P < 0.05], direct bilirubin (DBil), serum creatinine (SCr), lactic acid (Lac), APACHEⅡ score and SOFA score were significantly increased [DBil (μmol/L): 13.00 (5.55, 55.31) vs. 6.20 (2.20, 21.90), SCr (μmol/L): 118.00 (70.00, 191.73) vs. 77.20 (59.65, 110.86), Lac (mmol/L): 2.90 (1.50, 4.10) vs. 1.90 (1.20, 2.80), APACHEⅡ score: 20.0 (16.0, 25.0) vs. 16.0 (10.0, 21.0), SOFA score: 12.0 (8.0, 16.0) vs. 8.0 (5.0, 13.0), all P < 0.05]. In addition, the serum levels of FAHD1, GDF-15, PCT and CRP in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in non-sepsis group [FAHD1 (μg/L): 3.96 (2.25, 5.92) vs. 2.47 (1.03, 3.54), GDF-15 (μg/L): 8.46 (4.37, 19.68) vs. 4.32 (1.74, 10.39), PCT (μg/L): 3.79 (1.37, 11.32) vs. 0.42 (0.12, 2.14), CRP (mg/L): 154.43 (61.33, 283.20) vs. 65.95 (28.15, 144.69), all P < 0.01]. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that serum FAHD1 [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.135, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.045-1.234], GDF-15 ( OR = 1.090, 95% CI was 1.029-1.155) and CRP ( OR = 1.007, 95% CI was 1.002-1.011) were risk factors for sepsis (all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis of sepsis showed that the areas under ROC curve (AUC) of serum mitochondrial associated proteins FAHD1 and GDF-15 were 0.727 (95% CI was 0.641-0.802) and 0.677 (95% CI was 0.588-0.757), respectively; and the AUC of classical infection indexes PCT and CRP were 0.767 (95% CI was 0.683-0.837) and 0.680 (95% CI was 0.59-0.760), respectively. There was no significant difference between the AUC of mitochondrial associated proteins and classical infection indexes. The combination of FAHD1, GDF-15, PCT and CRP had the largest AUC, which was 0.809 (95% CI was 0.730-0.874), and the sensitivity was 75.00%, and the specificity was 80.00%. Conclusion:Mitochondrial associated protein FAHD1 and GDF-15 are associated with sepsis, and the diagnostic efficiency is improved when combined with PCT and CRP, which might provide experimental basis for screening diagnostic markers of sepsis.

Objective To study the effects of diagnostic ultrasound combined with microbubble contrast agent on augmentation thrombolysis in vivo and to discuss the synergism and mechanism of combination of urokinase. Methods Thirty-two rabbits of femoral vein thrombus were divided into four groups: simple urokinase group, ultrasound and contrast microbubble group, ultrasound and contrast microbubble combined with urokinase group, control group. Then according to the best parameter combination which was definited in previous experiment, the experiments combination of urokinase were performed. Color Doppler was used to evaluate the recanalization of different group in 15 rain,30 min and 60 min. Results After the treatment of 15 rain and 30 min,the recanalization rate in ultrasound and contrast microbubble combined with urokinase group improved significantly compared with other groups (P<0.05);after 60 min, the recanalization grade of ultrasound and contrast microbubble and urokinase group was evidently better than other two group. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that disaggregation of clot and fibrous in this group at 60 min was better than the results at 15 min, 30 min. Conclusions Diagnostic ultrasound with microbubble contrast agent showed superior effects of thrombolysis and the synergism of combination of urokinase in vivo.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis versus resection arthroplasty for rheumatoid forefoot deformity.Methods Randomized controlled studies in the first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis versus resection arthroplasty for rheumatoid forefoot deformity were collected in data bases like Cochrane library (Issue 3,2011),OVID (from January 1996 to June 2012),PubMed (from January 1990 to June 2012),CNKI (from January 1990 to June 2012),CBM,EMBASE (from January 1966 to June 2012) and Wanfang (from January 1990 to June 2012).Software RevMan 5.1 was used to analyze the trials included in terms of patient satisfaction,hallux area weight-bearing,AOFAS score,FFI score,HAV angle,IMA angle,operative time and complications.Results The totals of 5 RCTs were included in the study which involved 285 patients.The results of meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of the arthrodesis group was superior to that of the arthroplasty group in footwear (MD=-0.88,95％CI [-1.55,-0.22],P=0.010)and alignment (MD=-5.04,95％CI [-8.94,-1.14],P=0.01) significantly.The arthrodesis group also has an advantage of IMA and HAV angle correction (MD=1.43,95％CI [0.37,2.48],P=0.008; MD=13.27,95％CI [11.44,15.09],P＜ 0.00001).Significant difference was found between the two groups in the rate of complications.The rate of complication in the arthrodesis group was lower than that of the arthroplasty group (OR=2.32,95％CI [1.06,5.05],P=0.03).No significant difference was found between the two groups in patient satisfaction and FFI score.Conclusion Compared with resection arthroplasty,first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis could be a better choice.It alleviates the pain effectively,improves the appearance and functions of the foot,and has a lower rate of postoperative complications.

Objective To follow up the changes of postnatal cardiac sizes and function in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Eighteen GDM mothers with euglycemia (GDM group) and 24 gestational age-matched normal pregnant women (control group),having prenatal examination and delivered in Women's Hospital of Fudan University from January to August in 2007, received fetal echocardiographic examination in late pregnancy. Infants of these GDM mothers and 24 age-matched healthy infants of normal pregnancy (control group) received sonographic follow up. Cardiac sizes and function were evaluated and compared. Results At birth, there were six (33.3%) infants of large for gestational age (LGA) and 12(66.7%) appropriate for gestational age(AGA) in GDM group, while in the control group, there were two LGA (8. 3%) and 22(91.7%)AGA infants (x2 =3. 840, P= 0. 05). Both the interventricular septum and left ventricular walls in GDM fetuses were thicker than in control fetuses (P ＜ 0.05). No increase in the thickness of ventricular walls was observed till infantile period. However, the end-systolic thickness of left ventricular walls in LGA infants was still larger than in control infants [(4.55 ± 0.37) mm vs (4. 13±0.39)mm, P＜0. 05], and end-diastolic left ventricular long-diameters were also larger [(37. 3±2.3) mm vs (34.6±2.6) mm] (P＜0. 05). In GDM fetuses, the peak velocities of aorta and pulmonary artery and left cardiac output were higher than in the controls (P＜ 0. 01 ), and right/left cardiac outputs ratios were lower (1.198±0.206 vs 1. 430±0. 321, t= -2.668,P=0. 011). Till infantile period, only right/left cardiac outputs ratios in AGA infants of GDM group were larger than in controls (P＜0. 05). GDM fetuses' left atrial shortening fraction and tricuspid E/A ratios were smaller (P＜0. 05). In infantile period, only left atrial shortening fraction in GDM infants was still smaller than in controls (0. 356 ± 0. 040 vs 0. 386 ± 0. 041, t = - 2. 332, P = 0. 025). Left and right ventricular Tei index in GDM fetuses were 0. 482±0. 129 and 0. 414±0. 094, both larger than those of control fetuses (0. 309 ± 0. 074 and 0. 283 ± 0. 072) (t = 5. 075 and 5. 129, P = 0. 000 ). Till infantile period they both became significantly lower and no differences were found among LGA, AGA and control infants. Conclusions The cardiac sizes and function at 2-3 months of age, in infants of GDM mothers with good glucose control, became better than that in uterus.