Resident or specialist training plays a very important role in developing qualified clinicians and improving medical quality.In combination with the status quo of resident or specialist training in our country , brief analysis has been made on the characteristicsof military resident or specialist training .As a result, the 3 +X +militarymode has been put forward in military resident orspecialist training.According to Specialist Training Standards by National Health and Family Planning Commission , training criteria upto military requirements have been established in order to achieve systematic military residency , develop medical support capability andpromote military health development.

According to the correlative analyses on Chinese medicine essence, dosage forms and quality control level, it expounds the precise concept of Chinese medicine, and its quality advantages and characteristics in this paper, furthermore discusses how to achieve the ideal drugs and Chinese medicine quality precision in expectation. Base on the Chinese medicine essence, using the concept of nature medicine and its drug system to construct Chinese medicine effective material basis and its drugs, with the correlative analyses of whole view and reductionism, the problems of uncertainty quality of original natural medicinal resources and preparations may well be solved, and further with the macroscopic to microcosmic construction of drug system, the precision in expectations of Chinese medicine quality and higher production lever may well be achieved.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Precision Medicine ; Quality Control

HSP90, which is the biomarker of cell stress and endogenous protective protein, functions as a molecular chaperone. Many client proteins of HSP90, including EGFR, Met, Raf-1, IKK and p53, play important roles in the occurrence and development of tumor. Binding of HSP90 inhibitors triggers the deactivation of HSP90, resulting in client protein degradation, and hence inhibits the tumor growth by blocking multiple targets involved in signaling of tumor proliferation. This review summarizes recent development of small molecule inhibitors bound to N-terminal of HSP90.

Objective:To study the chemical constituents in Yinqiaosan Powder that have antiviral action on influenza.Method:Isolation of the constituents by different kinds of column chromatography and elucidation of their structures by chemical and spectral methods.Result:Seven flavonoids were obtained,and six of them were identified as linarin，acacetin，hesperidin，isoquiritigenin，isoquiritin and hyperoside respectively.Conclusion:Linarin and acacetin were isolated from Yinqiaosan Powder for the first time.

HSP90, which is the biomarker of cell stress and endogenous protective protein, functions as a molecular chaperone. Many client proteins of HSP90, including EGFR, Met, Raf-1, IKK and p53, play important roles in the occurrence and development of tumor. Binding of HSP90 inhibitors triggers the deactivation of HSP90, resulting in client protein degradation, and hence inhibits the tumor growth by blocking multiple targets involved in signaling of tumor proliferation. This review summarizes recent development of small molecule inhibitors bound to N-terminal of HSP90.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo establish an HPLC method for the determination of four alkaloids, i.e., 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine, pronuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine, in Nelumbo nucifera and its alkaloid fraction.

METHODThe determination was carried out at 35 degrees C on a Hypersil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), eluting with acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% triethylamine as mobile phases in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detection at the wavelength was set at 270 nm.

RESULTThe linear ranges of 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine, pronuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine were 0.110-0.658 microg (r = 0.9995), 0.0210-0.126 microg (r = 0.9995), 0.103-0.618 microg (r = 0.9998), 0.085 6-0.514 microg (r = 0.9995), with the average recoveries (n=6) were 101.5%, 99.14%, 99.21% and 98.41% for the alkaloid fraction of N. nucifera and 99.53%, 100.5%, 97.51% and 100.1% for N. nucifera respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe determination results of the three batches of samples showed that the method was easy and accurate which could be used to determine the contents of four components in N. nucifera and its alkaloid fraction.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Aporphines ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Spiro Compounds ; chemistry

Objective To summarize the experience on diagnosis and treatment of splenic neoplasm. Methods Clinical data of 40 patients with primary splenic space occupying lesion treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results Thirty four out of the 40 cases were diagnosed as primary splenic neoplasm preoperatively. The detectable rate of B-US was 94%, and that of CT was 96%. The discrimination rate of benignancy and malignancy by CT was 84%. Serum AKP and ?-GT were significanfiy increased in most of the malignancies. Seventeen among 22 cases with benignancy were treated by splenectomy, and the others underwent partial splenectomy or tumor resection. Sixteen of 18 patients with malignancy underwent splenectomy, and two did biopsy. Pathology revealed cysts in 13, angiocavernoma in 4, inflammatory pseudotumor in 3, caverous lymphangioma in 1, and cystic degeneration of liomyoma in 1; malignant lymphoma and lymphsarcoma in 9, hemangiosarcoma in 3, and fibrosarcoma, liomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 1 each. Three cases with malignancy have survived more than 5 years. Conclusions Splenic neoplasm is diagnosed mainly according to clinical manifestation and image examination. The discrimination of benignancy and malignancy depends on CT, angiography, and serous AKP and ?-GT level. Radical operation and complex treatment could improve the prognosis of splenic malignant tumor.

