LncRNAs( long noncoding RNAs ) can be defined as RNA transcrips longer than 200nt without protein coding capacity , which play vital roles in various aspects of gene expression regulation.Recent investigations showed aberrant expression of many lncRNAs in primary liver cancer , indicating their important roles in tumorigenesis and development of liver cancer.This review focuses on the biological functions of lncRNAs and their involvements in primary liver cancer.

Radiation nephropathy refers to the damage of renal parenchyma and blood vessel caused by sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation.The clinical presentation includes proteinuria,hematuria,anemia,hypertension,and azotemia.Histological features include capillary loop thickening,mesangiolysis,formation of the double contours,subendothelial swelling,tubular atrophy,and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Similar changes are seen in a variety of experimental animal models.The pathogenesis of radiation nephropathy remained unclear.It is reported that radiation-induced changes in kidney cell phenotype,renin angiotensin system(RAS) and oxidative stress is clearly involved.Multiple experimental studies have shown that antagonism of the RAS is beneficial,even when not initiated until weeks after irradiation.Recent findings suggest a similar benefit in clinical radiation nephropathy.

Medical imperfection is the major reason for medical bother.How to avoid medical imperfection and guarantee medical security are the key issues of medical administrators.By investigating,integrating and analyzing the causation of the medical imperfection and the ways of prevention,we conclude that human context has an important effect.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Objective To study changes in expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA in the kidney and spleen of dead rats and its application in deducing the postmortem intervals (PMI), so as to look for a new method for PMI deduction. Method 28 rats were killed by cervical dislocation, placed in a chamber with temperature-controlling system at 20℃ for 0 to 48h postmortem, and autopsied at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48h respectively (n=4 for each time point). The expression of GAPDH mRNA in kidney and spleen was assessed with fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results The amplified products of GAPDH mRNA could be detected in kidney within 40h and in spleen within 32h postmortem respectively, and they showed a decreasing tendency as its fluorescence intensity declined gradually and lost at last. Conclusion Detection of GAPDH mRNA expression in kidney and spleen of rats at different periods after death by fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR seems to be of some value for estimation of PMI.

BACKGROUND:With the development of AO, the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures with open reduction has been a trend. However, the methods of fixation become many. There is no conclusion of which method is optimal.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effect of two kinds of different fixation methods (Y-type steel plate and double steel plate) for intercondylar humeral fractures via different surgical approaches.
METHODA retrospective analysis of clinical data of 86 cases of fresh intercondylar humeral fractures in the Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, between December 2003
and May 2014 were conducted in this study. According to the different fixation materials, patients were divided into two groupdouble steel group (n=44, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 22 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 22 cases), Y-type steel group (n=42, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 21 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 21 cases). The clinical curative effect and related complications of the two groups after operation were analyzed. During fol ow-up, modified Cassebaum elbow scoring system was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of therapy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After fol owed up for 12-36 months, the total excellent and good rate of Y-type steel plate was 76%and the total excellent and good rate of double steel plate was 77%. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). But interestingly, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance and the difference was statistical y significant (P<0.05). Above data suggested that Y-type steel plate and double steel plate were effective ways in the repair of intercondylar humeral fractures. However, for different surgical approaches, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance.

The small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) is widely recognized as one of the most serious clinical complications. It substantially contributes to a poor prognosis after adult living donor liver transplantation. Currently, there is still no consensus on the exact definition and pathogenesis of SFSS. We reviewed the progress on research of pathogenesis of SFSS and put forward some relevant preventive and treatment measures, including donor selection, graft assessment, reduction of high portal vein perfusion, dual grafts technology, advanced molecular medicine and other innovative approaches. Also, we offered some relevant insights into the future research directions of SFSS.

Objective To analysis newborn stage and long-term physiological and neuropsychological development in children born after assisted reproductive technology(ART),and to evaluate the safety of ART.Methods Eighty-four 6-month-old to 6-year-old children born after ART performed from January 1st,2006 to June 30th,2011 in Reproduction Center of Fuzhou General Hospital were taken as ART group; and 84 matched children born after spontaneous conception were as control group.The physiological and neuropsychological states of these children in their newborn stage and 6-month-old to 6-year-old duration were compared with Chi-square or t test.Results There was no statistical difference in childbearing age of mothers,the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypcrtensive disorder complicating pregnancy,delivery mode,living environment,parents' education level,newborn birth length,birth weight,the rate of premature birth,low birth weight,asphyxia and hospitalized to neonatal intensive care unit between two groups (P＞0.05).In ART group,the incidence of growth retardation and abnormal social life skills was 6.0 ％ (5/84) and 1.2 ％ (1/84),and no statistical difference were found comparing with control guoup [4.8％(4/84) and 1.2％(1/84),x2 =0.12 and 0.00,P＞0.05],neither the developmental quotient (95.9±6.1 vs 94.8±5.1,t=1.25,P=0.21).Twins had higher rates of preterm birth [41.8％ (33/79) vs 10.1％(9/89),x2 =22.37,OR=6.38,95％CI:2.81-14.50,P=0.00],low birth weight [51.9％(41/79) vs 6.7％(6/89),x2=42.35,OR=14.93,95％ CI:5.84-38.16,P=0.00],asphyxia [10.1 ％ (8/79) vs 1.1 ％(1/89),x2 =6.69,OR=9.92,95％ CI:1.21～81.15,P=0.01],hospitalized to neonatal intensive care unit [36.7 ％ (29/79) vs 14.6 ％ (13/89),x2 =10.90,OR =3.39,95％CI:1.61-7.14,P=0.00] and growth retardation [11.4％(9/79) vs 0.0％(0/89),x2=10.71,RR=0.11,P=0.00] than singleton.Conclusions ART has no negative effects on children's physical and neuropsychological development.It could increase the incidence of twins,so that it might increase the incidences of preterm labor and low birth weight,which might affect the long-term physical and neuropsychological development of the offspring.

Objective: To explore assessment value of heart rate variability (HRV) of Holter for cardiac autonomic nervous function in patients with acute stroke.Methods: A total of 80 cases with acute stroke treated in our hospital were regarded as stroke group, and another 80 inpatients without cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases were enrolled as control group simultaneously.Holter was used to perform 24h ambulatory heart rate monitoring on two groups, and the results were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with control group, there were significant reductions in standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals calculated over the 24 h period [SDNN, (129.89±5.42) ms vs.(92.58±4.36) ms], standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals in all 5 min segments of the entire recording [SDANN, (118.85±5.79) ms vs.(77.36±4.82) ms], root-mean square of differences between successive normal to normal intervals [rMSSD, (27.04±1.18) ms vs.(7.31±1.09) ms] and adjacent normal RR interval difference >50ms stroke accounted for a percentage of 24h total RR interval [PNN50, (8.97±1.48)% vs.(2.62±0.54)%] in stroke group, P<0.01 all;in stroke patients, there were no significant difference in above indexes between cerebral infarction patients and cerebral hemorrhage patients, P>0.05 all.Conclusion: HRV indexes possess significant assessment value for cardiac autonomic nervous function in patients with acute stroke.They can predict patient′s status changes, and help to prevent and identify severe cerebrovascular disease in time.

Medical defects are the main reason for medical disputes,also the important factors which influence the health care order and medical service quality and cause tension between doctors and patients. The occurrence of medical defects highlights deficiency of humanism. We should reinforce liberal education in the medical services and medical education,prevent the occurrence of medical defects fundamentally,and improve the quality of medical services comprehensively.