Objective To explore the effect of citalopram on tau phosphorylation and memory defi-cits induced by social isolation (SI) in adult rats.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley adult rats (8 months) were grouped or isolation reared for six-weeks.Following the initial two-week period of rearing, citalopram ( 10 mg/kg,i.p.) was administered for 4 weeks.Novel object recognition test,Western blot and ELISA were used to detect recognitive function,the levels of tau and GSK-3βprotein,and melatonin level respectively. Results In the novel object recognition test,compared with the citalopram group(0.71±0.05) and housed group(0.73±0.13),discrimination ratio(0.48±0.15) in SI group was significant decreased (P<0.05).Tau hyperphosphorylation at Tau-1 ((0.88±0.11)),Ser396 (3.94±0.74) episodes were found and almost re-versed by citalopram at Tau-1 (1.56±0.17),Ser396 (2.31±0.24) episodes in SI group.Compared with GH group,the total level of GSK-3β(1.12±0.09) was significantly increased,while the level of Ser9-phosphoryl-ated GSK-3β(inactive form) (0.47±0.11) was significantly decreased in the SI group,both of which were reversed by citalopram (GSK-3β(0.87±0.08) and Ser9-phosphorylated GSK-3β(0.80±0.07)).The me-latonin level was decreased in SI group ((359.54±18.80)pg/ml),and citalopram could partly restore the level of melatonin (418.15±18.72)pg/ml, P<0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrate that citalopram increases the level of melatonin which negatively regulates GSK-3βand attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and memory deficits induced by SI in adult rats.

Objective To explore a surgical therapy on close depressed fracture of the skull.Methods Ni-Ti form memory-alloy cramps were fixed on between the depressed bone and the normal surrounding skull in 16 patients with close depressed fracture of the skull.Results The follow up was 5～54 months(average 26 months).It indicated that there was no displacement and depressing of the fixed bone, no subcutaneous collection of fluid, no reject reaction and inflammation, and no erosion. The fixed bone and skull density showed normal by X ray and the fixed cramp did not disturb CT and MR scaning. All patients declared no mental burden and felt safe.Conclusion The Ni-Ti form memory-alloy cramp has a good mechanical restoration force and a good plastic effect,but no complication,it can increase the ability to resist external force in fracture region, and the surgical procedure is very simple, therefore it is ideal to treat the depressed fracture of skull.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical efficacy of raloxifene and clomiphene in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)complicated with infertility. METHODS:In retrospective study,clinical information of 137 PCOS patients with infertility in our hospital during Jun. 2012-Feb. 2015 were selected and divided into raloxifene group(70 cases)and clomiphene group(67 cases)according to therapy plan. Raloxifene group received Raloxifene tablet 120 mg at the fifth day of menstrual cy-cle,qd,for consecutive 5 d. Clomiphene group received Clomiphene citrate capsule 100 mg at the fifth day of menstrual cycle, qd,for consecutive 5 d. Both groups received B-ultrasound to detect the follicular diameter and endometrial development at the twelfth day of menstrual cycle. When endometrial thickness was ≥7 mm and the diameter of one follicle was ≥18 mm at least,all patients received abdominal subcutaneous injection of Triptorelin acetate injection 0.1 mg to induce ovulation;after 48 h,ovulation was confirmed by B ultrasound. The patients with insufficient luteal function should take dydrogesterone 10 mg as appropriate,q12 h,till 15 d after ovulation. The endometrial thickness,the number of follicles with diameter≥18 mm and follicular maturation time were compared between 2 groups on the day of injection. The sex hormone levels before treatment and on the day of injection,as well as ovulation,outcome indexes and the occurrence of ADR in 2 groups were compared. RESULTS:The endometrial thickness of raloxifene group was greater than that of clomiphene group;the number of follicles with diameter ≥18 mm was more than clo-miphene group;the follicular maturation time was shorter than clomiphene group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in serum levels of P,E2,FSH and LH between 2 groups(P>0.05). Compared to before treatment,there was no statistical significance in serum levels of P,E2,FSH or LH in 2 groups on the day of injection(P>0.05). Serum levels of LH in 2 groups were decreased significantly,and serum level of LH in raloxifene group was significantly lower than in clomiphene group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The ovulation rate of raloxifene group was significantly higher than clomiphene group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);while the pregnancy rate,abortion rate,continuous pregnan-cy rate of 2 groups had no statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the total incidence of ADR (5.71% vs. 8.96%)between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Raloxifene has better ovulation induction effect than clomi-phene,and it can improve the sex hormone levels of PCOS patients with infertility,with few ADR,and similarity in long-term clinical effect with clomiphene.

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is very common in both new drug development and clinic practice. Various drugs can induce kidney injuries, including tubulointerstitial, glomerular and renal vascular disease. To investigate the mechanism of drug induced nephrotoxicity is important for risk reduction of new drug development, reasonable drug usage, early discovery and effective prevention/treatment of adverse effects in clinics.

