Anoxia ; Oxygen* ; Recovery Room*

BACKGROUND: It is one of anesthesiologist's important tasks to know the accurate recovery state of a patient after general anesthesia. Postanesthetic recovery score (PARS) has been widely used as a measure of evaluating recovery state because it is simple, easy to apply and applicapable to all situations. In this study, we investigated whether there were correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time, and examined factors influencing PAR-stay time. METHODS: Two hundreds and five patients were selected randomly. PARS was measured in each patient immediately after he or she arrived at PAR. Correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time were studied. And other variables such as age, sex, physical status, operation site and anesthetic time were studied as influencing factors on PAR-stay time. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time. PARS was influenced by the operation site only. And PAR-stay time was influenced by the patient's age only. CONCLUSIONS: In evaluating the postanesthetic recovery state, it seems to be important to consider not only PARS but also other factors such as patient's age.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Recovery Room*

BACKGROUND: This study was doned to evaluate the rate of awakening after desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in pediatric tonsillectomy patients. METHODS: Sixty patients, aged 5 10 years undergoing a tonsillectomy with or without an adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to receive either desflurane-N2O (group D) or isoflurane-N2O (group I). A recovery profile was assessed by a 3 point scale for the first 0, 15 and 30 min in the recovery room. RESULTS: It was statistically significant that group D had a shorter extubation time and eye opening time and a less apprehensive score than group I at 0, 15 and 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that desflurane-N2O may offer clinical advantages over isoflurane when used for maintenance of anesthesia during a pediatric tonsillectomy.
Adenoidectomy ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Recovery Room ; Tonsillectomy*

Propofol is limited in clinical use for induction of anesthesia, because of its high incidence of pain on injection. We sought to determine whether different methods could prevent this pain. 150 patients were allocated randomly into five groups. Group 1 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg. Group 2 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg mixed with 1 ml of 1%(10 mg) lidocaine. Group 3 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg just after the injection of l ml of 1%(10 mg) lidocaine. Group 4 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg mixed with 1 ml of 0.5%(5 mg) lidocaine. Group 5 was received propofol 2.5 mg/kg cooled to 0-4degrees C. The pain was classified as none, mild, moderate, or severe. All patients were questioned the degree of pain in an identical manner both at induction of anesthesia and as recalled in the recovery room. There was a significant reduction in the incidnce and severity of pain in the Groups 2 and 3, which were used 10 mg of lidocaine. But 23.3% of patients in the Group 2 and 30.0% of patients in the Group 3 still suffered unpleasant pain during the induction, and 20.0% and 26.7% of patients, respectively recalled in the recovery room. From the above results, we concluded that the pain from injection of propofol can be prevented by 1 ml of 1%(10 mg) lidocaine mixed with propofol or preinjection before propofol.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with performance of nursing care for postoperative delirium of elderly patients among recovery room nurses. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive design using questionnaires. The participants were 99 nurses from five urban recovery rooms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression with SPSS WIN 21.0. RESULTS: The performance level of delirium nursing care was low because its mean score was 3.80 out of 5. Performance of nursing care was significantly positively correlated with the importance of nursing care and self-efficacy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for performance of nursing care revealed that the most powerful predictor was the importance of nursing care. The importance of nursing care and self-efficacy explained 32.3% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to enhance the performance of nursing care for postoperative delirium of elderly patients among recovery room nurses. The findings also suggest that consideration be given to strategies for improving the importance of nursing care and self-efficacy in developing programs to enhance the performance level of nursing care for elderly patients with postoperative delirium.
Aged* ; Delirium* ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Postoperative Care ; Recovery Room*

In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the degree of hypoxemia in the early recovery period with general anesthesia. The patients were chosen in each of the following 3 groups, upper abdominal, lower abdominal and non-abdominal operations. The blood samples were taken preperatively, on arrival and 30 minutes after arrival in the recovery room. The blood gases on arrival showed significant decreases of PaO2 and increases of PaCO2 in all three groups in comparison with the preoperative gases. The blood gases at 30 minutes after arrival showed significant increases of PaO2 from the arrival data, in all three groups however there were no significant differences in Paco2. AS a result of this study, it is suggested that conservative and safe management of patients is better to provide supplement oxygen in the earlyer recovery period to all patients with general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Gases* ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Recovery Room

BACKGROUND: Postanesthetic shivering affects up to 65% of patients after general anesthesia, and it can be very distressing. Various drugs have been used to treat or prevent postanesthetic shivering, but the ideal drug has not yet been found. The aim of this study was to find the minimum dose of ketamine that would show an antishivering effect. METHODS: Ninety patients scheduled for total or subtotal thyroidectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to three groups: Patients received saline 3 cc (Group 1; n = 30), ketamine 0.5 mg/kg (Group 2; n = 30) or ketamine 1.0 mg/kg (Group 3; n = 30) at the end of surgery. The postanesthetic shivering was evaluated by an blind investigator who was "blinded" to the dose of ketamine. The grade of shivering was assessed using a five-point scale at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the arrival to the recovery room. RESULTS: The number of patients shivering on arrival to the recovery room, and at 10 minutes after the arrival of recovery room was significantly less in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (P < 0.05). However, at 20 and 30 minutes, the number of patients was not different among the groups. There was no difference within the groups that received ketamine. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ketamine was effective in preventing shivering after general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Recovery Room ; Research Personnel ; Shivering ; Thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND: The cuff pressure (CP) of the laryngeal tube airway (LTA) increases during general anesthesia using nitrous oxide. However, there have been few studies on the relationship between CP and postoperative sore throat (POST). This study evaluated the efficacy of the CP on a POST on the recovery time and postoperative day. METHODS: Forty patients were divided into two groups, group M (n = 20) and group I (n = 20). In all patients, the CP was set to 65 cmH2O at the induction of anesthesia. In group M, the CP was maintained at 60-70 cmH2O during general anesthesia using N2O. However, in group I, the CP was allowed to increase. The CP was measured every 10 minutes during surgery in the two groups. The frequency and intensity (numerical rating scale of 0-100, NRS-101) of the sore throat was measured at recovery room (RR) and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the CP in group I during general anesthesia and the CP was higher in group I than in group M (P < 0.05). The frequency of POST was higher in group I at RR (10% vs 70%) and POD1 (0% vs 35%) than in group M. In addition, the NRS-101 was higher in group I at RR and POD1 than in group M (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CP of the LTA needs to be monitored and controlled during surgery in order to reduce POST.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Humans ; Nitrous Oxide ; Pharyngitis* ; Recovery Room

To investigate the effect of deep breathing and encouraged coughing on the arterial oxygenation in patients following upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, 80 patients were chosen and divided into 4 groups according to the therapy modalities given during the recovery mom care ; group 1: spontaneous recovery, group 2: oxygen, group 3: cough with deep breathing, and group 4: oxygen plus cough with deep breathing. Oxygen saturation (SpO2 by pulse oximeter) was monitored before anesthesia (control) and over a 24 hour period after operation. S values decreased on arrival in the recovery room after anesthesia in all groups (p<0.05). As patients awakened from anesthesia in the recovery room, SpO2 values were progressively increased to near preanesthetic values in the non-oxygen groups (Group 1, 3) and increased even above preanesthtic values in the oxygen groups (Group 2, 4) SpO2 values at 24-hours after operation were 97.0% in Group 1, 96.9% in Group 2, 97.8% in Group 3, and 97.5% in GRoup 4; therefore Group 3 had the highest value of SpO2 (p<0.05), In conclusion, deep breathing with cough encouragement in the recovery room seemed to be associated with better oxygenation 24 hours postanesthetically than supplemental oxygen or natural recovery groups.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Cough* ; Humans ; Oxygen* ; Recovery Room ; Respiration*

This is a preliminary report on a method of evaluating recovery from general anesthesia with fifty-four randomly selected anesthetized patients in the Hanyang Medical Center. This method is usefull not only for the reduction of post-anesthetic complications in the recovery room, but is also an excellent training program for residents, interns and nurses in recovery room duties. It is a simple, direct, self-performance, objective test with pencil and paper to measure recovery from general anesthesia. Since this test measures sensory and paychomotor performances, it is valuable as a critical determinant of recovery from anesthesia. Even though this method has several variables dependent upon individual operator skill and tenhicque with regard to surgical procedures and medications administered, it provides an excellent measure of recovery from clinical general anesthesia and may also serve as a medicolegal record for one-day surgical out-patients.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Education ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Recovery Room