No abstract available.
Glioma* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin*

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To study the clinical significance of serum protein expression level in patients with megaloblastic anemia(MA).

<b>METHODSb>A total of 47 patients with MA were enrolled in this study between November 2013 and November 2015, and 50 healthy people in the same period were selected as controls. The levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), ferritin (FER), transferrin (TRF) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were compared between 2 groups, and the serum protein expression levels in different types of MA, varous anemia degrees of MA were analyzed.

<b>RESULTSb>The leves of TP, Alb and FER in MA patients were significantly lower than those in control group, the levels of TRF and sTfR were statistically significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05); the levels of TP, Alb and FER in the patients with mild anemia were significantly higher than those in the patients with moderate and severe anemia, the levels of TRF and sTfR were statistically significantly lower(P<0.05), while the levels of TP, Alb and FER in patients with moderate anemia were significantly higher than those in the patients with severe anemia, the levels of TRF and sTfR were significantly lower(P<0.05). Compared with levels before treatment, the levels of TP, Alb and FER significantly increased after treatment, while the TRF and sTfR levels significantly decreased (P<0.05).

<b>CONCLUSIONb>Serum levels of TP, Alb, FER, TRF and sTfR can provide a basis for the diagnosis of MA, and contribute to predict the disease to some extent.

Iron metabolism is the process of absorption, transport, storage and conversion and excretion of the essential trace element iron in living organisms. Normal iron metabolism tightly regulates iron content at the systemic and cellular levels through a variety of related proteins to prevent excessive free radicals from being generated during the iron cycle that can damage the body. Various abnormalities in iron metabolism are found in a variety of lymphohaematopoietic tumours and an insidious link between iron metabolism and tumour development has been revealed. Serum ferritin levels and abnormalities of iron transport proteins, transferrin and their receptors can be used as prognostic indicators for lymphohematopoietic tumours and have opened up new directions of diagnosis and treatment, with a large number of novel drugs targeting tumours emerging to date. This article briefly describes the normal iron metabolism process and highlights the progress of research on abnormal iron metabolism in lymphohematopoietic tumors at the systemic and cellular levels.
Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism* ; Neoplasms ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism* ; Transferrin/metabolism*

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic efficiency of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) was investigated to detect iron deficiency among old patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: Twenty five patients with uncomplicated IDA [mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fL, ferritin <23.8 g/L, group I], 21 patients with atypical anemia [MCV <80 fL, ferritin > or =23.8 g/L, group II, n=5 ; MCV > or =80 fL, ferritin <23.8 g/L, group III, n=16], 85 patients with anemia of chronic renal failure [MCV > or =80 fL, ferritin > or =23.8 g/L, group IV], and 20 normal controls were included in the study. The levels of sTfR, hemoglobin (Hb), MCV, serum ferritin, serum iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), c-reactive protein (CRP) and calculated transferrin saturation (% sat) of each group were compared. The correlations between iron parameters and the sTfR levels were investigated in each group. RESULTS: The mean values of sTfR were significantly higher in group I (5.3+/-3.5 mg/L), group II, (2.6+/-1.1 mg/L) and group III (2.0+/-0.9 mg/L) than in normal controls (1.2+/-0.3 mg/L) and group IV (1.2+/-0.7 mg/L). The proportion of patients with sTfR level higher than the upper normal limit (1.74 mg/L) was 37.4% (100% of group I, 80% of group II, 56% of group III, and 13% of group IV), and that with ferritin level lower than 23.8 g/L was 31.3% (41/131). The proportion of patients with normal sTfR and decreased ferritin was 5.3% (7/131) and that with normal ferritin and increased sTfR was 11.5% (15/131) A good correlation (r>0.800) was observed between Fe and % sat in all patients, microcytic anemic patients, and patients with anemia of CRF; between ferritin and CRP in microcytic anemia patients (r=0.800); and between serum iron and MCV in all patients (r=0.615). A good inverse correlation was observed between ferritin and TIBC (r=-0.649) and between CRP and TIBC (r=-0.614) in microcytic anemic patients only. CONCLUSIONS: Because the sTfR level was significantly higher in microcytic anemic patients and anemic patients with a relatively low ferritin than in anemic patients of CRF and normal controls, especially in more advanced IDA, and because the sTfR detected more IDA patients than ferritin did, thesTfR is the most useful marker expressing functional iron deficiency without being affected by CRP.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; C-Reactive Protein ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin

BACKGROUND: Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) level reflects iron status and the rate of erythropoiesis in bone marrow. Iron deficiency still remains one of the most common nutrient deficiency disorders among infants and young children. The purpose of this study is to investigate age-related changes in sTfR level and determine the prevalence of iron deficiency in healthy infant and young children. And we also defined the correlation between iron parameters and sTfR level. METHODS: A total 151 healthy infants and young children aged 4 to 24 months who had been visited Inha University Hospital for vaccination was investigated for the evidence of iron deficiency. The children were divided into 3 groups according to developmental age, i.e., infants aged 4 to 6 months (n=53), infants aged 7 to 12 months (n=37), and children aged 13 to 24 months (n=61). CBC, iron parameters, and sTfR were tested and analyzed. Serum transferrin receptor was assayed by using IDeATMsTfR IEMA (soluble transferrin receptor immunoenzymometic assay, Orion Diagnostica, Orion Co, Finland) test kits. RESULTS: The prevalence of iron deficiency was 26.0% in infants aged 4-6 months, 22.0% in 7-12 months, and 58.3% in 13-24 months. Among 151 subjects, the mean sTfR value in male children was 5.89+/-1.69mg/L and significantly higher than in female children of 5.11+/-1.92mg/L (P=0.019). The level of sTfR in male infants aged 4-6 months was 5.81mg/L and that of female infants with same age was 4.22mg/L (P=0.001). The sTfR level significantly correlated with MCV (r= -0.56, P<0.001), TIBC (r=0.44, P<0.001), and serum iron level (r=-0.42, P<0.001), however correlation between serum iron level and ferritin was poor (r=0.03, P=0.213). CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency still prevail with high incidence in infants and young children especially children aged 13-24 months. The mean value of sTfR is different according to developmental age. Measurement of sTfR appears to be more correlative to iron status than that of ferritin. On the basis of sTfR value, iron need is greater in male infants than in female infants.
Bone Marrow ; Child ; Erythropoiesis ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Iron* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin* ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: The incidence of iron deficiency anaemia in infants, which is caused by the increased iron demand for rapid growth during this period, is reported to range from 10 to 40%. This age group also suffers from a number of acute illnesses (urinary tract infection, pneumonia and other viral illness). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) values and the different methods of calculating the sTfR and serum ferritin (SF) ratio for differentiating anemia of inflammation (AI) from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) or a mixture of these two types of anemia. METHODS: 173 infants among all the infants who visited Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2000 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The hemoglobin (Hb), SF and sTfR values were checked and the infants were divided into the Al subgroup (Hb <11g/dL and SF > 50microgram/L), the IDA subgroup (Hb <11g/dL and SF < 12microgram/L), the normal group (Hb > or =11g/dL and SF > or =12microgram/L), and the unclassified anemia (UCA) group (Hb <11g/dL and SF 12~50microgram/L). RESULTS: The mean sTfR and sTfR/Log SF values in the AI group were 3.89 and 10.6microgram/mL, respectively (P<0.01). These values in the IDA group were 1.9 and 36.11, respectively (P<0.01). The mean Log (sTfR/SF) was statistically significant between all the subgroups (1.35 in AI, 3.29 in IDA, 1.76 in Nor and 2.35 in UCA). All the infants in the IDA group had a Log (sTfR/SF) value >2.55 whereas all the infants classified in AI group had a Log (sTfR/SF) value <2.55. CONCLUSION: The Log (sTfR/SF) value is a useful criterion for discriminating between AI and IDA.
Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Ferritins ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Iron ; Pneumonia ; Receptors, Transferrin ; Transferrin

Iron is one of the necessary elements for cell growth, proliferation and functional activities. Iron uptake of the vast majority cells, including tumor cells, is primarily mediated by transferrin receptor (TfR). Studies showed that transferrin receptor expressed on tumor cell surface at a high level, thus can be used in the treatment for malignant tumor combined with many kinds of materials. In this article, recent progress of study on transferrin receptor used in treating hematological malignant tumor are reviewed from aspects of transferrin receptor combined with drugs including artemisinin, doxorubicin, gambogic acid and so on, genes, antibodies, polyethylene glycol and nanoparticles.
Hematologic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Humans ; Receptors, Transferrin ; metabolism ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of soy isoflavones on cell proliferation and the transcription levels of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), inhibin α (INHα), INHβB, androgen binding protein (ABP), transferrin (Tf) and vimentin in testis sertoli cells in SD rats. METHODS: Sertoli cells were cultured in vitro, exposed to daidzein at 0.03, 0.3, 3, and 30 μmol/L and genistein at 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μmol/L, respectively. MTT was used to detect the proliferation of sertoli cells. Real-time PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA expressions of FSHR, INHα, INHβB, ABP, Tf and vimentin. RESULTS: Compared with control groups, cell proliferation and the relative mRNA expression levels of INHβB and ABP in the treated cells showed no significant alternation. The INHα mRNA expression levels were increased in 0.3 and 3 μmol/L Dai and 0.05 μmol/L Gen, while the mRNA expression levels of FSHR were downregulated in 30 μmol/L Dai and Gen at all concentrations. Tf mRNA expression levels were downregulated in 30 μmol/L Dai and 5 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L Gen, and the mRNA expression levels of vimentin were downregulated in 3 and 30 μmol/L Dai and 50 μmol/L Gen. CONCLUSION Soy Isoflavones may have potential detrimental effect on the male reproductive system, as they may impact the function of sertoli cells by downregulating the transcription levels of some important proteins.
Androgen-Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Animals ; Inhibin-beta Subunits ; metabolism ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; adverse effects ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, FSH ; metabolism ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Testis ; cytology ; drug effects ; Transferrin ; metabolism

PURPOSE: Serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a marker of iron deficiency and erythropoiesis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of iron parameters and sTfR in neonates by gestation; and to determine whether cord blood parameters for iron status and erythropoiesis are influenced by maternal iron deficiency or anemia. METHODS: Cord sTfR, iron and ferritin concentrations, hemoglobin (Hb), reticulocyte counts and total iron binding capacity were analyzed in 20 preterm and 60 term newborns. In term neonates, maternal iron status was classified by Hb and serum ferritin as anemic group (n=18; Hb < 11 g/dl and ferritin < 12 microgram/l), non-anemic group (n=14; Hb > or = 11 g/dl and ferritin < 12 microgram/l) and control (n=21, non anemic and non iron deficient). RESULTS: 1) Cord serum iron of preterm neonates was significantly lower than that of fullterm and the reticulocytes were significantly higher in preterm neonates. 2) The concentrations of cord serum iron were correlated positively with the gestational age, but other iron parameters and sTfR concentrations were not related to gestational age. The sTfR concentrations were correlated positively with cord blood hemoglobin. 3) Cord sTfR concentrations were significantly lower in newborns of anemic group compared with those of non-anemic group (P=0.03), or control (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Cord sTfR was influenced by maternal iron deficiency aenmia, but not by maternal iron deficiency alone. Since sTfR reflects fetal erythropoietic activity, we speculate that low sTfR in newborns of iron deficiency anemic mother could suggest decreased fetal erythropoiesis by maternal anemia caused by iron depletion.
Anemia ; Erythropoiesis ; Ferritins ; Fetal Blood ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Iron* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Reticulocyte Count ; Reticulocytes ; Transferrin*

PURPOSE: Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a truncated extracellular form of the membrane transferrin receptor produced by proteolysis. Concentrations of serum sTfR are related to iron status and erythropoiesis in the body. We investigated whether serum sTfR levels can aid in diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with IDA were enrolled and were classified according to age at diagnosis. Group 1 comprised 78 children, aged 6-59 months, and group 2 comprised 20 adolescents, aged 12-16 years. RESULTS: In group 1, patients' serum sTfR levels correlated negatively with mean corpuscular volume; hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and serum iron levels; and transferrin saturation and positively with total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and red cell distribution width. In group 2, patients' serum sTfR levels did not correlate with ferritin levels and TIBC, but had a significant relationship with other iron indices. Hb and serum sTfR levels had a significant inverse relationship in both groups; however, in group 1, there was no correlation between Hb and serum ferritin levels. In 30 patients of group 1, serum sTfR levels were significantly decreased with an increase in Hb levels after iron supplementation for 1 month. CONCLUSION: Serum sTfR levels significantly correlated with other diagnostic iron parameters of IDA and inversely correlated with an increase in Hb levels following iron supplementation. Therefore, serum sTfR levels can be a useful marker for the diagnosis and treatment of IDA in children.
Adolescent ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythropoiesis ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Iron ; Membranes ; Proteolysis ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin