Produced by bone cells and stored in the matrix.bone ceil growth factor can contribute to the regulation of bone growth.Gene regulation has its role in bone development.Many factors of this kind have been founded recently.They play their role during the bone formation and absorption processes in the way of autocrine and paracrine.The genes of core binding factor α_1(Cbfα_1)and estrogen receptor α(Erα)have been the recent years'hot factors that are related to the bone development,Gene polymorphism refers to variation on gene level which often occurs in the non-coding domain or the domain bearing no important regulatory function in gene order.This article reviewed the research status of the relation between Cbfα_1 and Erα gene polymorphism with bone development.

Objective ToinvestigatethementaldevelopmentsituationofpreschoolchildreninTaiyuan. Methods 1174preschoolchildrenoftwourbanareasinTaiyuanwereselected.TheyweretestedwithDenverDevel-opmentScreenTest(DDST).Results Thepassingratewas94.80%in1174children.Theirindividual-social reaction ability and movement ability were good in the three groups.In the subject-touch reaction ability,the passing rate ofvertical tilt at 30°insidewas 36.36%in 4 years old group,which was higher than the other projects.In the speaking ability,the passing rates of three right in four problems with knowing preposition were 15.88% and 27. 22% in 4 and 5 years old group,which were higher than the other projects.The culture degree of the mental retar-dation children's parents were lower than those of the normal children's parents,the difference were statistically signifi-cant(χ2=4.485,P=0.034;χ2=7.577,P=0.006).Conclusion DDSTisaquicklyscreeningmethodformental retardation children,it is suggested to be used in medical and health examination for preschool children.

Objective To explore the reliability of Chinese simplified diagnostic method for acute drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) in diagnosis of acute DILI .Methods From 2008 to 2013 ,a total of 320 patients diagnosed with acute DILI were enrolled .The clinical data of them were collected .International recognized Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM ) was taken as control and then simplified diagnostic method for DILI in China was evaluated . Variance analysis was performed for statistical analysis .Gamma value of two diagnostic methods was calculated and the correlation was analyzed .Results Among the 320 patients with acute DILI ,according to RUCAM ,there were 39 cases (12 .19% ) with quite high probability ,193 with high probability (60 .31% ) ,74 with possibility (23 .12% ) ,11 with less possibility (3 .44% ) and three with no probability (0 .94% ) .According to simplified diagnostic method for acute DILI ,194 cases were diagnosed (60 .62% ) ,103 were suspicious (32 .19% ) and 23 were excluded (7 .19% ) .The RUCAM score of diagnosed group (7 .5 ± 1 .2) was higher than that of suspicious group (5 .3 ± 1 .3) and excluded group (2 .1 ± 1 .1) ,and the difference was statistically significant (F =239 .545 ,P< 0 .01) .The correlation analysis between these two diagnostic methods indicated that Gamma value was 0 .955 (P < 0 .01) .Conclusions The simplified diagnostic method for acute DILI in China is simple ,practical and consistent with RUCAM .It can be used as one of the clinical methods for screening acute DILI .

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expressions of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (Ntcp) and bile salt export pump (Bsep),as well as the liver function markers in the serum including total bilirubin (TBIL),total bile acids (TBA),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mice.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were intra-peritoneally injected with different doses of 5,10,20 or 40 mg/kg LPS (n =24),respectively.No treatment or treated with 0.9％ NaC1 in mice as controls.Serum TBIL,TBA,ALT and AST levels were measured at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after LPS injection in each group.The mRNA expressions of Ntcp and Bsep were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The liver histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E).Results The Ntcp and Bsep mRNA expressions in mice liver were significantly lower in livers of LPS-treated mice within 24-72 h compared with control group,and the lowest level was reached at 24 h in a dose-dependent manner.And the relative expressions of Ntcp mRNA and Bsep mRNA were (0.64 ± 0.02),(0.53 ± 0.14),(0.25±0.09),(0.15±0.07)and (0.74±0.12),(0.58±0.11),(0.41±0.09),(0.27 ± ± 0.11) in livers of mice injected with LPS in the different doses of 5,10,20,40 mg/kg,respectively.In addition,serum levels of TBIL,TBA,ALT,and AST were significantly increased in mice of LPS-treated group compared with control group,particularly within 24 h after LPS treatment.Serum levels of TBIL,TBA,ALT,and AST were significantly decreased in mice of 40 mg/kg LPS-treated 72 h group compared with 24 h group presenting them with (1.29 ± 0.25) μ mol/L vs.(1.71 ± 0.22) μ moL/L,(6.97 ± 0.98) μmol/Lvs.(8.96±1.01) μmol/L,(120.17±21.08) U/L vs.(179.22±16.57) U/L,(360.34 ±35.31) U/L vs.(510.97 ± 34.70) U/L,respectively.Furthermore,histological changes in liver depend on dose and the course of LPS treatment.Cytoplasm rarefaction and inflammatory cells infiltration were detected at 24 h after treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg LPS.Acidophilic and vacuolar degeneration,neutrophils infiltration in the hepatic sinusoid and portal area,the proliferation of bile ductulus were observed at 48 h,72 h after treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg LPS.In the 20 or 40 mg/kg LPS treatment groups,focal necrosis,infiltration with inflammatory cells,proliferation of bile ductulus and expansion of duct were observed at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after LPS treatment.Conclusions LPS decreases the mRNA expressions of Ntcp and Bsep in a dose dependent manner in mice,contributing to mechanism of liver injury induced by endotoxin.

