China ; Clinical Competence ; Educational Measurement ; Employment ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Licensure, Dental ; Professional Practice ; Surgery, Oral ; standards

Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; drug therapy ; Klebsiella Infections ; drug therapy ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; enzymology ; Male ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; prevention & control ; beta-Lactamases ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVE:To optimize freeze-drying technology of albendazole nanosuspension so as to prepare albendazole nanometer powder. METHODS:By adopting freeze-drying method,with particle size and Zeta potential as the indexes,single fac-tor test and verification were made on pre-freezing temperature and the type,ratio and mass fraction of cryoprotectants,and then the albendazole nanosuspension prepared by liquid phase precipitation method was made into albendazole nanometer powder. RE-SULTS:When the pre-freezing temperature was-20℃and the cryoprotectant was 4%glucose-mannitol(3∶7),the average parti-cle size of the prepared nanometer powder was (208.03 ± 2.13) nm,and average Zeta potential was (-15.53 ± 0.18) mV. CON-CLUSIONS:Albendazole nanometer powder with better particle size and potential can be prepared by freeze-drying technology.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was developed to investigate the structure stability of novel camptothecin derivative (L-P) at different pH,the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrolysis reaction from lactone form to carboxylate form direction at near physiological conditions (pH 7.4,310 K). Uncoated fused-silica capillaries(35 cm×50 μm i. d,with effective length of 26.5 cm) were used. The background electro-lyte( BGE) was 0.025 mol/L sodium phosphate buffer with pH varied at 2.5,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,7.4 and 9. 0. The electrophoresis voltage was maintained at 14 kV when the pH of BGE ranged between 2.5 and 5.0,otherwise,the voltage was maintained at 10 kV. The UV detector was set at 260 nm. All samples were introduced using hydrodynamic injection at 5 kPa for 4 s. L-P was found to be lactone form as the solution pH was below 4. 0. As pH increased,the lactone form of L-P would undergo hydrolysis reaction to be carboxylate form. As pH was 9.0,L-P existed almost completely as carboxylate form. The rate constant of the hydrolysis increased as temperature raise. The energy of activation ( Ea) ,the enthalpy ( ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of the hydrolysis reaction were determined as 72. 6 kJ/mol,10. 5 kJ/mol and 50. 9 J/( mol K) ,respectively. The proposed capillary zone electrophoresis could efficiently separate two pH-dependent structural forms of the novel camptothecin derivative( L-P). The positive enthalpy and entropy values of the L-P hydrolysis indicated that the reaction was endothermic and entropically driven and higher temperature favored.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of carbon monoxide(CO) on the permeability of brain blood barrier(BBB) in cerebral ischemic rats. METHODS: SD rats were divided into three groups. Saline, hemin or ZnPP were injected intraperitoneally 12 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), respectively. The concentration of blood CO and the permeability of BBB at 24 h after MCAO were measured. RESULTS: The CO concentration in blood in hemin group was higher than that in saline group( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: CO reduced the permeability of BBB as a messenger gas molecular when its intrinsic concentration was elevated.

Animals ; Gene Expression ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Rats ; Somatomedins ; metabolism

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,management and pregnancy outcome in patients with ovarian tumor and ovarian tumor like condition complicated with pregnancy.Methods The clinical data of 248 patients with ovarian tumor and ovarian tumor like condition eomplicated with pregnancy who treated,operated and pathology conducted from January 2003 to December 2009 was analyzed retrospectively.Results Among of 248 patients,8 patients were found by pelrioscopy,184 patients were found by sonography.The rate of ovarian tumor and ovarian tumor like condition during pregnancy was 0.49％ (248/50 652),about 52.82％(131/248)were diagnosed as benign tumor,most of them were ovarian mature teratoma(22.18％,55/248).About 45.56％(113/248)were diagnosed as ovarian tumor like condition,most of them were ovarian chocolatecyst(23.79％,59/248).Four patients(1.61％,4/248)were ovarian malignant tumor.Two hundred and sixteen received operation,term birth was in 164 patients,premature birth was in 19 patients,miscarriage was in 33 patients.Conclusions Pelvioscopy and sonogaraphy are principally important in the diagnosis and detection of ovarian tumor during pregnancy.Pregnancy complicated with ovarian tumor or ovarian tumor like condition should be treated by tumor resection.Suitable surgery intervention during second trimester is safe.