Objective To explore the most effective route of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCs) in D-galactosamine (D-gal) induced porcine model with acute liver failure (ALF) and the potential mechanism.Methods BA-MA mini-pigs with D-gal-induced ALF were transplanted with porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through four routes:intraportal injection (InP),peripheral intravenous injection (PV),hepatic intra-arterial injection (AH) and intrahepatic injection (IH).The survival time was recorded.The blood samples before and after MSC transplantation were collected for detecting liver function.Liver histology was interpreted and scored.Hepatic apoptosis and regeneration were detected by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay and Ki-67 assay.The protein expression of cleaved caspase-3,survivin,AKT and ERK were analyzed by Western blot.Results The average survival time in each group was (10.7 ±1.6) days (InP),(6.0 ±0.9) days (AH),(4.7 ±1.4) days (PV),(4.3 ± 0.8) days (IH) when compared with D-gal group [(3.8 ± 0.8) days].The histopathological scores revealed a significantly decrease in InP group (3.17 ± 1.04,P ＜0.05) and AH group (8.17 ± 0.76,P ＜ 0.05) when compared with that in D-gal group (11.50 ± 1.32).The apoptosis rate in InP group (25.0 ± 3.4％,P ＜ 0.05) and AH group (40.5 ± 1.0％,P ＜ 0.05) was lower than that in D-gal group (70.6 ± 8.5％).The expression of active caspase-3 was inhibited,while the expression of survivin,AKT and ERK was elevated in InP group.Conclusions The intraportal injection was superior to other pathways for MSCs transplantation.Intraportal MSC transplantation could improve liver function,inhibit cell apoptosis,promote cell proliferation and prolong the survival in porcine ALF model.

Objective: To review the systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide evidence for clinical decisions. Methods: Published systematic reviews targeting acupuncture treatment of DPN were searched using computer through both Chinese and English databases till July 1, 2019. Two researchers screened the papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted report quality evaluation, methodological quality assessment and evidence quality grading using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), assessment of multiple systematic review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). Results: Ten systematic reviews were included, involving 11 outcome measures. According to PRISMA, 6 items were sufficiently reported while 1 item was not; AMSTAR 2 appraised that all the included systematic reviews were of low quality in the methodological evaluation; according to GRADE, of the 30 clinical evidences, only 5 were graded moderate while the remained were graded low or extremely low. Descriptive analysis showed that acupuncture can significantly improve DPN symptoms, accelerate the conduction velocities of sensory and motor nerves, and up-regulate the content of plasma nitric oxide (NO), while the adverse reaction rate was low. Conclusion: Acupuncture can produce satisfactory clinical efficacy in treating DPN, but the existing problems, such as low-quality evidence, unitary outcome measures, poor methodological quality of systematic reviews and nonstandard reporting, need to be treated cautiously; meanwhile, more high-quality clinical trials are required to elevate the level of evidence.

To investigate the effect of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens in aging mice induced by D-galactose and its mechanism. Totally 60 mice were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the model group, the piracetam group (positive control group) and flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups. Except for the control group, all of the rest groups were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose (160 mg x kg(-1)) for successively 30 days to establish the sub-acute senescent model. Meanwhile, flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups were respectively administered with 150, 300 and 600 mg xkg-('1)of flavonoids from S. flavescens for 30 days. The learning and memory abilities of mice were determined by avoiding darkness ex-eriment and jumping stair experiment. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) tumor necrosis factor-aα NF-aα the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) Na'(+)K'(+)-ATPase and Ca2(+ )-ATPase in the brain of mice were deter-ined respectively after the behavioral experiments. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase ( DH) in blood serum was also determined and analyzed by microscope after HE staining to observe the changes in hippocampal organizational structure. Compared with the model group, flavonoids from S. favescens medium and high doses groups showed significantly increases in the latency of avoiding darkness and jumping stair experiments; flavonoids from S. fllvescens low, medium and high doses groups and the piracetam group showed de-reases in the numbers of errors in avoiding darkness experiment; the flavonoids from S. flavescens high dose group and the piracetam group showed reduction- n the number of errors in jumping stair experiment (P <0 . 5 or P <0 . 1). Flavonoids from S. flavescens me-ium and high doses groups and the piracetam group showed improvements in the activities of SOD, Na'(+)K'(+)ATPase in the brain of mice and declines in the contents of MDA and TNF-aα the activity of MAO-B in the brain of mice, the activity of LDH in blood serum (P <0 . 5 or P <0 . 1). Flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups and the piracetam group also showed im-rovement in the activity of Ca2(+ )ATPase, with statistical difference from the model group (P <0 . 5 or P <0 . 1). The pathological result showed decreases in the number of cells of hippocampal dentate gyrus area, sparse cell arrangement, incomplete cellular mor-hology, scarce cytoplasm, blurred boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm, nuclei anachromasis, irregular pyknosis and unconspicu-us nucleoli in the model group. Compared with the model group, flavonoids from S. flavescens low, medium and high doses groups and the piracetam group showed improvements in hippocampal organization tissues. Flavonoids from S. favescens can improve the learning and memory ability of senescent mice induced by D-galactose. Its mechanism may be correlated with the enhancement of anti-oxidative actions by lowering TNF-aαcontent, which results in the stability of cell membrane and the reduction in MAO-B activity.
Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; psychology ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; Galactose ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism