Objective To explore a practicable method for analyzing the cost losses of residents' health impact induced by environmental pollution and evaluate the cost losses of local residents' health impact in arsenic contaminative area. Methods The data on residents' health were obtained in an arsenic polluted area as the basis analysis of economic loss. Additionally, the data on the sizes of local population, GDP, the annual personal income, the annual prevalence of acute diseases, absence due to sickness and patients' nursing care, the annual prevalence of chronic diseases in 1985. Local residents' age specific death rates and sizes of population in 1985-1995 were collected also. 3 mumerable indexes were screened for estimating the cost losses of residents' a health impact in arsenic contaminative area based on the data mentioned above and combined with abridged life table. Results Based on the calculated GDP and personal average income in 1995, the cost losses of residents due to arsenic pollution consisted of 3 sections: the first included GDP losses of 50.52 yuan/(person-year) and personal income loss of 43.71 yuan/(person-year) attributed to the reduced life expretancy of the residents living in arsenic-polluted area. The second was an excess of the annual medical expenditure of 56.30 yuan/(person-year) for residents living in arsenic-polluted area compared with that of control group. The third included GDP loss of 74.14 yuan/(person-year) and income loss of 64.23 yuan/(person' year) attributed to the health life days of residents in arsenic-polluted area during the period of number of working years. The total economic loss of 3 section mentioned above make the total GDP reduction of about 180.96 yuan/(person-year) and average income loss of about 164.27 yuan/(person-year) including excessive medical costs. Conclusion The analytical method could be applied to the estimation of economic loss of environmental pollution-attributable health impact.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; therapy ; Photochemistry ; Titanium ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the feasibility of non-contrast-enhanced renal MR angiography (NCE-MRA) using time spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) technique,and to discuss the optimized inversion time (TI) and its relationship with age.Methods A total of 61 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups by age,22-50 years (n=32)and 51 80 years (n=29).All volunteers underwent 3.0T MRI examination with 6 different TIs sequences (1 200,1 300,1 400,1 600,1 600,1 700 ms).The vessel to-kidney signal ratio (VKR),grade of renal artery branches,grade of renal artery imaging quality were measured and analyzed.Results The VKR values were the highest at TI=1 500 ms in both sides ot kidneys.The scores of renal artery branches were gradually rising up but tending to be steady higher than 1 400 ms.Among all the subjects,the highest score of renal artery imaging quality was at TI=1 500 ms.In 22-50 years group,the highest score of renal artery imaging quality was at TI=1 500 ms.Meanwhile,the highest score was found at TI=1 600 ms in 51 80 years group.Moreover,the grade of renal artery imaging in the 22-50 years group acquired better scores compared to the 51 80 years group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Time-SLIP technique is helpful to obtain renal MRA without contrast medium.The optimized TI value is 1 500 ms.Moreover,age can affect the optimized TI value.

ObjectiveTo determine the current students' social anxiety status and maternal factors in school students( grade 5-7) in Harbin,and provided scientific guidance relevant to students'social anxiety.Methods 1526 mother-child pairs collected by random cluster sampling,children completed the social anxiety scale for children (SASC),security scale,coping strategies questionnaire( consist of ambivalence and avoidance subscale),acceptance scale and psychological control scale,and mothers completed the center for epidemiologic studies depression inventory (CES-D),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).ResultsThe total positive detection rate of social anxiety was 13.6％,there was no significantly difference between boys and girls (P ＞ 0.05) ; the positive detection rate of Grade 6 was higher than Grade 5 and Grade 7.There were positive correlation between social anxiety and mother's psychological control,mother's depression,mother's anxiety ( r =0.228,0.143,0.122) ; negative correlation with mother's acceptance( r =-0.214).Linear regression indicated that only three variables (mother's psychological control,mother's acceptance,mother's depression) were at the P ＜ 0.05 level.The regression coefficients for the three variables were 1.557,- 1.092 and 0.040,respectively.ConclusionMaternal highly psychological control,lowly acceptance and maternal anxiety depression all play a role in promoting the occurrence of students' social anxiety.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its own system of diagnosis and treatment theory, and its methods for evaluating clinical efficacy are different from those of Western medicine. Applying evaluation techniques and methods that are used in Western medicine mechanically to TCM will not work. So building evaluation techniques, which adhere to regulations and characteristics of TCM, is necessary and imperative. As the quality of life and patient-reported outcome instruments were brought into practice and developed, clinical evaluation ideas and methods for TCM are provided with an opportunity for development. This article puts forward the concept of subjective complex outcomes (SCOs), which constitutes subjective feelings gained from the patient, doctor and caregiver, different from laboratory parameters. SCOs provide a multidimensional and complex health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessment and focus on the source of assessment information of diseases. This article also introduces a case study building SCO methods of TCM treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, in order to promote discussion and provide a platform for future research.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ethyl acetate extract from Cortex periplocae (CPEAE) on apoptosis of human esophageal carcinoma cell line TE-13 and to elucidate its mechanism. Methods:Inhibitory effect of CPEAE on TE-13 proliferation was tested by MTT assay. The morphological changes of cell apoptosis were observed by Giemsa staining and transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle and apoptotic ratio were tested by flow cytometry (FCM). The protein expression of CDK4 was observed by Western blotting.Results:CPEAE inhibited proliferation of TE-13 cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, and its IC_(50) value was (2.443±0.005) μg/mL at 48 h (P<0.05). The characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in TE-13 cells after treatment with CPEAE under transmission microscope. A typical subdiploid peak was detected by flow cytometry. CPEAE decreased the expression of gene CDK4 in TE-13 cells. Conclusion:CPEAE can induce apoptosis of TE-13 cells. The effect is related with down-regulation of CDK4 expression.

Objective To observe the expression of HER-2 and TOPO-Ⅱα in ovarian epithelial cancer,analyze the correlation between their expression and provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis,prognosis and treatment. Methods Expression levels of HER-2 and TOPO- Ⅱα in 10 normal ovarian tissues,20 benign tumors and 58 cases of ovarian epithelial cancers were detected by immunohistochemical method, and their correlations with pathological features were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of HER-2 in normal ovarian and benign tumor tissues were significantly lower than ovarian epithelial cancers respectively ( 10. 0% , 15.0% VS 46. 6% ;P ＜ 0. 05 ). The positive expression rate of TOPO- Ⅱα in ovarian epithelial cancers was significantly higher than normal and benign epithelial ovarian tumor tissue (53.4% vs 10. 0%, and 15.0%,Ps ＜ 0. 05 ), but we did not find significant difference in the comparison between normal and benign epithelial ovarian tumor tissue ( Ps ＞ 0. 05 ). The expression of HER-2 and TOPO- Ⅱα were significantly correlated with clinical stages, histological differentiation of tumor cells (Ps ＜ 0. 05 ) ,but there were no correlations between the age or histological type. In ovarian cancer tissues, a positive correlation between the expression of HER-2 and TOPO- Ⅱα was observed ( r = 0. 324, P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusion The overexpression of HER-2 and TOPO- Ⅱαplay an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and development. The expression of HER-2 is positively correlated with TOPO- Ⅱα in ovarian epithelial cancers. Coexpression of the two moleculars may be involved in the development and progression of ovarian epithelial cancer, which should be further studied.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the automation and information level of Pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIV-AS),and provide reference for the PIVAS development. METHODS:Related functions of DS8000 intelligent sorting system and its effect of PIVAS were introduced;work environment,workflow,work efficiency,labor intensity and sorting error before and af-ter the system application were compared. RESULTS:The application of intelligent sorting system achieved the automation of multi-ple links including reviewing,sorting,automatically counting,automatically generating hand-over lists of departments,statistical inquiring for related information in finished soft bag infusion sorting. Compared with manual sorting,it only covered less area, working environment was neat and orderly,workflow links was reduced (6 vs. 10),work time was shortened (average time for sorting per bag of infusion 13.53 s vs. 3.11 s),labor intensity was decreased,and work error rate was reduced (0.128‰ vs. 0.013‰);meanwhile,it improved the management for shading drugs,and achieved data analysis of PIVAS and management infor-mation. CONCLUSIONS:The application of DS8000 intelligent sorting system has improved the automation and information of PI-VAS,and promoted the construction and development of PIVAS.

Objective To study the role of VEGF in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy(PHG). Methods Forty-four portal hepertensive patients were investigated according to with or without PHG. The degree and the location of PHG were recorded. The specimens were obtained to perform RT-PCR to measure VEGF mRNA. Results VEGF mRNA in severe (3.48?1.02) or moderate PHG (2.28?0.33) with portal hypertension was higher than that in control (1.40?0.23) and those (1.51?0.32) with portal hypertension without PHG( P

To learn about the economic studies on traditional Chinese medicines in domestic literatures, in order to analyze the current economic assessment of traditional Chinese medicines and explore the existing problems. Efforts were made to search CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database and CBM by computer and include all literatures about economic assessment of traditional Chinese medicines published on professional domestic journals in the systematic assessment and quality evaluation. Finally, 50 articles were included in the study, and the systematic assessment and quality evaluation were made for them in terms of titles, year, authors' identity, expense source, disease type, study perspective, study design type, study target, study target source, time limit, cost calculation, effect indicator, analytical technique and sensitivity analysis. The finally quality score was 0.74, which is very low. The results of the study showed insufficient studies on economics of traditional Chinese medicines, short study duration and simple evaluation methods, which will be solved through unremitting efforts in the future.
Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Factual ; economics ; Drug Therapy ; economics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Publications ; economics