The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale is a rating scale for rapid screening of mild cognitive impairment.In recent years,with the deepening of clinical research,the application scope of MoCA has been gradually expanded to the assessment of cognitive impairment-related diseases.This article reviews the clinical advances in research on MoCA in early screening of vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia

AIM Action of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)on longitudinal muscle strips of the rat distal colon has been reported, however, that of the rat proximal colon remains to be clarified. In this study we investigated the effects of ATP on longitudinal muscle strips isolated from the rat proximal colon and the receptors involved in the effects. METHODSIsometric relaxant and contractile responses to ATP (0.1 μmol · L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) and adenosine (1 - 100 μmol· L-1) in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon were observed. RESULTS ATP (0.1 μmol· L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) produced a complicated response including an inhibition of rhythmic contraction and a weakly transient decrease in basic tone (0.05-0.08 g) followed by a concentration-dependent contraction (0.04- 0.44 g) in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon at resting tension. Tetrodotoxin (0.1 μmol·L-1) did not influence the responses to ATP.Adenosine (1 - 100 μmol· L-1) did not produce an obvious contractile response in the preparation at resting tension. Concentration-dependent relaxant responses to ATP ( 1 μmol· L- 1 - 1 mmol· L- 1 ) in the preparation precon tracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine or with acetylcholine were 23.2％ - 94.6％ or 24.8 ％ - 92.4％, however the relaxant responses to adenosine were much weaker than those to ATP. CONCLUSION ATP produces contractileresponsesmainly via purine and pyrimidine (P) 2receptors and relaxant responses partially via P1 receptors in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat proximal colon.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods All reports published in the past 13 years on survivin and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were reviewed.A Meta-analysis was conducted on these studies and it was used to determine the prognostic significance of the expression of survivin on patients with HCC.Results 18 studies were included into this Meta-analysis.There were 1 021 HCC patients and 208 normal controls.There was a significant difference between the positive rate of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma and in normal tissues (0R =30.61; 95％ CI:16.67-56.23).The expression of survivin correlated with clinical staging,pathological differentiation,tumor metastasis,portal vein tumor thmmbus,and survival (P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation with gender,age,AFP,HBsAg,tumor diameter,and tumor capsule (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusiom Survivin can be used as a molecular marker for the definitive prognosis of HCC.It is also a reliable marker in the choice of standardized and individualized therapy.

The changes of the levels of C-reactive protein,endothelin and nitric oxide before and after pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetic patients suggested that inflammation participated in the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy and pioglitazone can protect vessels

BACKGROUND:At present, researches about attention mainly concentrate on the relationship between attention and other psychological phenomena, but studies concerning different types of attention itself (sustained attention versus selective attention) are few. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the brain mechanisms of sustained and selective attentions which have different roles in the cognitive process. METHODS:Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured when 18 col ege students’ participants (half male and half female) were performing selective and sustained attention tasks. The program was written in E-Prime and displayed on a computer, and the experimental task was adapted from Karl et al. reported experimental paradigm, including selective attention and sustained attention tasks. The time of fixation point given was 500 ms, and the time of three randomly abreast pictures given was 300 ms. Al the participants were asked to make rapid and accurate response as much as possible. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The ERPs elicited by the two attention tasks were different in the aspects of time process, wave crest and latency. The brain regions activated by the sustained attention were wider than those by selective attention. The ERPs elicited by the sustained attention mainly presents as positive waves, whereas those elicited by the selective attention were reflected as both positive and negative waves. The EPRs elicited by the sustained attention were N100 and N250, but in the metaphase, selective attention elicited the P180. These may indicate that event choice appears in the middle stage of the task. Besides, the reversion of EPRs elicited by the two attention tasks in the anterior and posterior scalp is likely to be a generality of al attentions.

After a description of the concept of microvideo and studies on microvideo in domestic college and university libraries,microvideo in domestic college and university libraries was investigated and the production of microvideo was elaborated with Jining Medical College as an example.Strategies for the solution of problems in microvideo were put forward for its popularization.

Hypoxic metabolism in solid tumor reduces chemoradiotherapy effect and become the obstacle in tumor therapy. Gene therapy is the most promising tumor treatment method, but currently using carriers cannot target tumors accurately. Anaerobic bacteria has become the transferring carrier in tumor gene therapy because it has tendency to hypoxia in solid tumors and can target solid tumors more accurately.

Attention is being paid to the treatment of hyperopia(presbyopia) with laser thermokeratoplasty.This article mainly presents the theory of laser thermokeratoplasty(LTK),equipment configuration and some key techniques in laser delivery system.

The article introduced the recent progress of tissue-engineered trachea.The problems encountered in the field and the study direction in the future are also mentioned.

Bycomparingthe clinical internship ofFrench students in the Alsace Cancer Center of France(Centre Paul Strauss)with Chinese medical students,we found the differences and got some valuable implications.