I 2 Imidazoline binding sites have been shown to exist on cardiac myocytes of human beings and rat. Both of I 1 and I 2 imidazoline binding sites have been identified on vascular smooth muscle cells of various species. Vascular I 2 imidazoline binding sites may participate in vascular smooth muscle proliferation. The sympathetic nerves supplying the cardiovascular system are endowed with presynaptic inhibitory imidazoline receptors. Being different from most of the imidazolines, moxonidine does not activate presynaptic imidazoline receptors, but SR141716A, which is considered as a selective antagonist at cannabinoid receptors, antagonizes presynaptic imidazoline receptors. It has been shown that imidazolines exhibit antiarrhythmic action. Agamatine, which is endogenous ligand at imidazoline receptors, not only decreases the rate of pacemaker firing in sinoatrial node of animal, prolongs action potential duration on cardiac myocytes of human beings and animal, but also inhibits afterdepolarizations induced by isoproterenol. On the other hand, imidazolines and guanidines inhibit the cardiovascular K ATP channel in a noncompetitive manner, those effects might interfere with the cardioprotective effects of K ATP channel.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans

Humans ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; Xylenes ; toxicity

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of low dose fentanyl combined to ropivacaine in subarachnoid block for cesarean section.Methods Eighty patients with ASA physical status Ⅰ and Ⅱscheduled to undergo cesarean section for delivery were randomly allocated to receiving spinally mixture none fentanyl ( group R),5 μg fentanyl ( group F5 ), 10 μg fentanyl ( group F10 ), and 15μg fentanyl ( group F15 ), combined with 1%ropivacaine 1 ml and 10% glucose 1 ml respectively,after combined spinal-epidural anesthesia puncture was applied at the L2～3 interspace.Heart rate, blood pressure, the onset and recovery time of the sensory and motor block,time to the highest level and the highest level of sensory block, time to the maximal extent and the maximal extent of the motor block were recorded at regular intervals.The adverse effects were sought during and after surgery.Neonatal outcome was assessed using Apgar score.Results The recovery of sensory block was prolonged significantly in group F10 and group F15 than in group R and group F5.Conclusion Ropivacaine with 10μg fentanyl is safe and effective in subarachnoid block for cesarean section.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Sarcosine Dehydrogenase ; deficiency

Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

OBJECTIVE:To study the legislative evolution and causes of biologics data protection system in the United States, and provide reference for designing biologics data protection system in China. METHODS:Started from analyzing the features of biologics data protection in the United States,through analyzing the legislative struggle of biologics data protection in the United States,the caused and its enlightenment to China were explored. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:After legislative discussion evolu-tion and struggle,the United States enacted the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act in 2010,established the world's firststrong protectionstandard of biologics data protection system,and determined the 12-year data protection period. The legisla-tive basis was to stimulate the strategic needs of innovation,the direct cause was that a biological analogue simplified application was established in the United States,and the key factors included biologics technical attributes and patent protection features. Cur-rently,biologics data protection system is not suitable for China,and China should implement the system from nothing,from weak to strong when the national condition matches or strategic choice needs. Meanwhile,a mature registration approval system is the ba-sis of establishing data protection system.

Objective To explore the curative effect of breathing machine in the treatment of acute heart failure complicated with respiratory failure.Methods 1 1 0 patients with acute heart failure and respiratory failure in emergency ICU of our hospital were selected,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group received routine therapy,the observation group was given breathing machine on the basis of routine therapy.The treatment efficacy of the two groups was compared.Results Before treatment,PaO2 ,PaCO2 ,PH and SaO2 between the two groups had no obvious differences (P >0.05 ).After treatment,PaO2 ,PH and SaO2 in the observation group were (1 1 .41 ±2.25)kPa,(7.42 ±0.1 9),(97.1 1 ±2.1 7)%,which were significantly higher than those in the control group,PaCO2 was (5.21 ±0.22)kPa,which was significantly lower than the that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.501 ,P =0.01 4;t =2.598,P =0.01 1 ;t =2.855,P =0.005;t =-2.691 ,P =0.008).The level of sernm brain natriuretie peptide of the observation group[(472.32 ± 298.06)pg/L]was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-2.263,P <0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of breathing machine EICU in treatment of acute heart failure complicated with respiratory failure is remarkable,and can effectively improve the clinical symptoms,and is worth further clinical application.

Objective To estimate whether a change in the polarity of low atrial electrograms recorded near the ablation line is an accurate indicator of complete isthmus block in the radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. Methods Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 10 patients with typical atrial flutter. Electrograms were recorded around the tricuspid annulus using a duodecapolar halo catheter and the distal electrode of halo catheter positioned just near the ablation line. The electrogram polarity of the distal electrode pair (H potential) was analyzed during atrial flutter and during coronary sinus pacing before and after ablation. Results Radiofrequency ablation was performed during coronary sinus pacing in 8 patients and performed during atrial flutter in 2 patients. Complete isthmus block was achieved in all patients. Before ablation, the initial polarity of H potential was predominantly positive during coronary sinus pacing and predominantly negative during atrial flutter. After complete isthmus block was achieved, the initial polarity of H potential was predominantly negative during coronary sinus pacing in all the patients. Conclusion The change of the electrogram polarity recorded just near the ablation line during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of typical atrial flutter is a simple, quick and accurate indicator of complete isthmus block.