Anoxia ; Oxygen* ; Recovery Room*

BACKGROUND: It is one of anesthesiologist's important tasks to know the accurate recovery state of a patient after general anesthesia. Postanesthetic recovery score (PARS) has been widely used as a measure of evaluating recovery state because it is simple, easy to apply and applicapable to all situations. In this study, we investigated whether there were correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time, and examined factors influencing PAR-stay time. METHODS: Two hundreds and five patients were selected randomly. PARS was measured in each patient immediately after he or she arrived at PAR. Correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time were studied. And other variables such as age, sex, physical status, operation site and anesthetic time were studied as influencing factors on PAR-stay time. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time. PARS was influenced by the operation site only. And PAR-stay time was influenced by the patient's age only. CONCLUSIONS: In evaluating the postanesthetic recovery state, it seems to be important to consider not only PARS but also other factors such as patient's age.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Recovery Room*

BACKGROUND: This study was doned to evaluate the rate of awakening after desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in pediatric tonsillectomy patients. METHODS: Sixty patients, aged 5 10 years undergoing a tonsillectomy with or without an adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to receive either desflurane-N2O (group D) or isoflurane-N2O (group I). A recovery profile was assessed by a 3 point scale for the first 0, 15 and 30 min in the recovery room. RESULTS: It was statistically significant that group D had a shorter extubation time and eye opening time and a less apprehensive score than group I at 0, 15 and 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that desflurane-N2O may offer clinical advantages over isoflurane when used for maintenance of anesthesia during a pediatric tonsillectomy.
Adenoidectomy ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Recovery Room ; Tonsillectomy*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the effects of simulation-based training on knowledge, self-efficacy and clinical performance, underwent before or after the clinical practice for the nursing students. METHOD: A comparison group design was established with pre-clinical practice group (n=34) and post-clinical practice group (n=34). Both groups participated in simulation-based training before or after the clinical practice at the recovery room. Chi-square test, t-test and paired t-test were performed to analyze the data. RESULTS: Both groups showed significantly higher post-test scores in knowledge and self-efficacy than pre-test scores (p<.001). The group with simulation training performed before their clinical practice (pre-clinical practice group) showed significantly higher self-efficacy (p=.044) than the group with simulation training done after their clinical practice (post-clinical practice group). However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge (p=.922) and clinical performance (p=.887). CONCLUSION: These findings of the study suggest that simulation based training in pre-clinical practice is effective to enhance the self-efficacy and to improve knowledge and clinical performance of the nursing students.
Education ; Humans ; Patient Simulation ; Recovery Room ; Students, Nursing*

BACKGROUND: The pain caused by injection of propofol is known to be related to the concentration of aqueous free propofol. Microemulsion propofol can cause a serious pain because it has 7 times higher concentration of aqueous free propofol. We used ondansetron, lidocaine, ondansetron lidocaine as pretreatment to compare the effect for injection pain of microemulsion propofol. METHODS: 75 patients, ASA physical status I or II were enrolled. We randomly allocated into Group L (n = 25) received 2% lidocaine 40 mg, group O (n = 25) received ondansetron 4 mg and group M (n = 25) received ondansetron 4 mg plus 2% lidocaine 40 mg as pretreatment. After instituting standard monitoring, the venous drainage was occluded using a pneumatic tourniquet at 25 cm proximal to venous line. The patients were pretreated over a period of 15 seconds with one of the pretreatment drug. After releasing the tourniquet, microemulsion propofol was injected. We asked the patient about degree of injection pain until loss of consciousness, by using 0-100 point pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS). In the recovery room, we asked the patient whether they recall injection pain. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the group L and the group M compared with group O on PI-NRS (P < 0.05). The incidence of injection pain was significantly lower in group L and group M than group O. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of lidocaine and lidocaine + ondansetron is more effective than ondansetron alone for reducing pain on injection of microemulsion propofol.
Drainage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Ondansetron ; Propofol ; Recovery Room ; Tourniquets ; Unconsciousness

BACKGROUND: The operating room should provide an optimum environment that is safe for the patient and the working personnel. In this point of view, we investigated 8 items of temperature, humidity, air flow, noise, brightness, dust, CO2 and NO2. METHODS: Operating rooms, corridors and recovery rooms were tied as region I, II and III depending on their characteristics. 29 points were measured using appropriate instruments. After that, averaged values were calculated. RESULTS: Indoor climate (temperature, humidity and air flow) in region I were averaged 24.7, 65, 0.18/II were 25.5, 68, 0.18/III were 22.3 (degrees C), 56 (%), 0.22 (m/sec). Physcial condition (noise, brightness and dust) in region I were averaged 63, 295, 63/II were 67, 138, 87/III were 63 (db), 139 (lux), 26 (microgram/m3). Harmful gas (CO2 and NO2) concentration in region I were averaged 1152, 0.008/II were 913, 0.009/III were 1367 (ppm), 0.013 (ppm). CONCLUSIONS: Temperatures were appropriate but humidities were high except partial points. Air flow showed low values in average. Values of noise, dust and CO2 were relatively high. NO2 was low but brightness was variable. These mean that adequate improvement for quiet condition and air ventilation should be considered.
Climate ; Dust ; Humans ; Humidity ; Noise ; Operating Rooms* ; Recovery Room ; Ventilation

In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the degree of hypoxemia in the early recovery period with general anesthesia. The patients were chosen in each of the following 3 groups, upper abdominal, lower abdominal and non-abdominal operations. The blood samples were taken preperatively, on arrival and 30 minutes after arrival in the recovery room. The blood gases on arrival showed significant decreases of PaO2 and increases of PaCO2 in all three groups in comparison with the preoperative gases. The blood gases at 30 minutes after arrival showed significant increases of PaO2 from the arrival data, in all three groups however there were no significant differences in Paco2. AS a result of this study, it is suggested that conservative and safe management of patients is better to provide supplement oxygen in the earlyer recovery period to all patients with general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Gases* ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Recovery Room

Propofol is limited in clinical use for induction of anesthesia, because of its high incidence of pain on injection. We sought to determine whether different methods could prevent this pain. 150 patients were allocated randomly into five groups. Group 1 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg. Group 2 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg mixed with 1 ml of 1%(10 mg) lidocaine. Group 3 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg just after the injection of l ml of 1%(10 mg) lidocaine. Group 4 was received room-air temperature propofol 2.5 mg/kg mixed with 1 ml of 0.5%(5 mg) lidocaine. Group 5 was received propofol 2.5 mg/kg cooled to 0-4degrees C. The pain was classified as none, mild, moderate, or severe. All patients were questioned the degree of pain in an identical manner both at induction of anesthesia and as recalled in the recovery room. There was a significant reduction in the incidnce and severity of pain in the Groups 2 and 3, which were used 10 mg of lidocaine. But 23.3% of patients in the Group 2 and 30.0% of patients in the Group 3 still suffered unpleasant pain during the induction, and 20.0% and 26.7% of patients, respectively recalled in the recovery room. From the above results, we concluded that the pain from injection of propofol can be prevented by 1 ml of 1%(10 mg) lidocaine mixed with propofol or preinjection before propofol.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room

PURPOSE: To find the effects of semi-Fowler's position on the post-operative recovery for patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery in recovery room. METHOD: The research was performed by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. The subjects are forty patients who had laparoscopic abdominal surgery in a hospital from Aug. thru Nov. of 2003. Post-recovery scores and O2 saturation degree were measured. The experimental group was place in semi fowler's position while the control group was placed in supine position. The homogeneity between the control group and experimental group was analyzed using the Chi-square, and the hypothesis were tested using t-test. RESULT: 1. The patients in the experimental group placed in semi fowler's position showed significant higher post-recovery scores than those in the control group who were in a supine position. 2. The patients in the experimental group who were in semi Fowler's position showed no significant higher O2 saturation degree than those in the control group who were in supine position. CONCLUSION: Based on the results described above, it is considered that the semi-Fowler's position might be effective in enhancing the post-operative recovery score of the patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgery in recovery room.
Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Postoperative Care ; Recovery Room* ; Supine Position

PURPOSE: This study aims at confirming the effects of the chest meridian massage on the post-anesthetic recovery of general anesthesia appendectomy patients. METHOD: The research was post-test designed as a nonequivalent control group among quasi-experiments tested. The data was collected from June 20, 2003 to October 14, 2003 at a hospital in P city. In the collected data, using SPSS Win 10.0 program, these general features were analyzed by real numbers and percentages; the homogeneity among variables by chi2-test and t-test and the research hypothesis by the t-test. RESULT: Hypothesis 1; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much higher post-anesthetic recovery score than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=2.544, p=.014). Hypothesis 2; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much shorter time of stay in the recovery room than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=-4.919, p=.000). CONCLUSION: According to these results, it may be concluded that Chest Meridian Massage is effective in producing a higher level of post-anesthetic recovery score and helps appendectomy patients reduce the time of stay in the recovery room. Therefore the chest meridian massage can be considered as an intervention therapy for directly nursing general anesthesia appendectomy patients.
Anesthesia, General* ; Appendectomy ; Humans ; Massage* ; Nursing ; Recovery Room ; Thorax*