Objective To investigate the significance of measuring carotid arterial intima-media thickness(IMT) and diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods 76 diabetic patients were divided into three groups:no diabetic retinopathy(NDR),nonpmliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).20 helath people were chosen as control All subjects were examined by ColorDoppler imaging on the carotid arterial intima-media thickness.Results The mean IMT was significantly higher in T_2DM patients than in normal control group(P

AIM: To investigate the effects of stress on the opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability pore (PTP) in rat heart and explore the possible molecular mechanism underlying PTP opening. METHODS: Stress animal model was established. After strained for differnet time, all rats were killed and PTP opening degree were examined by spectrophotometer. Bcl-2, Bax expression levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Stress induced PTP opning, Bcl-2 expression inhibition and Bax level elevation in myocardial mitochondria. CONCLUSION: PTP opening was the important mitochondrial mechanism of stress-induced heart injury. Decrease in Bcl-2 expression and increase of Bax level may be an important molecular basis for PTP opening.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Survival Analysis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods

Objective To investigate the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in rat brain neurons and the intervention of β-sodium aescinate after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).Methods Sixty SD adult rats were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups (n =20),namely experiment group,control group and sham operation group.(1) The rats of experiment group were injected intraperitoneally with β-sodium aescinate (5 mg/kg) immediately after ROSC.(2) The rats of control group received normal saline injected intraperitoneally instead of β-sodium aescinate solution.(3)The rats of sham operation group did not have cardiac arrest and β-sodium aescinate intervention.Cardiac arrest rat model was established by using asphyxiation and intra-venous potassium chloride solution.Blood samples were taken 1 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after ROSC,and subsequently rats were sacrificed and their brain tissues were harvested.The expressions of HIF-1 α mRNA,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)mRNA and erythropoitin (EPO) mRNA and their protein levels in rat brain neurons were detected by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,and the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β proteins were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The t test or one-way ANOVA was used to assess overall differences among groups for each of the variables,followed by Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons.Pearson method was used for correlation analysis.Results Compared with the sham operation group at intervals of 1 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after ROSC,levels of serum S100β and NSE proteins were significantly increased in rats of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the expressions of HIF-1 α mRNA,VEGF mRNA and EPO mRNA and their protein levels in rat brain neurons were significantly increased in the control rats (P ＜0.05).Compared with the control group at intervals of 1 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after ROSC,levels of serum NSE and S100β proteins were significantly decreased in rats of the experiment group (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas,the expressions of HIF-1 α mRNA,VEGF mRNA and EPO mRNA and their protein levels in rat brain neurons were significantly increased in rats of the experiment group (P ＜0.05).HIF-1 α mRNA was positively correlated with EPO mRNA and VEGF mRNAs (r =O.866,P ＜0.05 ; r =0.952,P ＜ O.01).Conclusions The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α is increased in rat brain cells after ROSC,and β-sodium aescinate up-regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor1 α mRNA and protein levels.The up-regulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α improves the resistance of brain cells to ischemia and hypoxia contributing neuronal protection,which might be due to upregulated EPO and VEGF expressions induced by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

Objective To realize the status in the implementation of three industry standards of central sterile sup-ply department (CSSD),and provide a scientific basis for carrying out of the standards. Methods According to three standards,investigation forms were designed by specialists,written survey on 365 hospitals in 9 provinces and field investigation on 1 5 hospitals in 3 provinces were performed,the implementation of three standards were investi-gated.Results Of 365 hospitals,the number of provincial and ministerial level,municipal level,and county level hospitals were 90,87 and 188 respectively. More than 94% of hospitals established CSSD management system and regulations,>90% of hospitals met the requirements of CSSD layout;All hospitals were equipped with pressure steam sterilizer,all levels of hospitals basically equipped with the necessary equipments and facilities;CSSD respon-sible officers of 94.52% (345/365)of hospitals participated in training on standards;69.61% (252/362)of hospi-tals were using or developing CSSD information systems;>92% of the CSSD responsible officers considered that three standards played an important role in facilitating centralized management,and improving the quality of clean-ing,disinfection and sterilization.Conclusion Hospitals need to strengthen the management and training on stand-ards of CSSD,management of loaner instruments and development of information system need to be standardized.

Objective: To explore the effects of ranitidine on pharmacokinetics of rhein in rats after oral administration of Dachengqi Decoction (DCQD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Methods: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into DCQD group and DCQD plus ranitidine group, and were orally administered with DCQD at a dose of 10 g/kg or DCQD (10 g/kg) combined with ranitidine (150 mg/kg), respectively. Blood samples were gathered after a series of time intervals. Metabolism of rhein was determined with a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with internal standard of 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone and the data were analyzed with DAS 2.1 program. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of rhein in the DCQD group, including peak concentration (C(max)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), distribution phase half-life (t(1/2alpha)), elimination rate constant (K(10)) and central to peripheral transfer rate constant (K(12)), were significantly different to those in the DCQD plus ranitidine group (P<0.05, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups. Conclusion: Ranitidine can influence the pharmacokinetics of rhein in rats after oral administration of DCQD.