I 2 Imidazoline binding sites have been shown to exist on cardiac myocytes of human beings and rat. Both of I 1 and I 2 imidazoline binding sites have been identified on vascular smooth muscle cells of various species. Vascular I 2 imidazoline binding sites may participate in vascular smooth muscle proliferation. The sympathetic nerves supplying the cardiovascular system are endowed with presynaptic inhibitory imidazoline receptors. Being different from most of the imidazolines, moxonidine does not activate presynaptic imidazoline receptors, but SR141716A, which is considered as a selective antagonist at cannabinoid receptors, antagonizes presynaptic imidazoline receptors. It has been shown that imidazolines exhibit antiarrhythmic action. Agamatine, which is endogenous ligand at imidazoline receptors, not only decreases the rate of pacemaker firing in sinoatrial node of animal, prolongs action potential duration on cardiac myocytes of human beings and animal, but also inhibits afterdepolarizations induced by isoproterenol. On the other hand, imidazolines and guanidines inhibit the cardiovascular K ATP channel in a noncompetitive manner, those effects might interfere with the cardioprotective effects of K ATP channel.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of commonly encountered pathogenic microbes during the last five years.METHODS A total of 9318 strains of NI pathogens during from Jan 2004 to Dec 2008 were surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS From them the percentage of Gram-positive cocci was 13.6%,the main pathogen was coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Gram-negative bacilli(28.8%).The predominant pathogens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The drug resistance of NI pathogens was markedly increased.Especially,the rate of drug resistance of P.aeruginosa to imipenem was from 0 to 31.8% in 2005,and that of Enterococcus to vancomycin was 4.0% in 2007.The percentage of fungi was 26.4% and increased sharply year by year.CONCLUSIONS The Gram-negative bacteria play a dominant role in clinics and drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria is a serious problem.Monitoring the trends of pathogenic bacteria′s distribution and drug resistance is very important in guiding the clinical administration of drugs and we should pay attention to fungal infection.

Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Sarcosine Dehydrogenase ; deficiency

Objective To investigate the value of tumor M2 pyruvate kinase (TuM2-PK ) ,cytokeratin-18 (CK18 )-3A9 and cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1) in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) ,and to evaluate the application value of combined de-tection of these three kinds tumor markers in diagnosis of NSCLC .Methods The serum levels of TuM2-PK and CK18-3A9 were measured in 67 patients with NSCLC(NSCLC group) ,72 patients with benign lung diseases(benign group) and 75 healthy control (control group) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .The level of CYFRA21-1 was detected by electrochemilumines-cence method .Results The serum levels of TuM2-PK ,CK18-3A9 and CYFRA21-1 in NSCLC group were higher than those in be-nign group and control group(P<0 .05) .The sensitivity of TuM2-PK or CK18-3A9 was better than CYFRA21-1(P<0 .05) ,the specificity of CYFRA21-1 was better than TuM2-PK or CK18-3A9(P<0 .01) .The sensitivity and accuracy of combined detection of TuM2-PK ,CK18-3A9 and CYFRA21-1 were both better than CYFRA21-1(P<0 .05) .The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of combined detection of TuM2-PK ,CK18-3A9 and CYFRA21-1 were all better than TuM2-PK or CK18-3A9 alone(P<0 .05) .Con-clusion The combined detection of TuM2-PK ,CK18-3A9 and CYFRA21-1 were better in sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis of NSCLC .

Objective To explore the curative effect of breathing machine in the treatment of acute heart failure complicated with respiratory failure.Methods 1 1 0 patients with acute heart failure and respiratory failure in emergency ICU of our hospital were selected,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group received routine therapy,the observation group was given breathing machine on the basis of routine therapy.The treatment efficacy of the two groups was compared.Results Before treatment,PaO2 ,PaCO2 ,PH and SaO2 between the two groups had no obvious differences (P >0.05 ).After treatment,PaO2 ,PH and SaO2 in the observation group were (1 1 .41 ±2.25)kPa,(7.42 ±0.1 9),(97.1 1 ±2.1 7)%,which were significantly higher than those in the control group,PaCO2 was (5.21 ±0.22)kPa,which was significantly lower than the that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.501 ,P =0.01 4;t =2.598,P =0.01 1 ;t =2.855,P =0.005;t =-2.691 ,P =0.008).The level of sernm brain natriuretie peptide of the observation group[(472.32 ± 298.06)pg/L]was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-2.263,P <0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of breathing machine EICU in treatment of acute heart failure complicated with respiratory failure is remarkable,and can effectively improve the clinical symptoms,and is worth further clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:To study the legislative evolution and causes of biologics data protection system in the United States, and provide reference for designing biologics data protection system in China. METHODS:Started from analyzing the features of biologics data protection in the United States,through analyzing the legislative struggle of biologics data protection in the United States,the caused and its enlightenment to China were explored. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:After legislative discussion evolu-tion and struggle,the United States enacted the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act in 2010,established the world's firststrong protectionstandard of biologics data protection system,and determined the 12-year data protection period. The legisla-tive basis was to stimulate the strategic needs of innovation,the direct cause was that a biological analogue simplified application was established in the United States,and the key factors included biologics technical attributes and patent protection features. Cur-rently,biologics data protection system is not suitable for China,and China should implement the system from nothing,from weak to strong when the national condition matches or strategic choice needs. Meanwhile,a mature registration approval system is the ba-sis of establishing data protection system.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Humans ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; Xylenes ; toxicity