Trauma and infection may cause a stress reaction to the body,which leads to the metabolic imbalance of organs and tissues,but some treatment methods can effectively reduce the negative effects of undesirable stress on body metabolism.This article focuses on the effects of trauma and infection stress on the protein metabolism,furthermore,introduces some related treatment methods.

In recent years,researchers have carried out a lot of studies about endogenous and exogenous protective mechanisms of ischemic brain injury and have found that cerebral ischemia can stimulate cell proliferation and neurogenesis.This article reviews the cerebral ischemia induced neural stem cell proliferation,the protection mechanisms of directional migration and differentiation,as well as the promoting effects of the application of exogenous factors on neurogenesis after ischemia.

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics of drug-fever caused by ?-lactams antibiotics and provide the basic information for diagnosis of patients with drug-fever,and profile the drug fever due to antimicrobil agent.Methods In this study,64 hospitalized cases between 2000 and 2006 were enrolled who had drug-fever during antiinfective treatment.Results Most medications can cause fever,so as ?-lactams Antibiotics,with or without concomitant clinical manifestations.The fever could arise from the drug's pharmacologic action,its effects on thermoregulation,a local complication following parenteral administration,or an idiosyncratic response.Patients with drug-fever caused by ?-lactams,their temperature droped to normal level while ?-lactams discontinued for about 24h~48h,and without any linger effect.Conclusions Drug-fever is mainly caused by ?-lactams antibiotics like piperacillin sodium.It is important that doctors should bear the drug-fever in mind to avoid misdiagnosis.

Carcinoma of pancreas is the most common primar y pancreatic malignancy. Symptoms usually are nonspecific and include abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. CT usually demonstrates a mass with ill-defined margins but also solid components and dil atation of the main pancreatic duct. This tumor is usually smaller and virtuall y never contains calcification. Following contrast material administration,all masses were enhanced less than the surrounding pancreas. Tumors were oval, rou nd or lobular,and is almost always locally invasive. These features can be used to differentiate carcinoma of pancreas from other pancreatic tumors.

Objective To analyze the expression and the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on hepatic ischemia- reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods The rat model of 45 min hepatic ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion was used. Animals were divided into 3 groups: the pseudoperated control group (P), I/R group and treated group with NAC at a dose of 300 mg/kg at 5 min before reperfusion (I/R-NAC). Plasma concentrations of ALT, AST and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at various time points were measured. The expression of TLR4 protein and mRNA was detected in liver tissue by using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results The TLR4 expression, plasma ALT, AST and LPS levels were markedly increased during 45 min hepatic ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, but they were lower in I/R-NAC group and no alteration almost in group P. The plasma concentrations showed a significant correlation between ALT, AST and LPS at different time points in I/R group and I/R-NAC group.Conclusion LPS and TLR4 play a prominent role in the pathophysiological processes of I/R and NAC can be of therapeutic potential for reducing the expression of TLR4 mRNA and alleviating endotoxemia derived from gut.

This report indroduces the characterization of tetrodotoxin (TTX),and its pharmacological and clinical actions.

Objective To properly choose and employ an air disinfect-purifying machine in ICU. Method This paper analyses the principle of air disinfect-purifying machine and put forward some attention-deserved problems such as the value of CADR in clinical application. Conclusion. The disinfect-purifying machine with different CADR value should be chosen according to the area of air disinfect-purifying district, thus can really bring the machine into full play.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and management of anti-HIV drugs,and to provide ref-erence basis for occupational exposure to develop free drug policy. METHODS:Using retrospective study method,according to DDD calculation method recommended by WHO,consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS:The consumption sum of anti-HIV drugs increased firstly and decreased later, increasing from 512112 yuan in 2011 to 650854 yuan in 2012,decreasing to 496473 yuan in 2014. DDDs of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 decreased from 35932 in 2011,to 16363 in 2014,showing decreasing tendency. The consumption sum of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors during 2012-2014 took up the first place,and DDDs of nucleotide reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors took up the first place in 2011,2013,2014. DDDs of Zidovudine tablets took up the first place in 2013,2014, and that of Tangcao tablets took up top 3 places during 2011-2014. DDC of Tenofour disoproxil fumarate tablets,Zidovudine and la-mivudine tablets,Emtricitabine and tenofovir tablets,Lopinavir and ritonavir tablets were in high level,being more than 46 yuan. DDC of Zidovudine tablets,Stavadine tablets and Nevirapine tablets were in low level,being lower than 6 yuan. B/A of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets,Stavudine tablets and Efavirenz tablets ranged 0.5-1.5 in 4 years and B/A of Tangcao tablets was equal to 1,showing good synchronism of social and economical benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical application of anti-HIV drugs in our center is rational basically,and the use of drug is basically consistent with the occupational exposure prevention. The use of TCM preparation is basically in line with the requirements of drug use in the clinic.

Heart failure is a serious and terminal stage of various cardiovascular diseases,is one of the most important heart diseases,and it also the most common reason for hospitalization.In recent years,studies on new markers in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of heart failure have made great progress,such as B-type brain natriuretic peptide can partially reflect hemodynamic imbalance,troponin can indicate cardiomyocyte injury,soluble ST2 and galectin-3 indicate myocardium remodeling and fibrosis,C-reactive protein,cystatin C and procalcitonin,and copeptin have significant prognostic value for outcomes,microRNA in the regulation of gene expression influence heart failure.