OBJECTIVE:To raise the exigency capacity of drug system to cope with the unexpected events of public heal_ th.METHODS:To set up a national drug contingency system(NDCS)for the unexpected events of public health.RESULTS:The NDCS should consist of the reserves of drugs,capacity,information and plan for emergent needs.CONCLUSION:Estab?lishment of NDCS is a way to access health mordernization.

Antiretroviral therapy(ART)has been started in an increasingly earlier period in clinical practice.However,owing to the failure of immunological reconstitution or maintenance of latent HIV-1 reservoir in present antiviral treatment,interleukin-2(IL-2)is widely used as an adjuvant to ART with a view to intensifying immunological reconstitution and to activating latent HIV-1 infections.Some conclusions could be drawn as follows,1)IL-2 can extend the half-life of CD+4 T cells and increase the number of CD+4 T cells.2)Compared with ART alone,IL-2 and HAART combination can not reduce HIV-1 related opportunistic infection or death.IL-2 clinical usage is mainly focused on purging HIV-1 reservoir.3)IL-2 combined with ART could increase out flow rate of HIV-1 latent reservoir to reduce HIV-1 infected quiescent memory cells in peripheral circulation even to an undetectable level.4)IL-2 is supposed to be used periodically and for a long period of time.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the development of hospital pharmaceutical information service(HPIS)and to bring pharmacists into full play in pharmaceutical service.METHODS:This article analyzed the running program of hospital pharmaceutical information and the existing problems in HPIS.RESULTS:New pattern of HPIS was put forward.CONCLUSION:HPIS is very important and should be promoted greatly.

OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of drug loading， medium composition， transdermal enhancer， lauryl alcohol and azone on percutaneous permeation of oxaprozin gel in vitro.METHODS： Drug permeation test was carried out by using modified Franz-type double compartment diffusion cell and isolated mice skin in vitro as transdermal barrier.RESULTS： Under the condition of an effective area of 5.77cm2， it was found that the result was stable and the reproducibility was well with drug loading more than 1.2g， the receiver solution ethanol to normal saline=7∶ 3(v∶ v);The transdermal enhancing effect of lauryl alcohol was superior to that of azone， the effect of mixed transdermal enhancer 3％ AZ＋ 10％ LA was the best.CONCLUSION： The selection of both the optimum release condition and the best penetration enhancers provided reference for oxaprozin transdermal delivery.The standardization of gel percutaneous test in vitro was discussed preliminarily.

Genomics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

In recent years, the emergence of single-port laparoscopic technology promoted the development of the technology of laparoscopy, but deficiencies like equipment conflict or lack of triangulation severely hampered the clinical application of this technology. The appearance of single-port laparoscopic flexible instruments makes up for those deficiencies to a great extent. The element is to add a wrist joint to the tip of the instrument to form triangulation and reduce equipment conflict. But this technique is still in an early stage of development. The purpose of this article is to summarize the characteristics and problems of existing flexible single-port laparoscopic instruments, and to provide information for the further improvement, finally the future development was expected.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; instrumentation

Rifabutin(RBT) is a rifamycin derivative,like rifampicin(RIF),registered for the prophylaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)in patients with AIDS by FDA in 1992.Subsequently,the drug was approved by many other countries.But now,it is used not only in the prophlaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex but also in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori.For its high lipophilic characteristic and weak inducing properties compare to other rifamycin derivative,it can be applied in treatment with many diseases successfully,especially when combine with other antibiotics,and can solve the problem of traditional antibiotics resistance and increase the clinical safety of combined medical treatment.This paper just shows the progress of clinical pharmacological study and related aspects on rifabutin in order to instruct prescription.

OBJECTIVE To investigate drugresistance and clinical distribution characteristics of Staphylococcus strains isolated from inpatients.METHODS The meticillin-resistance and drug-resistance of the Staphylococcus strains isolated from the clinical specimens of the inpatients in our hospital between 2003 and 2005 were tested.RESULTS Totally 768 Staphylococcus strains were mainly isolated from sputum,blood,pus and wound secretion.The main clinical wards were from pediatrics,ICU,tumor chemotherapy departments.The age of these inpatients were mainly over 60 years old(48.7%) and less than 13 years old(33.2%).Two hundred and ninetyStaphylococcus aureus strains(37.8%)and 478 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains(62.2%)were included.The isolated rates of meticillin-resistant S.aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulasenegative Staphylococcus were 74.8% and 89.1%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Infections of Staphylococcus are increased year by year among inpatients.There are high rates of meticillin-resistant strains.It is very important to monitor infections of Staphylococcus,to control the source of infections,to interrupt their spread and to protect impressionable inpatients,in order to prevent infections of Staphylococcus actively.

0.05). In the group of pirenzepine, the RBF, velocity and volume significantly increased at 0.5 h and 1 h after injection compared with that before injection (P0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that pirenzepine could increase RBF and oxygen in blood with the peak time at 0.5 h and 1 h after intravitreous injection.

BACKGROUND:Whether continuous passive motion improves osteoarthritis by enhancing the proliferation ability of chondrocytes is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the therapeutic outcomes of continuous passive motion in rabbits with osteoarthritis and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS:Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly al otted into three groups (n=12 per group). Rabbits in control group only underwent capsulotomy with no harm to the cartilage;osteoarthritis models were established in the rabbits of model and treatment groups using Hulth method. At 1 day after modeling, the treatment group rabbits were treated with continuous passive motion, 8 hours daily for consecutive 8 weeks. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factorαlevels in the synovial fluid were detected by ELISA;col agen type II expression and the proliferation ability of chondrocytes were detected by MTT assay;Erk signaling pathway activation was determined using western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the model group, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factorαlevels in the synovial fluid were significantly increased, and the expression level of col agen type II mRNA was remarkablely down-regulated. Continuous passive motion significantly downregulated interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factorαlevels and up-regulated the col agen type II mRNA level (P<0.01). The model group showed significantly decreased proliferation ability of chondrocytes and down-regulated Erk signaling pathway activation, while after continuous passive motion, al above indicators were significantly improved (P<0.01). These results indicate that the continuous passive motion can al eviate osteoarthritis probably by influencing interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factorαlevels, proliferation ability of chondrocytes, and col agen type II expression, as wel as regulating Erk signaling pathway activation.