Aim The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of capsule A(Maiwei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, China) and capsule B (Xianjing Pharmaceu-tical, Hunan, China) were studied. Methods A single oral dose of 600 mg gemfibrozilof these two kinds of capsules was given to 12 chinese healthy male volunteers in anopen, randomized crossover study. Plasma levels were determined with HPLC-UVmethod. Results The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to 1-compartmentopen model with a first order and lag time absorption and the major pharmacokineticparameters of capsules A and B were shown respectively as following: C max(32. 69?5. 67 )and (29. 41?2. 60) mg?L-1; Tmax (1. 01?0. 14) and (1. 13?0. 37) h, t1/2ka(0. 46 ? 0. 18) and (0. 62 ? 0. 20) h; C max (1. 11 ? 0. 32) and (1. 32 ? 0. 26) h; MRT(2. 14 ? 0.27) and (2. 37 ? 0.26) h; AUC (91.7 ? 13.2) and (82.2 ? 7. 38) mg?h? L-1. There were no significantly differences between the pharmacokinetic parame-ters of capsule A and B. The relative bioavailability of the capsule A was (110 ? 9) % ascompared to the capsule B. Conclusion The two kinds of capsules have the equivalentbiological effects.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro biological safety of acellular spinal cord scaffold so as to provide theoretical basis for constructing the ideal tissue engineering scaffold of spinal cord.Methods A piece of thoracic spinal cord for 2 cm removed from SD rats was harvested and then was treated by freezing and thawing and chemical extraction with 3% sodium deoxyeholate and 1 KU/ml DNaseI and RNaseA. Gross observation and histological examination of the acellular spinal cord scaffold were carried out to learn the condition of the extracellular matrix scaffold. The biological safety of the acellular spinal cord scaffold was evaluated. Results In cross section, network of the extracellular matrix was presented in the scaffold. The cells, myelin and axons disappeared after the spinal cord was treated with sodium deoxycholate, DNaseI and RNaseA. Typical network of empty tubes were viewed in longitudinal sections. General toxic reaction, pyrogen test, hemolysis test and cytotoxicity test were conforming to the standard of materials. Conclusion As neotype tissue engineering material, the acellular spinal cord scaffold has satisfactory biological safety.

Objective To investigate the expression of CKLF?2 mRNA in rats′ myocardium at different development phase. Methods Total RNA was extracted from fetal rat hearts at day12 and day 18 after coitus, and from new-born rat hearts right after birth, day 3, day 7 and day 21 after birth, as well as from adult rat hearts. The expression of CKLF?2 mRNA was tested by competitive polymerase chain reaction (CPCR). Results Compared with the postnatal myocardium, the expression of CKLF?2 mRNA obtained its peak level in the 12-day-post coitus, which then decreased gradually to a relatively low level until birth. It increased slightly at birth and subsided to the lowest level in adulthood. Conclusion CKLF?2 probably takes part in the procession of the myocardial proliferation and the development of rat′s heart.

0.05).Measurement results of adjacent segment movement extention showed more significant changes in the fusion group than in the non-fusion group(P

[Objective]Using a procedure of chemical agent to remove the cells and myethin in spinal cord of rat and to prepare the scaffold of extracellular matrix,so as to obtain an ideal natural spinal cord scaffold to bridge the nerve gap.[Method]Rat spinal cord was cut and treated using the method of freeze thawing and chemical extraction(3%sodiumdeoxycholate and 1KU/ml DNaseI,RNaseA).Histology was exploited to evaluate the degree of acellular and the structure of the spinal cord scaffold.[Result]In cross section,network of the extracellular matrix was presented in the scaffold.The cells,myethin and axons disappeared after the spinal cord was treated with sodium deoxycholate and DNaseI,RNaseA.Typical network of empty tubes were viewed in longitudinal sections.[Conclusion]An ideal spinal cord scaffold can be produced with the method designed in authors experiment.This scaffold has similar three dimensional structure with normal spinal cord,which can be used as a graft to bridge the nerve gap directly or as a scaffold to implant the seeding cells in spinal cord tissue engineering.The experiment indicates that cells and myethin can be removed and the three dimensional structure be reserved by chemical extraction with 3% sodium deoxycholate and 1KU/ml DNaseI,RNaseA.Chemical extraction is an ideal method to prepare tissue engineer scaffold of spinal cord.

[Objective] To investigate the immunogenicity of the acellular spinal cord scaffold and to provide theoretical basis for its further application in tissue engineering.[Method]Acellular spinal cord(freeze thawing +3%sodiumdeoxycholate + DNaseI 、RNaseA)and fresh spinal cord of rats were implanted into paravertebral muscles of rats.The tissue was obtained at 1、2、3 and 4w after the operation,then the inflammatory reaction was evaluated by HE stain and the immunogenicity of acelular scaffold was tested by immunohistochemical examination of the intensity of CD3+ 、CD4+ and CD8+ cells that infiltrated the allografts.[Result]The bistological examination indicated that acellular spinal cord scaffold was surrounded by a amount of neutrophilic cells and lymphocytes one week postoperatively,yet two weeks postoperatively,there was only small amount of lymphocytes infiltration.Fresh spinal cord allograft elicited an intense acute inflammatory infiltrate,and two weeks later,there still had a mount of lymphocytes infiltration.The intensity of CD3+、CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that infiltrated the allografts was greatly lower in acellular spinal cord than that in fresh spinal cord.The mild cell-mediated host-graft immune rejection in acellular spinal cord was observed.[Conclusion]The acellular spinal cord scaffold has mild inflammatory reaction and immune rejection,suggestting it is qualified for some biological properties and it may be a potential alternative scaffold of tissue engineering.

Objective To compare the effect of 2 decellularizing methods,sodium deoxycholate plus Triton X-100 or plus DNase and Rnase,in the preparation of acelluar allograft spinal cord scaffold in order to provide an ideal natural spinal cord scaffold to bridge the nerve gap.Methods Spinal cord was removed from health rats,and then decellularized by the method of freeze thawing(immersing in 3% sodium deoxycholate followed by the mixture of 1?103 U/ml DNase and RNase),or by chemical extraction(immersing in 1% Triton X-100 and then 1% sodium deoxycholate).HE staining,myelin staining and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to evaluate the spinal cord scaffold after the 2 methods of decellularization.Results Both cells and myelin were completely decellularized with the 2 methods.In cross section,network of the extracellular matrix was presented without axon,sheath and cells nucleus being seen in the scaffold.Typical network of empty tubes were viewed in longitudinal sections.Conclusion An ideal spinal cord scaffold can be produced with these 2 decellularizing methods in tissue engineering.The scaffold made by the 2 methods have similar three dimensional structure with normal spinal cord,so can be used as a graft to bridge the nerve gap directly or as a scaffold to implant the seeding cells in spinal cord tissue engineering.

Clinical data of 14 patients with iatrogenic duodenal injuries treated in hospital from January 2000 and January 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.Iatrogenic duodenal injuries were found intraoperatively in 9 cases,in whom repair or additional jejunostomy was performed and all were cured and discharged.In 2 patients the duodenal injuries were found within 24 hours postoperatively,1 was cured,another had low flow duodenal fistula and cured with conservative treatment.Duodenal bypass and extraoral drainage were performed in 2 patients whose duodenal injuries was found 72 hours after surgery and died from severe infection of retroperitoneal space and multiple organ failure respectively.One patient whose duodenal injury was found 7 d postoperatively suffered from septic shock and died in 4 h after admission.The results suggest that early detection and early management would result in satisfied outcome for patients with iatrogenic duodenal injuries,the first 24 hours are crucial.

Objective To observe three-dimensional structure and biological features of rat acellular spinal cord scaffold prepared by sonic oscillation and chemical extraction in order to offer an ideal scaffold for spinal cord tissue engineering research.Methods Rat spinal cord underwent acellular treatment with sonic oscillation and chemical extraction (Triton X-100 at volume fracture of 2％ and sodium deoxycholate at volume fracture of 2％) (acellular spinal cord group).In contrast with spinal cord tissue of normal rats (control group),general morphology,histology and ultramicro three-dimensional structure of acellular spinal cord scaffold were observed and aperture size,factor of porosity,water ratio,enzymolysis ratio and stability in water solution of the scaffold were also detected.Results Acellular spinal cord group showed effective removal of original cell components with factor of porosity for (94.57 ±3.45) ％ and water content for (88.62 ± 1.0) ％,and satisfactory three-dimensional structure with average aperture of 46 μm.Scaffold showed gradual degradation in enzymolysis solution and enzymolysis rate reached (69.03 ± 2.19)％ at 20 hours.Besides,scaffold showed stepwise disintegration in double distilled water and hydrolysis rate was (62.55 ± 1.70) ％ at 8 days.While,normal spinal cord showed close structure,generous neurons and myelin sheath with factor of porosity for (0.04 ± 0.02) ％ and water content for (62.4 ± 1.5) ％,and unobvious pore structure under scanning electron microscope.Normal spinal cord were degraded gradually in enzymolysis solution and enzymolysis rate was (37.62 ± 0.9)％ at 20hours.In the meantime,normal spinal cord were disintegrated gradually in double distilled water and hydrolysis rate was (40.97 ± 0.81) ％ at 8 days.Conclusions Acellular spinal cord scaffold prepared by sonic oscillation plus chemical extraction achieves complete removal of cell components,intact extracellular matrix,and satisfactory results in three-dimensional network structures,factor of porosity and water content.Also,the scaffold meets theoretical demands of tissue-engineered spinal cord scaffold and is an ideal alterative for tissue-engineered spinal cord scaffold.

Adult ; Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged