Cell sheet engineering is an important technology to harvest the cultured cells in the form of confluent monolayers using a continuous culture method and a physical approach. Avoiding the use of enzymes, expended cells can be harvested together with endogenous extracellular matrix, cell-matrix contacts, and cell-cell contacts. With high efficiency of cell loading ability and without using exogenous scaffolds, cell sheet engineering has several advantages over traditional tissue engineering methods. In this article, we give an overview on cell sheet technology about its applications in the filed of tissue regeneration, including the construction of soft tissues (corneal, mucous membrane, myocardium, blood vessel, pancreas islet, liver, bladder and skin) and hard tissues (bone, cartilage and tooth root). This techonoly is promising to provide a novel strategy for the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. And further works should be carried out on the operability of this technology and its feasibility to construct thick tissues.
Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Regenerative Medicine ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To investigate Shuxuening injection combined with deproteinized extract of calf blood on serum IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 level in patients with cerebral infarction recovery stage.Methods 120 patients with cerebral infarction were collected.According to the different drug treatment, 60 cases in each group were given corresponding drug treatment, on the basis of control group, the calf blood extract injection was given in experimental group.After the end of treatment, all patients blood rheology, IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 levels were tested.Results Compared with control group, the indexes of the patients in experimental group improved more significantly, whole blood viscosity, red blood cell pressure volume, platelet aggregation rate decreased significantly(P<0.05); serum IGF-1 levels in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-1, ICAM-1 in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Shuxuening injection combined with deproteinized extract of calf blood can significantly reduce serum IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 levels in patients with cerebral infarction recovery stage, improve blood flow, reduce blood viscosity.

Tibetan Medicine (TM) has become important source of feature industry in several main Tibetan regions with its unique cultural and natural resources. This article argued that the researches on TM basic theories are weak;ecological environment for TM is fragile;safety evaluation ability is relatively insufficient;standardization system for researches on TM is needed; reasonable talent team supporting the development of TM industry is required;The combination of production, learning and research is not close;innovation ability is low;guiding principles for the evaluation of new TM do not exist. All of these are main factors that restrict the development of TM industry. Therefore, the main measures for the promotion of TM are:improve research level of TM theories;strengthen the protection of TM resources;promote national standard construction of TM;improve collaborative innovation ability of TM;enhance talent team construction;formulate appropriate policies and create good marketing environment.

Objective To evaluate the charateristics of biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) by ultrasound. Methods Diametes,thickness,characteristic echo of bile were observed by ultrasound in 41 patients with biliary stricture after OLT,and the results were compared with those of 46 patients without biliary complication after OLT.Results The diameter of intrahepatic bile,thickness of bile,incidence of intrahepatic bile dilation or hyperechogenicity in biliary stricture patiens were higher than those in patients without biliary complication,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The series of ultrasonographic character such as bile dilation,thickeness or hyperechogenicity of biliary wall,thin of bile duct are available to diagnose biliary stricture.

Objective To learn the species distrilbution and drug-resistance of Gram-negative bacilli among bloodstream infections (BSI) in Yunnan province of China during 2012 to 2014.Methods Bloodstream infected Gram-negative bacilli were collected from 28 general hospitals in Yunan province of China.Data from all hospitals were applied with the same method of bacteria culture,isolation,identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests.WHONET 5.6 was used to perform the statistical analysis.Results A total of 9042 clinical strains of non-repetitive gram-negative bacilli were collected.Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenter bacteria accounted for 82.4％ and 17.6％ respectively.Enterobacteriaceae were mainly composed of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Non-fermenter bacteria were mainly composed of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aerouginosa.Escherichia coli accounted for the majority 49.29％,other species were Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.17％,Acinetobacter baumannii 4.04％ and Pseudomonas aeroginosa 3.85％.The susceptible rate of Enterobacteriaceae strains to the first generation cephalosporin was lower than 60％.The susceptible rate of E coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to impenem was close to 100％,to Amikacin was more than 85％,to piperacillin-tazobactam was more than 70％,to Cefepime was more than 70％.But the susceptible rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to impnem and amikacin decreased year by year from 2012 to 2014.The susceptible rate of Enterobacter cloacae to Amikacin was 86.4％ ～ 93.6％,Ciprofloxacin 70.5 ～ 76％,Cefepime 72.1 ～ 82.8％.It was less than other Enterobacteriaceae.The susceptible rate of Non-fermenter bacteria to normal antibiotics was much lower than Enterobacteriaceae.The susceptible rates of Pseudomonas aeroginosa to Impnem was 58.9％,Tobramycin 85％,Ciprofloxacin 71.7％,Amikacin 82.9％,Piperacillintazobactam 75.3％,Piperacillin59.6％,Atreonam 46.5％,Ceftazidime 69.1％ and Cefepime 68.9％ respectively.Furthermore,Acinetobacter baumannii's durg-resistance was more severe.The susceptible rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was lower than 30％,to the third and fourth generation cephalosporin,the susceptible rate of Ampicillin/Sulbactam,Cefoperazone/Sulbactam,Carbapenems,Piperacillin/Tazuobatan,Quinolones and Carbapenems was less than 40％.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli have low susceptibilities among BSI.E.coli is the most common pathegon among BSI.The resistant rate of Non-fermenter bacteria to normal antibiotics is severe in hospitals.

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by ?-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local ?-particles emission from 188 Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188 Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of ?-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count,-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy.RESULTS: ?-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188 Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of ?-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: ?-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50 was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. ?-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G 0/G 1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after ?-particles irradiation.

Objective To study the relationship between ultrasonographic appearance of the endometrium and the blood flow of uterine artery,ovarian stroma and VEGF in the spontaneous ovulating cycle.Methods A total of 30 women with normal ovulating function participated in this study.On the day of positive urinary LH,the subjects were divided into three groups(A,B and C) according to Gonen's criterions of endometrial echogenic patterns.The peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),resistance index(RI) in uterine arteries and ovarian stromal vessels were measured with transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography;follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E_(2)) and progesterone(P) were assessed by fluoroimmunoassay;and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the third day of the cycle,the pre-ovulating phase,and the 6～7 day after ovulation.Results ① During the pre-ovulatory phase uterine arteries and ovarian stromal blood flow PSV in group A was significantly higher than that in group C(P0.05).Conclusion Lower receptivity in the hyperechogenic endometrium may be related with corpus luteum defection and disorder of the uterine blood vessel activities.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of prevention of recurrent femur fracture in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.Methods Data of 35 patients (19 boys,16 girls) who were treated for femur deformity due to osteogenesis imperfecta at our hospital from Jun 2009 to Jun 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The average age of the patients was 9 years 3 months,ranging from 3 years 6 months to 13 years 1 month.All the patients had suffered from recurrent femur fractures before which led to femoral deformity.The mean angulation angle was 55° (range,10°-90°).10 patients were operated at one side;the other 25 patients were treated bilaterally.None of them received operation before for fractures.The average incidence of femur fracture before operation was 2.4/year (range,2-4).According to the modified Sillence classification system,9 were type Ⅲ OI,14 type Ⅳ,and 12 type I.The curved deformity of the femurs were corrected by osteotomy and stabilized by telescopic intramedullary rods in 35 patients.Results All the 35 patients were followed up for a mean period of 62 months (range,36-72).The average healing time of the osteotomy site of the femur was 8.5 weeks (range,7-12).The patient was encouraged to begin weightbearing and walking when the Xray film showed healing of the osteotomy site.By the latest follow up,80％ of the patients could stand and walk independently.The incidence of femur fracture decreased significantly to the level of 0.3±0.1/year,compared with the level of 2.4± 1.3/year before operation.All the parents of the children were satisfied with the result of deformity correction.At the latest follow up,the Barthel index score increased from 71.82 (range,51-92) before operation to 92.32 (range,82-100) postoperatively,while the WeeFIM score increased from 53.32 (range,42-72) before operation to 78 (range,70-86) postoperatively.The difference of Barthel index score and WeeFIM score between that before and post operation was significant.The children's selfcare and motion ability improved obviously after operation.During follow up,22 patients suffered from recurrent fracture of the femur by various degree,7 of them were treated by open reduction and telescopic rodding surgery,while the other 15 patients were treated conservatively because the fracture displaced or angulated minimally and the fracture healed uneventfully.Conclusion The telescopic intramedullary rod can maintain the correction of the femur deformity and improve the quality of the bone,thus prevent the recurrent fracture of the femur in children with osteogenesis imperfecta effectively.

Blood Platelets ; Humans ; MicroRNAs

Objective To discuss a simple and effective method of medial epicanthoplasty with the subcilliary incision, which can decrease the visible scar. Methods From January of 2007 to De-cember of 2008, 38 patients with epicanthal fold underwent epicanthoplasty using the new method. During the operation a skin incision was subcilliarily made outward from the original medial epican-thus. After elevating the flap and excising the orbicularis oculi muscle beneath the epieanthal fold, the new medial epicanthus was sutured to the designed point. Then subciliary incision was trimmed and sutured. Results Most of the patients obtained satisfactory results. Only one patient complained a-bout visible scarring and none required revision surgery. Scarring was avoided on the noticeable medial canthal region because the only incisions needed were subciliary incisions. Conclusions This method is simple to design and easy to perform. The operative results are effective without visible scars on the medial canthal region.