Humans ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery

Anal Canal ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

The introduction of total mesorectal excision and the use of neoadjuvant therapy has led to improved prognosis of rectal cancer. Circumferential resection margin(CRM) is one of the main prognostic factors. Positive CRM is associated with adverse prognosis. It is of clinical significance to clarify different patterns of CRM involvement, the exact definitions, and associated factors. TME quality assessment and accurate determination of CRM involvement are crucial in the pathologic examination of rectal cancer. Extended abdominoperineal resection during which the levator muscles are resected en bloc with the anus and lower rectum may be superior than conventional abdominoperineal resection (APR) in terms of obtaining a negative CRM.
Humans ; Perineum ; pathology ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; pathology ; surgery

Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the association of tumor budding with clinicopathological features and prognosis in T2 rectal cancer.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 123 patients who underwent potentially curative resection for T2 rectal carcinoma between 2001 and 2005 at the Changhai Hospital were collected. All pathology slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examinations. The maximum value of tumor buds(MV) and average value of tumor buds(AV) were calculated, which were classified as low value (≤5), median value (5 < bud value < 10), and high value (≥10).

RESULTSUnivariate analysis and multivariate analysis revealed that MV(P=0.000), AV(P=0.001), and lymphatic invasion (P=0.006) were independent predictors for lymph node metastasis in T2 rectal cancer. Neural invasion and poorly differentiation were significantly associated with MV(P<0.05). Neural invasion, vascular invasion and poorly differentiation were were significantly associated to AV (P<0.01). Disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with low AV, median AV and high AV was 110.5 months, 95.8 months, and 60.0 months respectively. There were significance differences in DFS of low AV with median and high AV(P<0.05). DFS of patients with low MV, median MV and high MV was 115.1 months, 98.5 months, and 86.0 months respectively. There were significance differences in DFS between low and high AV, and median and high MV(P<0.01 and P<0.05), while no significant difference existed between low and median MV.

CONCLUSIONTumor budding is a useful marker to indicate high invasiveness of rectal cancer and a valuable prognostic predictor.

Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

The optimal goals in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer are curative resection, anal sphincter preservation, and preservation of sexual and voiding functions. The quality of complete resection of rectal cancer and the surrounding mesorectum can determine the prognosis of patients and their quality of life. With the emergence of total mesorectal excision in the field of rectal cancer surgery, anatomical sharp pelvic dissection has been emphasized to achieve these therapeutic goals. In the past, the rates of local recurrence and sexual/ voiding dysfunction have been high. However, with sharp pelvic dissection based on the pelvic anatomy, local recurrence has decreased to less than 10%, and the preservation rate of sexual and voiding function is high. Improved surgical techniques have created much interest in the surgical anatomy related to curative rectal cancer surgery, with particular focus on the fascial planes and nerve plexuses and their relationship to the surgical planes of dissection. A complete understanding of rectum anatomy and the adjacent pelvic organs are essential for colorectal surgeons who want optimal oncologic outcomes and safety in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer.
Rectum/pathology/*surgery ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery ; Pelvis/*surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Dissection/methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility, maneuver and efficacy of plasma prostate electrovaporization system in the treatment of rectal cicatricial stenosis.

METHODSAccording to similar procedure of transurethral resection prostate(TURP), intrarectal cicatriclectomy was performed with plasma prostate electrovaporization system in 7 patients with rectal low cicatricial stenosis after rectal cancer treatment (5 patients with transabdominal low anterior resection,2 patients with 3-dimension precise radiotherapy) to remove obstruction and dilate enteric cavity.

RESULTSSeven patients underwent 12 operations, including one operation in 3 patients, two operations in 3 patients, 3 operations in one patient. Resected rectal cicatricial tissue ranged from 5 to 15 g. Mean operation time was 41 min (25 to 40). Operation successful rate was 100% without complications such as perforation, bleeding and infection. All the patients had smooth defecation.

CONCLUSIONPlasma prostate electrovaporization system is an effective treatment for rectal cicatricial stenosis with tiny trauma.

Aged ; Cicatrix ; complications ; Constriction, Pathologic ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery

Anal Canal ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors related to sphincter preserving(SP) operation for lower rectal cancer.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 316 patients with lower rectal cancer 1-5 cm from the anorectal line who underwent surgical resection from Aug. 1994 to Nov. 2005 were analyzed. The whole period was divided into two period based on the introduction of TME in Jan. 1999. The SP rates, leakage between the two period were compared.

RESULTSThe SP rate increased significantly from 44.9 % in period I (Aug. 1994-Dec. 1998) to 76.2 % in period II (Jan. 1999-Nov. 2005)(P=0.000). The factors significantly influencing SP were the distance from the anorectal line, sex, period, circumference of intramural spread, histological differentiation (P< 0.05). Significant differences were detected between the two period in sex, volume of blood transfusion, Dukes' stage (P< 0.05). The rate of leakage were 2.7 % and 1.3 % in the two period (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOver 12 years, the SP rate of rectal cancers 1-5 cm from the anorectal line was significantly increased and volume of blood transfusion reduced obviously due to the introduction of TME. These surgical techniques, however, have no effect on the operating time and leakage rates.

Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo assess the advantage and disadvantage of laparoscopic abdomino-perineal resection and open abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer.

METHODSPatients with low rectal cancer, collected from July 2003 to April 2006, were randomly divided into laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection group (37 cases) and open abdominoperineal resection group (37 cases). Operation time, number of lymph node removed, intra-operative blood loss, time to pass flatus, time to ambulate, time to discharge, complications, early recurrence, and economical cost were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTSAll patients were performed successfully. For the first 10 patients, operation time of laparoscopic group was significantly longer than that of open group, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Intra-operative blood loss of laparoscopic group was significantly less than that of open group, but it was reverse for the first 10 patients. There was no significant difference in time to pass flatus between the 2 groups. Time to ambulate in laparoscopic group was significantly earlier than that in open group. There was no significant difference in time to discharge between the 2 groups, but it was earlier for perineum closure in laparoscopic group. Relative complications of laparoscopic group, including pulmonary infection, abdominal wound infection or split, were significantly less than those of open group. There was no significant difference in number of lymph nodes removed, early recurrence between the 2 groups. Operation cost of laparoscopic group was significantly higher than that of open group, but there was no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONAdvantages of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection were characterized for not only minimal invasion and good cosmetic outcome but also less blood loss, complications, and earlier postoperative recovery. The operation time, total costs and oncological clearance of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection patients were comparable with those of open procedure patients.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perineum ; surgery ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Rectum ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome