Anoxia ; Oxygen* ; Recovery Room*

BACKGROUND: It is one of anesthesiologist's important tasks to know the accurate recovery state of a patient after general anesthesia. Postanesthetic recovery score (PARS) has been widely used as a measure of evaluating recovery state because it is simple, easy to apply and applicapable to all situations. In this study, we investigated whether there were correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time, and examined factors influencing PAR-stay time. METHODS: Two hundreds and five patients were selected randomly. PARS was measured in each patient immediately after he or she arrived at PAR. Correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time were studied. And other variables such as age, sex, physical status, operation site and anesthetic time were studied as influencing factors on PAR-stay time. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between PARS and PAR-stay time. PARS was influenced by the operation site only. And PAR-stay time was influenced by the patient's age only. CONCLUSIONS: In evaluating the postanesthetic recovery state, it seems to be important to consider not only PARS but also other factors such as patient's age.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Recovery Room*

BACKGROUND: This study was doned to evaluate the rate of awakening after desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in pediatric tonsillectomy patients. METHODS: Sixty patients, aged 5 10 years undergoing a tonsillectomy with or without an adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to receive either desflurane-N2O (group D) or isoflurane-N2O (group I). A recovery profile was assessed by a 3 point scale for the first 0, 15 and 30 min in the recovery room. RESULTS: It was statistically significant that group D had a shorter extubation time and eye opening time and a less apprehensive score than group I at 0, 15 and 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that desflurane-N2O may offer clinical advantages over isoflurane when used for maintenance of anesthesia during a pediatric tonsillectomy.
Adenoidectomy ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Recovery Room ; Tonsillectomy*

This is a preliminary report on a method of evaluating recovery from general anesthesia with fifty-four randomly selected anesthetized patients in the Hanyang Medical Center. This method is usefull not only for the reduction of post-anesthetic complications in the recovery room, but is also an excellent training program for residents, interns and nurses in recovery room duties. It is a simple, direct, self-performance, objective test with pencil and paper to measure recovery from general anesthesia. Since this test measures sensory and paychomotor performances, it is valuable as a critical determinant of recovery from anesthesia. Even though this method has several variables dependent upon individual operator skill and tenhicque with regard to surgical procedures and medications administered, it provides an excellent measure of recovery from clinical general anesthesia and may also serve as a medicolegal record for one-day surgical out-patients.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Education ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Recovery Room

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane is commonly used anesthetics for pediatric surgical patients. Emergence delirium is more frequent when recovering from sevoflurane anesthesia than other anesthetics. In this study, we evaluated the effect of remifentanil to reduce emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. METHODS: Children (3-7 yrs) were randomly assigned to three groups: sevoflurane with normal saline in group N (0.06 ml/kg/ hr), sevoflurane with remifentanil (0.1microgram/kg/min) in group R, and sevoflurane with remifentanil (0.1microgram/kg/min) and remifentanil (0.05microgram/kg/min) till the recovery room in group RC. Time to extubation, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAEDS), Objective Pain Scale (OPS), Modified Aldrete Score (MAS), and postoperative side effects in the recovery room were compared among three groups. RESULTS: Time to extubation (N; 9.3 +/- 3.5, R; 12.2 +/- 6.4, RC; 12.7 +/- 5.3 min) in R and RC group was prolonged compared with N group (P < 0.05). There were no differences among three groups in MAS. OPS has variable differences among the groups (P < 0.05). PAEDS was significantly reduced in RC group compare with R and N group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil did not reduce the incidence of emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric tonsillectomy. Emergence delirium after sevoflurane anesthesia was reduced by remifentanil infusion till the recovery room.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Child ; Delirium* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pediatrics ; Recovery Room ; Tonsillectomy

Two cases of subdural tension pneumocephalus were introduced after posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position. The possible mechanism for entry of air into the subdural space is explained as the fluid pours out air bubbles to the top of the container. All of two cases manifested generalized seizure at recovery room and were diagnosed with plain skull series and computed tomogram. Subdural air evacuated patient fail to recover as expected, following posterior fossa surgery in sitting position.
Humans ; Pneumocephalus* ; Recovery Room ; Seizures ; Skull ; Subdural Space

