Objective To study changes of?-glutamyltransferase(GGT)and its isoenzyme in urine and renal cortex of rats with subacute cadmium exposure.Methods Sixty healthy SD male rats were chosen and divided randomly into control group,middle dose group and high dose group,which were orally dosed daily with feed containing0,5and10mg cadmium per kg for six weeks.The activities of GGT and its isoenzyme in urine and renal cortex of the rats were determined in the3rd and6th week respectively.Re sults During the whole experimental period,the body weights and kidney to body weight ratios of control group,middle dose group and high dose group showed no significant differences.The GGT activities of middle dose group and high dose group increased significantly with the prolongation of exposure to cadmium and the increase of cumulative exposure compared with those in the control group.Unusual bands of GGT isoenzyme in the urine and renal cortex homogenate were found in the3rd week and the incidence of unusual bands of GGT isoenzyme was100percent in the6th week in the cadmium-treated rats of middle dose group and high dose group.Con clusion The GGT activities and the unusual bands of GGT isoen-zymes in the urine and renal cortex could be used as sensitive indexes to identify the renal toxic effects induced by cadmium.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; blood ; etiology

The tumor microenvironment is a special environment including tumor cells,stromal cells and extracellular matrix.The notion that the tumor microenvironment is a necessary functional unit to support cancer progression,metastasis and recurrence has been accepted by more and more scholars.Studies have shown that exosomes may play a pivotal role in tumor progression that involved in cell-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment.Here,we summarize the recent publications on the characteristics of exosomes,its biological effects and the potential roles as an important part of the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression.

China ; Humans ; Industry ; statistics & numerical data ; Lead ; blood ; Occupational Exposure

Objective; To evaluate the efficacy of Twin-block appliance in Class Ⅱ division 1 of adolescents. Methods: Several e-lectronic databases (PubMed, The Cochrane library, Embase, CBMdisk, CNKI, VIP)were searched. Abstract that appears to fulfill the initial selection criteria were selected by consensus and original articles were retrieved. Five Chinese journals were hand searched for possible missing articles. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that evaluate the efficacy of Twin-block appliance in Class Ⅱ division I adolescents without any surgical intervention or syndromic characteristics were considered. A comparable untreated control group was required to factor out normal growth changes. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane Reviewers Handbook 4.2.6 Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.0.0 software. Results: Four RCTs including 289 patients were identified. The results of our meta-analysis showed a significant increase on SNB angle, Ar-Gn, Nasolabial angle and Labial-mental fold compared with control group(P<0.05). Whereas overjet, overbite, ANB angle and Ls-E had a significant decrease. In addition, SNA angle and Li-E didnt show statistical significant changes(P>0. 05). Conclusion; In Class II division 1 of adolescents, Twin-block appliance can effectively decrease their overjet, overbite, ANB angle, and induce anterior-posterior growth of mandible. The effect on restrain forward growth of the maxilla was unclear. More RCTs are required to evaluate the efficacy of Twin-block appliance.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children. Methods The data of children with diagnosed Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 2006 to 2016 were retrospectively analysis. Results There were 14 patients who had diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most of whom were infants and toddlers ( 78 . 6%). The common complications were disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and pulmonary hemorrhage. In 14 patients, 7 patients were cured, 4 were died, and 3 were given up treatment by their family because of serious illness. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that isolated pseudomonas aeruginosa had good sensitivity to aminoglycosides and quinolones. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis is more common in infants and toddlers, with high mortality. For suspected patients, the antibiotic that covers the Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be used in early antibiotic therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical use and revision of drug instruction manual. METHODS:The ambi-guity in drug instructions manual was summarized and countermeasures of revision were presented based on the practical clinical conditions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The problems of drug instruction manual that may mislead the patients and medical per-sonnel were as follows as controversial main contents,unclear descriptions of instruction,unfocused contents or without key points,one instruction for multiple drugs,obvious or inaccurate translations,words without popularity and standardization and wrong sentence division or non-standard typesetting. It is suggested that the manufacturers should attach highly importance to the re-vision of drug instruction manual;the revisers should understand the meaning of drugs instruction manual and know the subjects;the premarketing instructions should be tested and investigated by necessary persons;the major and cultural quality of revisers should be improved;the approval monitoring should be strengthened and the feedback mechanism should be established to further improve the instructions,guide the medical staff and patients with accurate use of drugs and ensure the safe drug use of patients.

Objective To observe the clinical behaviors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) for early diagnosis to improve the therapeutic efficacy Methods Eighty seven cases with different grades of CIN confirmed with colposcopy and pathological examination were reviewed for the clinical features and the results from colposcopy, pathology, testing for HPV (human papillomavirus) All patient were treated with various methods and followed up Results Most patients with CIN were in childbearing period and sought for medical advices because of increased leucorrhagia and/or bloody leucorrhea, postcoital bleeding for a comparatively long course Chronic cervicitis was often found in these patients Contact bleeding and HPV infection were common in patients with CINⅡand CIN Ⅲ Patients with CIN Ⅰ were regular followed up or treated with electrocautery, those with CIN Ⅱ were treated with conization or hysterectomy, and for those with CIN Ⅲ, hysterectomy was performed The outcomes of all patients were satisfactory after treatment Conclusion The most common sign for the patients with CIN is postcoital bleeding For correct diagnosis of CIN, colposcopy and together pathological examimotion is recommended High risk HPV detection is a good prognostic factor After treatment, the patients with different grades of CIN should be followed up regularly

Objective To study the application of continuous infusion of remifentanil combined with propofol with different velocity du-ring induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients. Methods Sixty elderly patients were divided into 4 groups randomly(n=15) and given remifentanil with continuous infusion rate of 0.1,0.15,0.2 and 0.3 ?g?kg-1?min-1,respectively.After given midazolam and propofol,remifentanil infusion started with different velocity.Three minutes later,vecuronium was given and intubation performed 2 min later.After that,propofol infusion rate was adjusted according to the changes of blood pressure and kept at 4 mg?kg-1?h-1 5 min before incision.Blood pressure(BP),heart rate(HR),intubation score(following Grant's method) and all side effects and adjuvant drugs used were recorded. Results Grant scores in all patients were less than 8.Atropine and ephedrine were given more in large dose groups and with decreasing of usage of propofol.HR decreased markedly in 0.3 ?g?kg-1?min-1 group after remifentanil began(P

Objective To evaluate the value of double stapling technique with curved cutter stapler in colorectal anastomosis,especially in low colorectal anastomosis. Methods The clinical data of 168 cases of rectal carcinomas treated with double stapling technique with curved cutter stapler were retrospectively reviewed.The intraoperative condition,postoperative complications and findings during follow up were analysed. Results During the operations,the processes of closure and anastomosis of all the patients were satisfactory,and no operative death occurred.After the operations,4 cases(2.4%) had anastomotic leakage,3 cases(1.8%) had anastomotic bleeding,and 2 cases(1.2%) had rectovaginal fistula.All the complications were cured.There was no anastomotic stricture. Conclusion Double stapling technique with curved cutter stapler may help to accomplish low colorectal anastomosis which is a difficult task for handed suture.