Objective To put forward the prevention advice on foreign body suction,and to discuss the effica-cy,safety and application experience of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Methods The treatment experience of 38 cases for airway foreign body removal with flexible bron-choscopy and granulation tissue proliferation in Argon plasma coagulation ( APC ) ( argon knife ) combining carbon dioxide( CO2 ) cryotherapy in Bayi Children′s Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command from January 2013 to December 2014 were reviewed,and the clinical data including age,gender,treatment time for inhaled foreign body,clinical and X-ray manifestations,location of the foreign body,treatment with bronchoscopy with APC and cryotherapy,complications and outcomes were analyzed. Results There were 38 cases of patients including 31 male (81. 6%) and 7 female(18. 4%),aged from 10 months to 14 years old,with mean age 28. 5 months;among them there were 30 cases with definite history of foreign body,accounting for 78. 9%;the most common clinical symptom was cough among the cases,accounting for 84. 3%;X ray showed 15 cases with ipsilateral lung atelectasis,accounting for 39. 5%, emphysema in 17 cases,accounting for 44. 7%,pneumonia change in 6 cases,accounting for 15. 8%,there were 11 ca-ses who had lung computerized tomography examination when coming to the hospital,and only 1 case could be seen to have foreign body shadow;microscopic examination found that inhaled foreign body in the right bronchus accounted for 57. 9%,and peanut was the main foreign body inhalation in this group;only 4 cases(10. 5%) had definite diagnosis and foreign body removal within 24 h after foreign body aspiration,moreover,34 cases(89. 5%) with foreign body aspi-ration got the diagnosis and treatment after 24 h;crying was the primary inducement for inhaled foreign body. All the 38 cases of children with inhaled foreign body experienced removal under flexible bronchoscopy. There were 19 cases (50. 0%) who had granulation tissue proliferation around the foreign body,among which 5 cases of foreign body was wrapped by the proliferation of granulation tissue,with APC dealing with the granulation tissue of foreign body surface to remove foreign body after exposure,then giving CO2 cryotherapy. Nevertheless,there were 9 cases of foreign body who had granulation tissue but was not wrapped,receiving CO2 cryotherapy directly after the foreign body removal. One case of this group had bradycardia during the surgery,and 2 cases had postoperative bleeding,but there was no death cases with foreign bodies removal. Conclusions Education is the key to prevent foreign body aspiration in infants under 3 years old. Flexible bronchoscopy is safe to remove foreign bodies from the respiratory tract and has fewer complications, so it is one of the alternative methods in diagnosis and treatment of foreign body inhalation.

Objective To explore the operating methods,the effectiveness and safety for 2 cases of tracheal in-tubation related severe subglottic stenosis under laryngeal mask by using bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and interven-tional treatment. Methods Two male patients ( age at 4 and 11 months) both had difficulty breathing and weaning failure after endotracheal intubation,who were diagnosed with severe subglottic stenosis through CT and bronchoscopy examination. All parents signed their consent after being fully informed of treatment risks. Two cases were treated under bronchoscopic holmium laser combined with argon plasma coagulation and freezing treatment by using the laryngeal mask. The clinical data, complications and postoperative outcome and follow-up were analyzed. Results Two cases were operated successfully,the subglottic granulation tissue of 1 case was completely removed,2 cases of patients had subglottic narrow annular completely removed, and there was no problem for 4. 0 mm bronchoscope to get through,postoperative tracheal catheter was successfully extracted,dyspnea was significantly improved. Two cases imme-diately showed well open after treatment,7 d,30 d and 90 d through endoscopic examination. During the operation,oxy-gen saturation decreased and heart rate increased fast or slowed down,but after operation and oxygen got resumed,they immediately recovered,and there were no abnormal hemodynamic changes during and after operation. The two cases were still under follow-up. Conclusions The laryngeal mask holmium laser,argon plasma coagulation and cryotherapy can be used to remove acquired granulation tissue hyperplasia caused by subglottic stenosis,which is safe and effective, and the short-term effect was remarkable. Long-term effect still needs to be further assessed through follow-up.

Objective To evaluate the value of CT in diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disk herniation. Methods The observation of CT appearances of 146 cases and the size, type, position of cervical intervertebral disk herniation were analyzed. Results ①Cervical intervertebral disk herniation was always multi-segments,often lolated at C4,5and C5,6. ②C5,6was mostly seen (142 cases,97.3%). ③Among centric and lateral type,centic type was mostly seen { 135 cases,92.5%). ④Of 135 cases of centric type,54 cases were mild type (< 2 mm) ,66 cases were moderate type (2 ～ 4 mm) , 15 cases were severe type (> 4 mm). Conclusion CT scan is convenient, efficient,accuracte and the first choice method in diagnosing cervical intervertebral disk herniation.

AIM: To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in the Kupffer cells (KCs) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and interleukin-1?(IL-1?), in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dwaley rats were randomized into three groups: ①sham operation rats, ②SAP rats, ③SAP rats given the p38 MAPK inhibitor CNI-1493(10 mg/kg, iv). The SAP model was induced by the bili-pancreatic duct infusion with 5% sterile soduim taurocholate solution. Rats from each group were killed at 12 h after sham operation or SAP and Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated. The mRNA expressions of TNF-? and IL-1? (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) and p38 MAPK activity (by Western blot analysis) in KCs were examined. The levels of TNF-? and IL-1? in plasma were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: There was a significant acvitation of p38 MAPK in KCs harvested from SAP rats than those from sham operation rats. SAP also promoted the mRNA expressions of TNF-? and IL-1? in KCs and the plasma levels of TNF-? and IL-1?. These events were significantly inhibited by treatment with CNI-1493.CONCLUSIONS: p38 MAPK activation is one important aspect of the signaling events that may mediate the KCs production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-? and IL-1?, in SAP rats. The inhibition of the p38 MAPK may be a potential target in the prevention and treatment of SAP.

Objective To evaluate the value of lymphoscintigraphy in diagnosis of chylous ascites in children.Methods Lymphoscintigraphy was done in 6 cases,computed tomography(CT) was done in 4 cases,X-ray exam was done 42 times.And their video repore were compared.Results Lymphoscintigraphy was done in 6 cases,5 cases′ results were positive which diagnosed chylous ascites,and their leaking positions were also found.Conclusion Lymphoscintigraphy has the qualitative and orientational effect on diagnosis of children with chylous ascites.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for postoperative stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early stage esophageal cancer.Methods The data of 362 patients with early esophageal cancer treated by ESD from January 2007 to February 2012 were reviewed to investigate the risk factors of postoperative stricture.Results Esophageal stricture after ESD occurred in 42 patients (11.6％)with a mean time from ESD to stricture of (58.5 ± 12.3) days.The rates of mild,median and severe stricture were 16.7％ (7/42),38.1％ (16/42) and 45.2％ (19/42),respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that lesion range ＞ 3/4 esophageal circumference (odds ration [OR]:44.2 ; 95％ confidence interval [CI]:4.4-443.6) and tumor invasion beyond m2 (OR:14.2; 95 ％ CI:2.7-74.2) were independent risk factors.Stricture level was related to lesion's circumferential extension (relational coefficient (φ) =0.47,P ＜ 0.05) and tumor invasion depth (relational coefficient (φ) =0.647,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Circumferential extension and invasion depth of early esophageal cancer were independent risk factors for post-ESD esophageal stricture and related with the degree of stricture.

Objective To investigate the association between 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (HTR2A)gene T102C locus polymorphism and schizophrenia,and to provide basis for evidence-based medicine for the genetic background of schizophrenia.Methods PubMed,EMbase,CNKI,WanFang and Vip information databases were used to search full text of all the relevant studies about the association between HTR2A gene T102C locus polymorphism and schizophrenia,which were published during 2003 to 2012.Based on reviewing full text,the data were selected, evaluated and accessed. RevMan 5.1 and Stata 1 2.0 were used to perform the statistical analysis of those studies that were in accordance with the inclusive criteria. According to the different ethnicities, the obj ects were divided into two subgroups as European and Asian to analyze respectively. Also, depending on different inheritances, the obj ects were divided into five patterns including C/T allele, CC/TT, CC/CT+TT, CC+CT/TT and CC+ TT/CT genotypes to analyze respectively, including heterogeneity inspection, effect consoliating and publication bias assessment. Results A total of 11 studies were available for this analysis, including 2 443 schizophrenia patients and 2 469 controls.The Meta-analysis results showed that the allele of all people were OR=1.12,95%CI=0.96-1.31,P>0.05;CC/TT of all people were OR=1.11,95%CI=0.80-1.53,P>0.05;CC/CT+TT of all people were OR=1.13,95%CI=0.99-1.30,P>0.05;CC+CT/TT of all people were OR=1.18, 95%CI=0.93-1.50,P>0.05;CC+TT/CT of all people were OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.84-1.06,P>0.05.Conclusion Current evidence is insufficient to show that HTR2A gene T102C locus polymorphism may be associated with schizophrenia, suggesting that the gene polymorphism has no significantly genetic association with schizophrenia.

ObjectiveTo evaluate a second endoscopy for prevention of delayed bleeding after ESD.MethodsData of 67 patients with gastric epithelial neoplasms undergoing ESD from May to November 2011 were reviewed.The median age was 63 ( 31 ～ 84) years.All patients were followed up by endoscopy on the first and the third day after ESD.ResultsOf 67 lesions,5 were located at cardia,6 at gastric body,3 at fundus,35 at antrum,16 at gastric angle,and 2 at residual stomach.The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 3.73±4 1.24 (2.0 ～ 7.0) cm.There were no intraoperative complications.Post-ESD delayed bleeding was detected by endoscopy in 6 (9.0％ ) patients,with 5 on the third day and 1 on the fourth day.Forrest grading showed 2 cases of Ⅰ b,and 4 of Ⅱ b.All 6 cases were cured by endoscopy.The incidence of postoperative bleeding was far more than that evaluated based on the patients' clinical manifestations only.But therapeutic effect and saffety were the same according to the follow-up results.ConclusionIncidence of post-ESD bleeding is high,but there are no symptoms or severe consequences,so a second endoscopy after gastric ESD may contribute little to the prevention of delayed bleeding.

ObjectiveTo investigate the managements of complications during and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia (EA).MethodsData of 119 EA patients who underwent POEM from October 2010 to July 2011 were collected.Complications during and after POEM and during follow-up were analyzed.Results Complications during operation included bleeding in 19 patients ( 16.0％ ),mucosa rupture in 9 (7.6％),mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in 27 (22.7％ ) and pneumothorax in 3 (2.5％ ).Complications occurred at the night of procedure included pain in 43 (36.1％ ) patients and pneumothorax in 7 ( 5.9％ ).Postoperative complications included asymptomatic pneumothorax in 23 patients (19.3％),delayed hemorrhage in 1(0.8％),pleural effusion in 58 (48.7％ ),minor pulmonary inflammation or segmental atelectasis in 59 (49.6％),emphysema of mediasti-na and subcutaneous tissue in 76 (63.9％ ),and gas under diaphragm or aeroperitoneum in 47 (39.5％ ).Complications during follow-up included one case of dysphagia caused by stricture of mucosa and one case of dehiscence at the tunnel entry with food retention.No POEM-correlated death occurred.All the complications were cured by conservative treatments.No additional surgery was needed.ConclusionMain complications as emphysema of mediastina and subcutaneous tissue,pneumothorax,aeroperitoneum and bleeding during and after POEM can be treated timely and effectively with conservative treatment.

Objective To compare the different doses of low-temperature plasma (LTP) on wound healing in BALB/c mice so as to discuss the effects of the optimal dose of low-temperature plasma dealing with wound in mice and the acting mechanism of wound healing.Methods Adoptatmospheric pressure plasma jet discharged by the dielectric barrier was used to treat mouse skin wound.According to the processing time, the wounds were divided into 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s experimental groups, while naturally healing wounds served as negative controls and the wounds dealt with recombinant human epidermal growth factor served as positive controls.We recorded the wound size every day, observed the histopathological changes, the expression level of type Ⅰ collagen by immunofluorescence, and analyzed the composition of low-temperature plasma jet.Results The wounds with plasma treatment time of 10s, 20s, 30s, and 40s showed significant daily improvement and almost complete closure at days 12, 10, 7, 13, respectively.However, the wounds with plasma treatment time of 50s remained unhealed atday 14.The wounds in positive control group all healed, and the wound healing effect in positive control group could be achieved in 30s group.HE staining and immunofluorescence staining assays showed the optimal result of epidermal cell regeneration, granulation tissue hyperplasia, and collagen deposition in histological aspect at day 7 in 30 s group.The low-temperature plasma jet contained highly reactive free radicals of nitrogen and oxygen, which play an important role in wound healing process.Conclusion Appropriate doses of cold plasma can accelerate wound healing whereas over-doses of plasma can suppress wound healing.The process of wound healing may be related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in LTP.