A postanesthetic recovery score to provide objective information on the phsical condition of patients arriving in the recovery room after anesthesia. The status of the patients was judged after arriving in the recovery room and every 30minutes thereafter, until their discharge to the ward or Intensive Care Unit. To study this method, 324 patients were selected at random to include as many variants of anesthesia as possible. The patients were transported to the recovery room within 10 minutes of the completion of the anesthesia; Once there, the first score was made by the anesthesiologist. Thereafter, the evaluation was made by the same anesthesiologist. Depending on the length of stay in recovery room, this evaluation was repeated 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the patients arrival. The various signs were evaluated. The independent variables such as age, sex, physical status, anesthetic agents or technics, type of surgery, use of muscle relaxants, duration of anesthesia were correlated with the proportional number of patients receiving top or safe score 10, 9 or 8, and those given 7 or less, which were considered low or dangerous.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Recovery Room*

For the evaluation of the correlation between the ETCO2 and the PaCO2 in post-extubated spontaneously breathing patients, we tested 30 patients in recovery room with Salter Divided Nasal Cannula, which have permanent bamer in the face piece and a dual tubing set that allows end tidal sampling from one nare and oxygen delivery to the other. When the wave form of capnogram looked regular and normal, the value of ETCO2 was recorded and the arterial blood was taken from the radial artery to analize blood gas immediately. The results were as following; 1. The mean value of PaCO2 was 42.0+/-4.8 mmHg. 2. The mean value of P(ET)CO2 was 39.3+/-5.1 mmHg. 3. The value of P(ET)CO2 acquired with Salter Divided Nasal Cannula hase close positive correlation with the values of the PaCO2. (PaCO2=0.75 x P(ET)CO2+/-12.64, r=0.79, p<0.001)
Catheters* ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Radial Artery ; Recovery Room ; Respiration*

BACKGROUND: The cuff pressure (CP) of the laryngeal tube airway (LTA) increases during general anesthesia using nitrous oxide. However, there have been few studies on the relationship between CP and postoperative sore throat (POST). This study evaluated the efficacy of the CP on a POST on the recovery time and postoperative day. METHODS: Forty patients were divided into two groups, group M (n = 20) and group I (n = 20). In all patients, the CP was set to 65 cmH2O at the induction of anesthesia. In group M, the CP was maintained at 60-70 cmH2O during general anesthesia using N2O. However, in group I, the CP was allowed to increase. The CP was measured every 10 minutes during surgery in the two groups. The frequency and intensity (numerical rating scale of 0-100, NRS-101) of the sore throat was measured at recovery room (RR) and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the CP in group I during general anesthesia and the CP was higher in group I than in group M (P < 0.05). The frequency of POST was higher in group I at RR (10% vs 70%) and POD1 (0% vs 35%) than in group M. In addition, the NRS-101 was higher in group I at RR and POD1 than in group M (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CP of the LTA needs to be monitored and controlled during surgery in order to reduce POST.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Humans ; Nitrous Oxide ; Pharyngitis* ; Recovery Room

To investigate the effect of deep breathing and encouraged coughing on the arterial oxygenation in patients following upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, 80 patients were chosen and divided into 4 groups according to the therapy modalities given during the recovery mom care ; group 1: spontaneous recovery, group 2: oxygen, group 3: cough with deep breathing, and group 4: oxygen plus cough with deep breathing. Oxygen saturation (SpO2 by pulse oximeter) was monitored before anesthesia (control) and over a 24 hour period after operation. S values decreased on arrival in the recovery room after anesthesia in all groups (p<0.05). As patients awakened from anesthesia in the recovery room, SpO2 values were progressively increased to near preanesthetic values in the non-oxygen groups (Group 1, 3) and increased even above preanesthtic values in the oxygen groups (Group 2, 4) SpO2 values at 24-hours after operation were 97.0% in Group 1, 96.9% in Group 2, 97.8% in Group 3, and 97.5% in GRoup 4; therefore Group 3 had the highest value of SpO2 (p<0.05), In conclusion, deep breathing with cough encouragement in the recovery room seemed to be associated with better oxygenation 24 hours postanesthetically than supplemental oxygen or natural recovery groups.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Cough* ; Humans ; Oxygen* ; Recovery Room ; Respiration*