Facial aging is a natural and unavoidable process for everyone. During the third decade of life and beyond, there is a gradual change in facial structure. Recently, the demand for facial rejuvenation has grown given the growth of an aging population that is in pursuit of a younger and fresher appearance that is more in line with their concept of aging. Facial plastic surgeons should understand the anatomical changes of the aging face and must be able to guide a patient through an appropriate rejuvenation strategy ranging from noninvasive, nonsurgical, and minimally invasive procedures to major surgical procedures.
Aging ; Humans ; Rejuvenation ; Rhytidoplasty

The life history of man is summarized as a birth-aging-disease-death. Man eventually ages and dies. How long can humans live? What is aging? Why do we age? Is aging inevitable? Can we rejuvenate? Recent researches on biological aging suggest that humans might overcome aging and rejuvenate. In this paper, we review the biologic characteristics of aging and the latest results of biological aging research, implicating that aging can be controlled, further treated, and that humans can ultimately be rejuvenated.
Aging* ; Cell Aging ; Humans ; Population Characteristics ; Rejuvenation

The Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS 1064-nm Nd:YAG) laser is increasingly used for nonablative skin rejuvenation or "laser toning" for melasma. Multiple and frequent low-fluence, large-spot-size treatments are used to achieve laser toning, and these treatments are associated with the development of macular hypopigmentation as a complication. We present a case series of three patients who developed guttate hypomelanotic macules on the face after receiving laser toning treatment with QS 1064-nm Nd:YAG.
Aluminum ; Humans ; Hypopigmentation* ; Melanosis ; Rejuvenation ; Skin ; Yttrium

With increasing public concern about facial wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity due to aging, diverse devices have been proposed as treatment modalities for facial wrinkles and laxity. Recently, ultrasonography was introduced as a new treatment modality for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. High-intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU) may be the best example of this technique. It is based on the principle of induction of tissue damage and regeneration of the target area selectively via coagulation by generating microthermal injury lesions through the accumulation of high-frequency ultrasonography beams at the specific tissue site without any damage to the epidermis and adjacent tissue. Current studies reveal that HIFU significantly improves facial wrinkles and skin contours, with generally mild and transient side effects. However, serious adverse events could occur when skillful techniques are not used. These events should be prevented and treated immediately upon presentation to avoid permanent complications. In this article, the authors reviewed the background, principle, treatment outcomes, and side effects of HIFU to improve its efficacy and safety as a new modality for facial rejuvenation.
Aging ; Elasticity ; Epidermis ; Regeneration ; Rejuvenation* ; Skin ; Ultrasonography*

Intense pulsed light (IPL) Quantum SR(TM) systems are high-intensity light sources, which emit polychromatic light. Unlike laser systems, these flashlamps work with noncoherent light in a broad wavelength spectrum of 560-1200 nm. IPL Quantum SR(TM) has been effective for the treatment of photoaging skin as a nonablative method. Three patients with photoaged skin were treated with fifth full-face treatments at 3-4 week intervals using IPL Quantum SR(TM). The cut-off filters of 560 nm and integrated contact cooling system were utilized for treatments. After the last treatments, the patients showed the overall improvement in clinical appearance, reduction in pigmentation and telangiectasia and fine wrinkle with smoothening of skin textures. Histological evaluations showed new collagen production after treatment. Full-face photorejuvenation using IPL Quantum SR(TM) can be an effective treatment modality for photoaged skin. We report herein IPL photorejuvenation is safe and effective in skin rejuvenation.
Collagen ; Humans ; Pigmentation ; Rejuvenation ; Skin ; Telangiectasis

Aging changes on the upper third of the face include brow ptosis, glabellar furrowing and forehead transverse wrinkle caused by an imbalance of the forehead muscles. Surgical methods to correct these phenomena include forehead lift with a coronal incision, endoscopic access, and direct forehead skin excision. In response to a common need for cosmetic improvement in the brow-upper eyelid and a desire for minimal incisions for forehead rejuvenation, an approach through blepharoplasty incision had been developed. This approach has many advantages, such as fewer skin incision, less tissue mobilization and direct excision of the hyperactive depressor muscles. However, this approach is not suitable for those who have significant forehead wrinkle and ptosis. We used a combined subperiosteal approach for forehead lift and transection of the hyperactive corrugator and procerus muscles through blepharoplasty incision. This combined surgical technique is simple and effective to correct aging of the upper third of the face without the usual complication. We performed 10 cases of the transpalpebral approach for the correction of the upper third of the face from January 1997 to September 1998, following them up for from 3 to 6 months and obtained satisfactory results. We report our experiences with a review of the literature.
Aging* ; Blepharoplasty ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Muscles ; Rejuvenation ; Skin

The life history of man is summarized as a birth-aging-disease-death. Man eventually ages and dies. How long can humans live? What is aging? Why do we age? Is aging inevitable? Can we rejuvenate? Recent researches on biological aging suggest that humans might overcome aging and rejuvenate. In this paper, we review the biologic characteristics of aging and the latest results of biological aging research, implicating that aging can be controlled, further treated, and that humans can ultimately be rejuvenated.
Aging ; Cell Aging ; Humans ; Population Characteristics ; Rejuvenation

In general, Oriental people have thicker facial skin with more subcutaneous adipose tissues than Caucacian people. These differences result in characteristic Oriental aging face combined with squared facial contours. Conventional face lift essentially consists of facial wrinklinges and reducing flaccidity of facial skin but squared facial contouring is not considered. Flat and squared face can be improved by reduction malarplasty and mandibular angleplasty, thoses are the common facial bone contouring surgeries performed in the Orient. If patients, who have aging face, also have flat and squared face, it is necessary to be performed face lift and facial bone contouring surgery simultaneously. We have experienced 18 cases of patients with aging face and squared face who were operated face lifting procedures combined with maloplasty or angleplasty(from Apr.1997 to Mar. 2001). And We have satisfactory results on most patients(16 cases of patients were satisfied with results).
Aging ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Rejuvenation* ; Rhytidoplasty ; Skin

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated dynamic changes in eyebrow position related to aging. METHODS: Female participants were recruited and separated into two groups aged 20–30 years (the younger group, n=20; mean age, 24.8 years) and 50–70 years (the older group, n=20; mean age, 55.8 years). Photogrammetry was used to determine the eyebrow position at the medial canthus (MC), lateral limbus, lateral canthus, and lateral end point (EP) for 6 actions: smooth opening (the reference action) and closing of the eye, forward gaze, maximum opening and closing of the eye, and maximum frown. Videos were also recorded. RESULTS: No differences in eyebrow position were detected at the MC when opening or closing the eyes smoothly, gazing straight ahead, or closing the eyes maximally. For all 6 actions, the position of the lateral EP in the older group was significantly lower than in the younger group (P=0.003), and the smallest degree of vertical movement at this point was found in both age groups (P<0.001). Vertical movement at the 4 landmarks of the eyebrows decreased with aging. CONCLUSIONS: Eyebrow position was unchanged at the MC with aging, except at maximal eye opening and maximal frown. No differences in eyebrow position were observed between the younger and older groups when eyes were maximally closed, except at the EP. It is important to focus on correction of the lateral EP for periorbital rejuvenation.
Aging* ; Anthropometry ; Eyebrows* ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Photogrammetry ; Physiology ; Rejuvenation

Radiofrequency (RF) device is a novel non-ablative technology which differs from laser devices that uses an electric current rather than a light source. RF device can deliver thermal energy to the dermis and stimulate neocollagenesis and dermal collagen remodeling, so that it is frequently used in cosmetic dermatology for skin rejuvenation. However, some questions remain regarding the optimal treatment parameter such as energy levels and number of passes. Unwanted adverse effects like burn and erythema with edema would occur at any time during the procedures. Therefore, it is very important that RF should be performed by skilled and well-trained clinicians. In this review, we summarized the basic principles of RF and its use to determine the evidence-based efficacy. In addition, various adverse effects and management of them will be addressed in this article.
Burns ; Collagen ; Cosmetics ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Edema ; Erythema ; Light ; Rejuvenation ; Skin