Objective To evaluate the value of intra-cavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound (IC-CEUS) via abdomen in fistulas difficult to diagnose before operation.Methods Clinical data of 12 patients with preoperative clinical suspicion of Crohn's Disease (CD) complications of fistula were enrolled in the study.Colonoscopy,cystoscope,or CT/MR has not confirmed the diagnosis of intra abdominal fistulas.IC-CEUS were performed by locally-injection of contrast agent in abdominal abscess,observing fistula and the relationship with the adjacent organs in CEUS mode.Diagnostic criteria were surgical findings.Results Fistulas in 10 patients were detected by IC-CEUS,including 7 cases of Ileo-mesenteric fistuls,2 cases of il eo-vesical fistulas,and 1 case of colo-vesical fistula.The accuracy rate of IC-CEUS in diagnosis of fistulas difficult to diagnose before operation in Crohn's disease was 83.3％ (10/12).No severe adverse events occurred during and after IC-CEUS procedure.Conclusions Our preliminary study shows that IC-CEUS is feasible in detecting abdominal fistula with high accuracy.It might be used as the alternative imaging tech nique for detecting fistulas when CT and MR are insufficient.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of integrative medicine protocols on the neural function deficit and short-term disability outcomes in patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke.

METHODS99 patients were randomly assigned to three groups, i.e., the Dengzhan Xixin (fleabane) group (Group A), the Kudiezi (sowthistle-leaf ixeris seedling) group (Group B), and the Western medicine control group (Group C). Dengzhan Xixin Injection was intravenously dripped to patients in Group A for 14 days. Chinese decoction was administered to them by pattern typing as well. Meanwhile, they took Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule for two months. Kudiezi Injection was intravenously dripped to patients in Group B for 14 days. Chinese decoction was administered to them by pattern typing as well. Meanwhile, they took Naoshuantong Capsule for two months. In addition to internal therapies, patients in Group A and B received acupuncture, massage, and external washing with Chinese medicine for 21 days. Patients in Group C also received modem rehabilitation therapy for 21 days, including rehabilitation training and electronic stimulus in addition to the internal medicine. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and disability outcome (modified Rank Scale, mRS) were taken as main effect indices.

RESULTSThe NIHSS scores at each time point obviously decreased more than before treatment in all the three groups (P<0.01), but with no difference at each time point (P>0.05). The disability outcomes of all the three groups postponed as time went by. Significant difference existed among the three groups by log-lineal model (CATMOD) (P<0.05). The best effect was shown in Group B, with the markedly effective rate of 19. 35% and the total effective rate 54.84%.

CONCLUSIONSThe integrative medicine protocols could improve the nerve functions of ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, it could improve the disability outcomes. The comprehensive protocol (Kudiezi Injection + Naoshuantong Capsule + Chinese decoction according to pattern typing + acupuncture + massage + external washing with Chinese medicine) was better.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Ischemia ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Stroke ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Social Behavior ; Tupaiidae ; physiology

One factor at a time design and first order exponential model were applied to investigate the effects of the four major factors(temperature,ionic strength,pH and osmo-regulator) in the preservation process of nitrite oxidization bacteria(NOB),and a first order decay kinetics was introduced.The result showed that the anoxic decay rate of nitrifying bacteria reduced from 0.25 to 0.015,the half life was extend to 53d at 4℃,pH7.60,ionic strength 0.035mol/kg.The protecting effect of glycerin showed obviously better than that of other cryoprotectants at 4℃.

Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) osteomyelitis, a significant complication for patients un-dergoing fracture fixation, is a great challenge for orthopaedic surgeons due to its extreme difficulty in mangae-ment. Animal models play an important role in exploring the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and determining the efficacy of prophylactics and therapeutic treatment. To help understand current animal models of S. aureus os-teomyelitis, we conduct a systematic search to identify animal experiments that have investigated the management of S. aureus osteomyelitis. Experimental studies are categorized by animal species and are further classified by the setting of infection. Study methods are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of each species and model are discussed.