Objective To evaluate the value of two-dimension and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) for different segments of lower extremity compared with digital subtract angiography(DSA). Methods Fifty-eight patients suspected of DVT enrolled in the study. Every segment venous of affected extremities was observed by CDFI. All patients underwent DSA examination. CDFI findings were compared with the results of DSA. Statistical analysis was according to quadruple tabular form. The indexes include sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive rate and so on. Every segment of lower extremity deep venous was evaluated and analysis. Results Total of 150 vessels of fifty-eight patients were detected with CDFI and DSA. Evaluation findings of statistical analysis with quadruple tabular form as follows= sensitivity of common lilac vein was 82.6%, specificity was 66.7%; sensitivity of external lilac vein was 83.3%, specificity was 80.0%; sensitivity of hypogastria vein was 80.0 %, specificity was 66.7%;sensitivity of popliteal vein was 92.6 %, specificity was 92.2 % ;sensitivity of femoral vein was 96.2%, specificity was 93.8% ; sensitivity of anterior tibial vein was 71.4%, specificity was 75.0%; sensitivity of posterior tibial veins was 72.7%, specificity was 75.0%. Conclusions As the first-choice examination for DVT, ultrasonography has different diagnostic value for different segment of venous. It is more sensitive and accurate for femoral, popliteal and external iliac veins thrombus, but less sensitive for anterior,posterior tibial veins and bypass circuit vessels.

The antitumor effect and the mechanism of action of ursolic acid in A549 cells(human non-small-cell lung cancer cells) was investigated in this paper. Firstly, MTT assay was performed to test whether ursolic acid could inhibit the growth of A549 cells. Secondly, Western blot was utilized to measure the expression level of COX-2 and the activation of MAPKs. The MTI assay revealed that ursolic acid inhibited the growth of A549 cells. The result of Western blot suggested that ursolic acid inhibited the expression of COX-2 and activation of ERK and ERK specific inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the expression of COX-2 synergistically with ursolic acid. Taken together, our data suggest that ursolic acid can suppress LPS-induced COX-2 expression in A549 cells, which could be due to the inhibition of the activation of ERK.

To review the background and advance of a strategy of bioethnopharmaceutical analytical pharmacology(BAP).BAP is an idea for elucidating absorbed bioactive compound(ABC)in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula or herbal remedy.It is also a mode of active comparison between absorbed compounds and the parent formula including determination of ABC in blood,the ABC dosage identical to its content in formula,and the active comparison of ABC and the parent formula.The ABC of Guan-Xin-Er-Hao formula elucidated by BAP strategy has been reviewed and the significance of BAP strategy will be further discussed.

Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Culture Media ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Respiratory System ; cytology ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in acupuncture for pain threshold at different time points among the groups of 9 TCM constitutions.

METHODSThe cross-sectional survey was adopted to investigate TCM constitutions among 600 subjects and determine 9 TCM constitution types (neutral constitution, qi-deficiency constitution, yang-deficiency constitution, yin-deficiency constitution, phlegm-damp constitution, damp-heat constitution, blood-stagnation constitution, qi-stagnation constitution, special diathesis constitution). The same acupuncture manipulation was applied to Zusanli (ST 36) on the left side in the subjects and the needle was retained for 30 min. The tenderness threshold was detected with 2390 type Von Frey apparatus at different time points, named before acupuncture, at the moment after qi arrival, in 10 min of needle retaining, in 30 min of needle retaining and in 15 min after needle withdrawal in the subjects of 9 TCM constitutions.

RESULTSThe interactive effect happened between the constitution type and time point (P < 0.05). Among the groups of 9 TCM constitutions, the pain threshold values at the moment after qi arrival (except blood-stagnation constitution, qi-stagnation constitution, special diathesis constitution) in 10 min of needle retaining and in 30 min of needle retaining were increased as compared with those before acupuncture separately (P < 0.01), among which, the value increase was the most significant in 30 min of needle retaining. The differences in the pain thresholds were significant in 15 min after needle withdrawal in the groups of neutral constitution and damp-heat constitution as compared with those before acupuncture (both P < 0.01). In 10 min of needle retaining and in 30 min of needle retaining, as compared with the group of neutral constitution, the changes in pain thresholds of the rest abnormal constitutions were apparently lower (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) presents different effects among the groups of different constitution types. The effect maintaining durations are different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Management ; Pain Threshold ; Yang Deficiency ; therapy ; Yin Deficiency ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate Western blot analysis in diagnosing limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). Methods The clinical records including their pathological and biochemical results of 4 patients with LGMD type 2 were reviewed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were performed on muscle biopsy specimens from the four patients. The expressions of dysferlin and calpain-3 in muscles were analyzed by Western biol. Results All 4 LGMD patients shared some common clinical features, such as dorsal muscular atrophy of lower limbs and remarkably elevated CK. The immunohistochemical results showed partial or complete deficiency of dysferlin staining in all 4 LGMD patients. However, Western blot revealed that the calpain-3 protein in the muscle of patient 1 was completely absent, who was later diagnosed with LGMD2A. The other 3 patients had complete dysferlin deficiency with reduced calpain-3 expression and they were confirmed to be LGMD2B. Conclusions Western blot analysis of calpain-3 and dysfcrlin can be used to differentiate LGMD2A which shows absence of calpain-3 from other LGMD types which show dysferlin deficiency. Western blot is an invaluable method in clinical diagnosis of LGMD2A.