AIM Action of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on longitudinal muscle strips of the rat distal colon has been reported, however, that of the rat proximal colon remains to be clarified. In this study we investigated the effects of ATP on longitudinal muscle strips isolated from the rat proximal colon and the receptors involved in the effects. METHODSIsometric relaxant and contractile responses to ATP (0.1 μmol · L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) and adenosine (1 - 100 μmol· L-1) in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon were observed. RESULTS ATP (0.1 μmol· L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) produced a complicated response including an inhibition of rhythmic contraction and a weakly transient decrease in basic tone (0.05-0.08 g) followed by a concentration-dependent contraction (0.04- 0.44 g) in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon at resting tension. Tetrodotoxin (0.1 μmol·L-1) did not influence the responses to ATP.Adenosine (1 - 100 μmol· L-1) did not produce an obvious contractile response in the preparation at resting tension. Concentration-dependent relaxant responses to ATP ( 1 μmol· L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) in the preparation precon tracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine or with acetylcholine were 23.2％ - 94.6％ or 24.8 ％ - 92.4％, however the relaxant responses to adenosine were much weaker than those to ATP. CONCLUSION ATP produces contractileresponsesmainly via purine and pyrimidine (P) 2receptors and relaxant responses partially via P1 receptors in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale is a rating scale for rapid screening of mild cognitive impairment.In recent years,with the deepening of clinical research,the application scope of MoCA has been gradually expanded to the assessment of cognitive impairment-related diseases.This article reviews the clinical advances in research on MoCA in early screening of vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods All reports published in the past 13 years on survivin and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were reviewed.A Meta-analysis was conducted on these studies and it was used to determine the prognostic significance of the expression of survivin on patients with HCC.Results 18 studies were included into this Meta-analysis.There were 1 021 HCC patients and 208 normal controls.There was a significant difference between the positive rate of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma and in normal tissues (0R =30.61; 95％ CI:16.67-56.23).The expression of survivin correlated with clinical staging,pathological differentiation,tumor metastasis,portal vein tumor thmmbus,and survival (P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation with gender,age,AFP,HBsAg,tumor diameter,and tumor capsule (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusiom Survivin can be used as a molecular marker for the definitive prognosis of HCC.It is also a reliable marker in the choice of standardized and individualized therapy.

The changes of the levels of C-reactive protein,endothelin and nitric oxide before and after pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetic patients suggested that inflammation participated in the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy and pioglitazone can protect vessels

After a description of the concept of microvideo and studies on microvideo in domestic college and university libraries,microvideo in domestic college and university libraries was investigated and the production of microvideo was elaborated with Jining Medical College as an example.Strategies for the solution of problems in microvideo were put forward for its popularization.

Attention is being paid to the treatment of hyperopia(presbyopia) with laser thermokeratoplasty.This article mainly presents the theory of laser thermokeratoplasty(LTK),equipment configuration and some key techniques in laser delivery system.

The article introduced the recent progress of tissue-engineered trachea.The problems encountered in the field and the study direction in the future are also mentioned.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates around the world.Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective therapy for HCC,especially in patients who experience recurrence after surgery for liver cancer,who are complicated by liver dysfunction and unable to undergo surgical resection,and who have multiple liver tumors and undergo palliative treatment.RFA can significantly improve patients' survival time and quality of life.This article reviews the mechanism of RFA in the treatment of HCC from the aspects of direct and indirect injuries and helps to further understand the role of RFA in local and systemic treatment of HCC,which has a potential value for multidisciplinary treatment of HCC in future.

Aim To investigate the effect of racemic-doxazosin(rac-DOX),S-doxazosin(S-DOX) and R-doxazosin(R-DOX) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) of the rat aorta.Methods VSMCs of the rat aorta were cultured,MTT assay was used to determine the cell proliferation and the morphological changes in VSMCs were analyzed using Giemsa's staining.Results The treatment with rac-DOX,S-DOX or R-DOX at 3~30 ?mol?L-1 for 96 h inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs significantly.However,the inhibitory effect of S-DOX on cell proliferation was more potent than that of R-DOX at the same concentration(P

With the advancement research on target therapy,more and more target drugs have been applied in the treatment of endometrial cancer,including anti-TKI or monoclone antibody and inhibitors in molecular signal pathways like mTOR,all of which have shown good therapeutic effects.As there were only on some phaseⅡclinical trials,so randomized stageⅢclinical trials are required to confirm these effects.In this review,the author discusses the advancement of target therapy in endometrial cancer.