Objective To study the anti-fatigue effect of Cynomorium songaricum flavone(CSF)on old rats.Methods50 old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group(no swimming,no drugs),single swimming group(swimming,given saline by gavage),and three swimming plus CSF groups(swimming,given CSF 20 g/kg weight,10 g/kg weight and 5 g/kg weight respectively),total five groups with 10 animals in each group.Animals swam with free swimming in endless cycles water 30 minutes once every day for 10 days.The level of monoamine oxidase(MAO) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) in blood of animals were examined by MAO kit,GSH-px kit and ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 11th day.ResultsCompared with single swimming group,the body weights of swimming plus CSF groups increased significantly by 12.9%,80.6% and 200% respectively(P<0.01);swimming times before sinking increased by 19.4%,29% and 48.4%;sinking times of each rat(time/10 min) decreased by 17.8%,43.2% and 72.9%;total swimming times increased by 2.8%,7% and 29.6% respectively(P<0.01);MAO decreased by 60%,69.8% and 80.5%,GSH-px increased by 465.3%,563.8% and 635% respectively(P<0.01).ConclusionCSF shows anti-oxidative and anti-fatigue properties and can be given as prophylactic/therapeutic supplements for increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and preventing lipid peroxidation during strenuous exercise.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of catecholamine hormone on the blood and brain of heroin addicts.

METHODSRats were divided into three groups and treated with the glucose (control group), the heroin (im) (heroin group), and the combination of the intramuscular injection of reserpine and heroin (reserpine group). Changes in the levels of the dopamine (DA), cAMP, and cGMP were detected by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method in the blood and brain tissue.

RESULTSNo significant withdrawal symptoms were observed in the reserpine group. Compared with the control and heroin groups, the blood cAMP levels were increased by 35.36% and 15.53% in the reserpine group, respectively; the cAMP levels in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (Hipp) were increased by 24.08% & 8.53%, 15.66% & 8.13%, and 21.95% & 8.40%, respectively. While compared to the control and heroin groups, the DA levels of the PFC, Hipp, striatum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were significantly reduced in the reserpine group, decreasing by 74.09% & 82.86%, 81.06% & 82.23%, 91.62% & 86.55% and 84.35% & 90.63%, respectively. The concentrations of cGMP of the brain tissues in the reserpine group were lower than those in the control group. In addition, the neural electrophysiological testing showed that the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and muscle spindle discharge diagram of rats in both the reserpine and heroin groups were apparently changed.

CONCLUSIONCatecholamine hormone plays an important role in heroin addiction.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Catecholamines ; physiology ; Cyclic AMP ; blood ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; blood ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; blood ; metabolism ; Heroin Dependence ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of electro-acupuncture to improve the bladder function after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSSixty healthy adult male SD rats of SPF grade, with body weight of 220 to 250 g, one week after feeding adaptation, were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, electro-acupuncture control group with 15 rats in each group. Sham operation group underwent no stimulation, and the moderate damage model of spinal cord injury were made in other three groups according to modified Allens method. The model group were not treated, electro-acupuncture group were treated with electro-acupuncture on Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue, and electro-acupuncture control group were treated with electro-acupuncture on 0.5 inch next to Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue. The frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 1 mA, stimulation time of 15 min, once a day, left and right alternately stimulate every time, for a total of 7 times. The changes of residual urine volume and urine output in rats at the 1st and the 7th days after operation were observed. And 7 d later, the rats were sacrificed and the injured spinal cord were taken out to observe the apoptosis, and to detect the changes of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad content.

RESULTSAfter modeling,the rats of three groups showed different bladder dysfunction. In electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group, the residual urine volume of the 7th day after operation was significant lower than the 1st day after operation (P < 0.001), and there was statistically significant difference on the 7th day after operation between two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with model group, the urine output of electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significantly increased on the 7th day after operation, and there was sig- nificant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.001). Electro-acupuncture can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord neurons by TUNEL detection. Postoperative at 7 d, the rate of nerve cell apoptosis in electro -acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significant increased than model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.005). Compared with model group, the positive expression rate of Bax, Bad decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 increased (P < 0.01) in electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group,there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectro-acupuncture can obviously promote the repair of acute spinal cord injury,its mechanism may be through increasing Bcl-2, inhibiting the expression of Bax, Bad, which inhibits the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electroacupuncture ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Endoscopy ; Ethmoid Sinus ; surgery ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbital Fractures ; surgery ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

Tumor immune checkpoint therapy is a clinical treatment strategy developed based on the new principle of the inhibition of negative immune regulation. In this article, the tumor immune checkpoint therapy and the drug delivery strategies were reviewed, mainly including immunity and tumor therapy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy and its mechanism of action, clinical application of tumor immune checkpoint therapy and therapeutic drugs, immune resistance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) treatment and countermeasures, drug delivery strategies for tumor immune checkpoint therapeutic agents, etc. As a revolutionary new immunotherapy strategy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy has shown obvious superior therapeutic efficacy in a variety types of tumor. However, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is also faced with a big challenge, namely, immunotherapy resistance. With the discovery of new mechanism, the continuous development of new therapeutic drugs and delivery strategies, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is expected to further improve the clinical efficacy of tumor.