We demonstrate an aberrant ramification pattern of the renal and testicular vessels. On both sides, the anterior and posterior renal veins emerged from the renal. On the right side, the anterior renal vein collected the right testicular vein and drained into the inferior vena cava, while the posterior one directly drained into the inferior vena cava. Two retrocaval testicular arteries originated from the aorta. On the left side, the perinephric vein drained from the abdominal wall and adrenal gland and joined the anterior renal vein. The anterior renal vein also collected the testicular, suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins. The posterior one received the other testicular vein and the first three lumbar veins. These renal veins converged, passed anteriorly to the aorta, and drained into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the varied anatomy of these vessels will contribute to safe surgical approach to the kidneys.

We demonstrate an aberrant ramification pattern of the renal and testicular vessels. On both sides, the anterior and posterior renal veins emerged from the renal. On the right side, the anterior renal vein collected the right testicular vein and drained into the inferior vena cava, while the posterior one directly drained into the inferior vena cava. Two retrocaval testicular arteries originated from the aorta. On the left side, the perinephric vein drained from the abdominal wall and adrenal gland and joined the anterior renal vein. The anterior renal vein also collected the testicular, suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins. The posterior one received the other testicular vein and the first three lumbar veins. These renal veins converged, passed anteriorly to the aorta, and drained into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the varied anatomy of these vessels will contribute to safe surgical approach to the kidneys.

We demonstrate an aberrant ramification pattern of the renal and testicular vessels. On both sides, the anterior and posterior renal veins emerged from the renal. On the right side, the anterior renal vein collected the right testicular vein and drained into the inferior vena cava, while the posterior one directly drained into the inferior vena cava. Two retrocaval testicular arteries originated from the aorta. On the left side, the perinephric vein drained from the abdominal wall and adrenal gland and joined the anterior renal vein. The anterior renal vein also collected the testicular, suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins. The posterior one received the other testicular vein and the first three lumbar veins. These renal veins converged, passed anteriorly to the aorta, and drained into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the varied anatomy of these vessels will contribute to safe surgical approach to the kidneys.

We demonstrate an aberrant ramification pattern of the renal and testicular vessels. On both sides, the anterior and posterior renal veins emerged from the renal. On the right side, the anterior renal vein collected the right testicular vein and drained into the inferior vena cava, while the posterior one directly drained into the inferior vena cava. Two retrocaval testicular arteries originated from the aorta. On the left side, the perinephric vein drained from the abdominal wall and adrenal gland and joined the anterior renal vein. The anterior renal vein also collected the testicular, suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins. The posterior one received the other testicular vein and the first three lumbar veins. These renal veins converged, passed anteriorly to the aorta, and drained into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the varied anatomy of these vessels will contribute to safe surgical approach to the kidneys.

We demonstrate an aberrant ramification pattern of the renal and testicular vessels. On both sides, the anterior and posterior renal veins emerged from the renal. On the right side, the anterior renal vein collected the right testicular vein and drained into the inferior vena cava, while the posterior one directly drained into the inferior vena cava. Two retrocaval testicular arteries originated from the aorta. On the left side, the perinephric vein drained from the abdominal wall and adrenal gland and joined the anterior renal vein. The anterior renal vein also collected the testicular, suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins. The posterior one received the other testicular vein and the first three lumbar veins. These renal veins converged, passed anteriorly to the aorta, and drained into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the varied anatomy of these vessels will contribute to safe surgical approach to the kidneys.

Background/Aims: Mechanical properties (MPs) and axial and radial force (AF and RF) may influence the efficacy and complications of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement. We measured the MPs of various SEMSs and examined their influence on the SEMS clinical ability. Methods: We evaluated the MPs of 29 types of 10-mm SEMSs. RF was measured using a conventional measurement device. AF was measured using the conventional and new methods, and the correlation between the methods was evaluated. Results: A high correlation in AFs was observed, as measured by the new and conventional manual methods. AF and RF scatterplots divided the SEMSs into three subgroups according to structure: hook-and-cross-type (low AF and RF), cross-type (high AF and low RF), and laser-cut-type (intermediate AF and high RF). The hook-and-cross-type had the largest axial force zero border (>20°), followed by the laser-cut and cross types. Conclusions MPs were related to stent structure. Hook-and-cross-type SEMSs had a low AF and high axial force zero border and were considered safest because they caused minimal stress on the biliary wall. However, the increase in RF must be overcome.