BACKGROUNDLung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world and one of the leading cancers that result in death. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of the serum tumor marker pro-gastrin-releasing peptide 31-98 (ProGRP31-98) to pathological diagnosis as reference standard in patients with suspected small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

METHODSLiterature searches covering 1978 through to 2009 were performed in Pubmed, OVID, MEDLINE, EMbase, Cancerlit, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and CBM using the key search words; 'small cell lung cancer', 'tumor marker', 'ProGRP31-98' and 'diagnostic tests', 'ELISA', 'EIA' and 'diagnostic accuracy'. Studies were collected and data analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum ProGRP31-98 levels for the diagnosis of SCLC compared with pathology. Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis were based on criteria for diagnostic research published by the Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Tests

METHODSGroup (SDTMG). The characteristics of the included articles were appraised and the data were extracted from the original articles for further statistical analysis of study heterogeneity using Review Manager 4.2 software. Based on study heterogeneity analysis, a suitable 'effect' model was selected to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity by meta-analysis. A Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were generated and sensitivity analysis conducted.

RESULTSA total of 22 articles were entered into this meta-review, including 11 English articles with a quality at level C. In total, the studies involved 6759 subjects, of which 1470 were diagnosed with SCLC by pathology, and 5289 subjects diagnosed with non-SCLC (NSCLC). The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among studies was high (P = 0.00001, I(2) = 86.8%). With ELISA, the pooled sensitivity was 0.72 (0.70 to 0.75 at 95%CI) and the pooled specificity was 0.93 (0.92 to 0.94 at 95%CI); the SROC and the AUC were 0.8817. These data suggest that ProGRP31-98 has a relatively high rate of missed diagnosis (28%), but a relatively low rate of misdiagnosis (7%).

CONCLUSIONFrom meta-analysis, we concluded that serum ProGRP31-98 is a valuable marker with a high specificity for diagnosis of SCLC with a similar diagnostic accuracy to pathology.

Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins ; blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; blood ; diagnosis

The term "blood substitutes" includes plasma substitutes and blood cell substitutes in the broad sense, but in its narrow sense, it means red blood cell (RBC) substitutes, platelet substitutes and white blood cell (WBC) substitutes. The RBC substitutes includes perfluorocarbon, hemoglobin-based and encapsuled substitutes. The hemoglobin-based substitutes which was widely researched in the world includes human hemoglobin-based, animal hemoglobin-based and gene recombined hemoglobin based substitutes. The function and immunology of WBC is very complicated, so it is rarely used in clinic. Nowadays the platelet substitutes pursued by the researches and developments includes mainly the liposome and collagenic fiber species substitutes.
Blood Substitutes ; chemical synthesis ; Fluorocarbons ; chemistry ; Hemoglobins ; chemistry ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; chemistry ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on short-term response of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in patients with newly diagnosed acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA).

METHODSThe clinical data of forty adult acquired SAA patients, who treated with IST combined with rhTPO, were retrospective analyzed and the hematologic recovery were compared with patients by the IST alone during the same period. The factors affecting the short-term response were also analyzed.

RESULTSAt 3 months after IST, both the total response rate and CR+GPR rate in rhTPO group were much higher than those in control group (75.0% vs 50.0%, P=0.022; and 17.5% vs 2.5%, P=0.025). At 6 months after IST, there was no difference of total hematologic response rate in rhTPO group and control group (77.5% vs 57.5%, P=0.058), while the CR+GPR rate was still higher in rhTPO group (45.0% vs 22.5%, P=0.033). The median time of platelet transfusion independence was much shorter in rhTPO group [33(0-90) vs 53(0-75) d, P=0.019]. Patients in rhTPO group needed less platelets transfusion support. The median platelet count in rhTPO group was 29(4-95)×10⁹/L at 3 months after IST, which was much higher than that in control group [29(4-95)×10⁹/L, P=0.006]. There was no significant difference regarding overall survival between the two groups (100.0% vs 91.0%, P=0.276).

CONCLUSIONrhTPO is effective in promoting platelet recovery and improving the hematopoietic response for SAA patients with IST.

Anemia, Aplastic ; Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Transfusion ; Recombinant Proteins ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombopoietin

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antithrombotic effects of recombinant hirudin and its mechanism. METHODS: Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 group (=10):control group, model group, aspirin (25 mg/kg) group, recombinant hirudinlow, middle and high dose (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg) groups.Except mice in control group, 2.5 mg/kg carrageenan was injected intraperitoneallyto mice in the other groups to produce thrombosis on the mice tail. The mice in aspirin group were administrated intraperitoneally 25 mg/kg aspirin, the mice in recombinant hirudinlow, middle and high dose groups were administrated intraperitoneally 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg combinanthirudin, the mice in control group and model group were administrated intraperitoneallynormal saline at the same volume respectively at 24 h, 0.5 h before injecting carrageenan and 24 h after injecting carrageenan. The black tail length of mice and the incidence of black tail were observed at 48h after injection of carrageenan; prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), 6-keto-PGF1α, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) level in mice plasma were determined. RESULTS: As compared with control group, the mice in model group presented tail thrombosis; PT level in plasma was significantly shortened (<0.01), PAI-1 and TXB2levels in plasma were significantly increased (<0.01), while the t-PA and 6-keto-PGF1α levels in plasma in model group were significantly decreased (<0.01). As compared with model group, the thrombus length in the tail was significantly shortened (<0.05, <0.01), PT level was obviously prolonged (<0.01), and the plasma levels of PAI-1 and TXB2 were significantly decreased (<0.01), while the plasma levels of t-PA and 6-keto-PGF1α were significantly increased (<0.01)in the mice of recombinant hirudin low dose, middle dose, high dose groups and aspirin group. As compared with aspirin group, the thrombus length in the tail was significantly increased (<0.05), PT level was obviously shortened (<0.01), and the plasma levels of PAI-1 and TXB2 were significantly increased (<0.01)in the mice of recombinant hirudin low dose group; the plasma level of 6-keto-PGF1α was significantly decreased (<0.01, <0.05) in the mice of recombinant hirudin low dose and middle dose groups; the plasma levels of PAI-1 and TXB2 were significantly increased (<0.01, <0.05)in the mice of recombinant hirudin middle dose group. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant hirudin can fight against thrombosis, its antithrombotic mechanisms may be related to its influence on the exogenous coagulation system and the promotion of fibrinolysis function.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Hirudins ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Recombinant Proteins ; Thromboxane B2 ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of artificial liver treatment with double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS) mode and traditional plasma exchange (PE) mode on platelets in patients, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of recombinent human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in the treatment of thrombocytopenia. METHODS: A total of fifteen patients undergoing artificial liver with DPMAS model admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2018 to November 2020 were selected and included in the DPMAS group, and another 15 patients receiving PE were selected and included in the PE group. The improvement of clinical symptoms, such as fatigue, jaundice, oliguria, edema, etc. before and after artificial liver treatment was compared between the two groups, and the trend of blood routine (especially platelet), coagulation function and other indexes before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The use of rhTPO and the number of platelets were recorded during treatment. RESULTS: The improvement rate of clinical symptoms in DPMAS group was 86.67%, which was higher than that in PE group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the outcome of the two groups within 90 days (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in white blood cell (WBC) and hemoglobin (HB) between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). However, the level of platelet(PLT) in DPMAS group was significantly lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05), and was significantly lower than that in PE group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the international normalized ratio (INR) level in PE group was significantly improved (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the INR level in DPMAS group (P>0.05). The patients in the DPMAS group received an average of (8.2±3.1) doses of rhTPO and (1.5±0.3) IU of platelet transfusions during hospitalization. In DMPAS group, platelets increased significantly after infusion of terbium. CONCLUSION Compared with PE mode, the artificial liver with DPMAS mode can reduce platelet levels in patients, but the application of rhTPO can stimulate platelet regeneration and increase platelet levels in the patients, thereby reducing the risk of bleeding due to platelet hypoplasia.
Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Liver, Artificial ; Plasma Exchange ; Recombinant Proteins ; Thrombocytopenia/therapy* ; Thrombopoietin

OBJECTIVETo construct and identify blood type B antigen mimetic polypeptide-macrophage inflammatory protein 3beta (Mip3beta) double expression recombinant plasmid.

METHODSThe positive phage clone P1 was obtained using phage random 12-mer peptide library. Specific primers were designed to amplify the phage DNA of P1 and transmembrane domain and inner segment of PBluscript-Fas gene. The products of the amplification were linked into Mip3betav21 to construct blood type B antigen mimetic polypeptide-Mip3beta double expression recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into human melanoma cell line B16 to identify its expression.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONBlood type B antigen mimetic polypeptide-Mip3beta double expression recombinant plasmid is successfully obtained and expressed in human melanoma cell line B16.

Blood Group Antigens ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Peptides ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics

The problems of blood shortage and the virus infection risk of blood transfusion have promoted the study of blood substitutes. Modified hemoglobin has become the focus of the challenges research because of its excellent oxygen carrying ability. To overcome the toxicity effect on direct use of purified native hemoglobin, various modification technologies have been developed, including diaspirin cross-linking, glutaraldehyde polymerization, O-raffinose polymerization, polyethylene glycol conjugation, liposome encapsulation and biodegradable polymer encapsulation. Some of the products have been in clinical trials, and one of the products has been approved in a country for clinical use. Research on red blood cell substitutes in China has also developed fast. This paper provides an overview of the history and current status in development of different hemoglobin-based red blood cell substitutes, especially the problems encountered, the challenges faced, and the prospects in future.
Animals ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Blood Substitutes ; Blood Transfusion ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Hemoglobins ; chemistry ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone on serum lipid in aged male patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODSEighty seven patients with chronic heart failure(> or = 60 years old) were randomly divided into 2 groups: the CHF control group (n = 46) who received regular therapy and the CHF experimental group (n = 41) who received regular therapy and recombinant human growth hormone. The treatment would be continued for 3 months. Another group was normal control group (n = 10). The detection of serum growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was carried out before and after treatment in the participants.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the levels of GH and IGF-1 were not significantly different among groups. After treatment, the levels of GH (0.71 +/- 0.34 vs 0.96 +/- 0.48) and IGF-1 (95.64 +/- 21.11 vs 111.64 +/- 23.14)in CHF experimental group were higher than those before the treatment. In CHF control group, the levels of GH(0.81 +/- 0.32 vs 0.79 +/- 0.29) and IGF-1 (97.82 +/- 19.74 vs 99.65 +/- 20.11) had no significant change after the treatment. After treatment, the levels of GH (0.96 +/- 0.48 vs 0.79 +/- 0.29) and IGF-1 (111.64 +/- 23.14 vs 99.65 +/- 20.11) in CHF experimental group were higher compared with that of CHF control group. Before treatment, the serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TC and TG had no significant difference among groups. After treatment,the levels of LDL-C (2.11 +/- 0.82 vs 1.76 +/- 0.51) and TC (3.78 +/- 1.34 vs 3.21 +/- 1.17) in CHF experimental group were lower than those before the treatment. However, the levels of HDL-C (1.10 +/- 0.31 vs 0.99 +/- 0.28)and TG (1. 89 +/- 1.07 vs 1.66 +/- 0.95) had no significant change after the treatment compared with before treatment. In CHF control group, the serum lipid levels had no significant change after the treatment.

CONCLUSIONAs the treatment of rhGH for aged male patients with chronic heart failure, GH influences lipid metabolism, which reduces the level of LDL-C, TC. However GH has no effects on the serum HDL-C and TG level. With the treatment of rhGH for long-term, lipid metabolism should be paid attention,and the treatment for blood lipid reduction should be adjusted in time.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Heart Failure ; blood ; therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

Animals ; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase ; therapeutic use ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; blood ; therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Blood products are those biologicals derived from plasma or obtained by recombinant technologies. This overview covers the characteristics and classification of plasma proteins, the current status of products (albumin, immunoglobulins, coagulation factors and microcontent proteins), as well as the likely trends in the near future. Human serum albumin is one of the earliest, safest and most widely used proteins in the pharmaceutical field. The approval and development of high-purity plasma albumin, recombinant human albumin and HSA fusion proteins provide a favorable prospect for the therapeutic protein. Normal immunoglobulin contains antibodies to all the micro-organisms prevalent in the donor population. The IMIG is relatively simple to prepare and use, and the side effects are acceptable; IVIG is used mainly to treat patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes; SCIG preparations can be used in selecting suitable patients for home therapy and have occurred fewer adverse systemic reactions; specific immunoglobulins contain concentrations of antibody to an individual organism or toxin at a higher titer than normal immunoglobulin and can not be replaced in clinical use. The plasma-derived or recombinant coagulation factors are used to treat the patients with congenital or acquired factor deficiency. The products such as Fibrinogen, FVII, FVIII, von Willebrand complex, FIX/PCC, FXI, FXIII and so on, have been widely used and proved to be effective. The development of recombinant FVIIa is now as a good bypassing product to haemophilia with inhibitors. The Fibrinogen and thrombin play a very important role in surgery hemostasis. Moreover, microcontent proteins including protein C, antithrombin, alpha 1-AT, tPA have been licensed and used in clinical treatment; a number of other small field proteins are under produced research or pre-clinical investment. The ongoing development of new recombinant plasma proteins is providing alternatives for patients, but the distinct position and the potential impact of plasma-derived preparations are unique, furthermore the development of new plasma protein is still a hot spot in global pharmaceutics. Nowadays, a relative difference exists in the development of blood products between our nation and developed countries, so the domestic manufacturers are faced with chances and challenges.
Biological Factors ; therapeutic use ; Blood ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; therapeutic use ; Blood Proteins ; therapeutic use ; China ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Serum Albumin ; therapeutic use