Recently, the D'Amico classification system is widely used for the risk stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) , although no consensus has been reached for the definition of high-risk PCa. This system defines high-risk PCa as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > 20 ng/ml, a Gleason score of 8-10, or a clinical stage ≥ T2c. Because high-risk PCa is prone to recurrence and metastasis after treatment, a proper initial therapy plays a crucial role. Currently, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are considered to be two most important options for the initial treatment of high-risk PCa although it remains controversial which is better.
Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Risk

OBJECTIVETo observe the characteristics of sperm single-stranded DNA breaks (SSB) and double-stranded DNA breaks (DSB) in infertile men, explore the association of DSB with male infertility, and provide a new observation index and idea for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

METHODSThis study involved 60 infertile men (infertility group) and 30 normal healthy males with infertile wives (control group). We comparatively analyzed the seminal parameters of the two groups, determined sperm concentration and viability using the computer aided sperm analysis system, measured the sperm survival rate by hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test, examined sperm morphology by Diff-Quick staining, and detected sperm DNA damage by two-tail comet assay.

RESULTSNine two-tail comet models were established for detecting sperm DNA integrity. Comparisons between the fertility and control groups showed that the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was (33.8 ± 13.1) vs (16.3 ± 7.9)% (P < 0.01), the SSB-DFI was (19.2 ± 11.4) vs (14.9 ± 7.6)% (P > 0.05), the SSB-DFI/DFI was (56.8 ± 32.4) vs (91.4 ± 27.8)% (P < 0.01), the DSB-DFI was (23.9 +13.4) vs (6.1 ± 2.7)% (P < 0.01), and the DSB-DFI/DFI was (70.8 ± 19.5) vs (37.4 ± 11.3)% (P < 0.01). The optimal cut-off value of DSB-DFI/DFI in the diagnosis of male infertility was 39.5%, with the AUG, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.969, 98.3%, and 90%; that of DSB-DFI was 15.85%, with the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.912, 86.7%, and 80%; and that of DFI was 18.65%; with the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.861, 90%, 70%, respectively. In the infertile men, neither SSB-DFI nor SSB-DFI/DFI exhibited any correlation with semen parameters (P > 0.05); DFI was correlated negatively with the percentage of progressively motile sperm, sperm survival rate, and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but not correlated with sperm concentration (P > 0.05); both DSB-DFI and DSB-DFI/DFI showed a negative correlation with sperm concentration, sperm survival rate, and the percentages of progressively motile sperm and morphologically normal sperm (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDouble-stranded, rather than single-stranded DNA breaks, may be a factor inducing male infertility. The type of sperm DNA strand damage is of much reference value for the assessment of male fertility.

Case-Control Studies ; Comet Assay ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded ; DNA Fragmentation ; Fertility ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Semen Analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa ; Staining and Labeling

With more and more attention and investment on acupuncture scientific researches, considerable outcomes and achievements has been acquired, but the shortcoming of low transformation rate of acupuncture research achievements is gradually exposed. Nowadays there is no related report on this problem, so based on achievement translational research in other areas and practical situation of acupuncture, the existing problems and solutions are analyzed. As a result, the existing problems include (1) the research content is mainly basic research and clinical research but less acupuncture device research, leading to limited transformation efficiency; (2) the evaluation system and transformation pattern are still needed to be perfect. The solutions are (1) to properly evaluate the research achievements of acupuncture, (2) to advocate the concept and method of translational medicine, (3) to reform the policy and system, and (4) to establish valid platforms covering research, outcomes and transformation.
Acupuncture ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; Biomedical Research ; Biotechnology ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; China ; Humans ; Technology Transfer