No abstract available.
Growth Hormone* ; Receptors, Somatotropin*

No abstract available.
Growth Hormone* ; Receptors, Somatotropin*

This study was conducted to determine if the main components of the somatotropic axis change during the early phase of pregnancy in the maternal blood system and whether differences exist on day 18 after pregnancy recognition by the maternal organism. Blood samples of pregnant heifers (Holstein Friesian; n = 10 after embryo transfer) were obtained on the day of ovulation (day 0), as well as on days 7, 14, 16 and 18 and during pregnant, non-pregnant and negative control cycles. The oncentrations of progesterone (P4), oestrogen, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2 (IGF1, -2) and IGF-binding protein-2, -3 and -4 (IGFBP2, -3, -4) were measured. The mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor 1A, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 were detected using RT-qPCR in liver biopsy specimens (day 18). In all groups, total serum IGF1 decreased from day 0 to 16. Notably, IGFBP4 maternal blood concentrations were lower during pregnancy than during non-pregnant cycles and synchronized control cycles. It can be speculated that the lower IGFBP4 in maternal blood may result in an increase of free IGF1 for local action. Further studies regarding IGFBP4 concentration and healthy early pregnancy are warranted.
Axis ; Biopsy ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Growth Hormone ; Liver ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy* ; Progesterone ; Receptors, Somatotropin ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in the development and progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHODSThe expression levels of GHR and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry technique in CRC specimens and normal mucous tissue from 100 patients with CRC. The association between expression of GHR and clinicopathological factors was analyzed.

RESULTSThe expression of GHR was higher in the colorectal cancerous tissue compared to the normal mucous tissue (81% vs. 68%). The expression of GHR was significantly correlated with pathological staging (P=0.047), tumor differentiation (P=0.003) and tumor size (P=0.017). The expression of GHR was significantly associated with the expression of Ki-67 (P< 0.01) as well as tumor proliferation (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe over-expression of GHR is shown in human colorectal cancer and it also plays an important role in the development of human colorectal cancer. The use of rhGH in clinic should be cautious.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Somatotropin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of the polymorphism F279Y of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene on milk yield and composition in Chinese Holstein cattle.

METHODSHundred thirty two Chinese Holstein cattle were selected as study materials, according to DHI production performance method to get the data of milk yield and composition; PCR- SSCP and sequencing method were used to detect the genotypes; least square method was used to acquire correlation analysis.

RESULTSChinese Holstein cattle F279Y of GHR gene loci A and T allele frequency were 0.68 and 0.32, respectively, the experimental group significantly deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.01); 305 d milk yield of AA genotype was significantly higher than AT type (P < 0.05), 305 d milk fat yield, 305 d milk protein yield and 305 d lactose of AT type had better trend than those of AA type in numeric; Therefore, allele A was dominant gene of high milk yield, allele T has positive effect on milk composition.

CONCLUSIONMutation F279Y of GHR gene can be used as genetic markers in Chinese Holstein milk production traits of marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding.

Animals ; Cattle ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Milk ; secretion ; Point Mutation ; Receptors, Somatotropin ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyze the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in Chinese Han ethnic population.

METHODSThe sample of 106 unrelated healthy Chinese Hans was studied by sequencing exons of the GHR gene to detect SNP.

RESULTSThere were 6 SNP spots identified in exon 6 and exon 10. Five of them were found in exon 10, and one in exon 6. There were differences between the allele frequencies of the SNP we found and those in the NCBI database. The highest heterozygosity of the SNP was found at 1630 A > C (I526L), which was 47.6%. The SNP 1483 A > C (P477T), 1735 A > C (P561T) and 1319 G > T (C422F) had polarity change. The SNP 536 A > G in exon 6 from the NCBI database was not detected in this population. The allele distribution of SNP was in good unity with the Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that the SNP of GHR are unevenly distributed and different in different ethnic populations.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Somatotropin ; genetics

The present studies were performed to investigate the interaction of 17beta-estradiol and human growth hormone(hGH) on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament(hPDL) cell. The independent effects of 17beta-estradiol and hGH on hPDL cell proliferation were investigated and the effects of hGH on hPDL cell proliferation after 17beta-estradiol pre-treatment were also investigated. Lastly, the change of hGH receptor expression in hPDL cell after 17beta-estradiol pre-treatment were investigated The obtained results were as follows; 1. The treatment of 17beta-estradiol or hGH had no significant effects on hPDL cell proliferation. 2. After pre-treatment of 17beta-estradiol, hGH stimulated the proliferation of the hPDL cell, regardless of hHG concentration. 3. Although there was not hGH receptor in the hPDL cell, hGH receptors were expressed in hPDL cell after more than 6 hours pre-treatment cf 17beta-estradiol. 4. The effect of hGH on hPDL, cell proliferation was related to the hGH receptor expression. 17beta-estradiol pre-treatment contributed to the hGH effects on the hPDL cell by stimulating hGHR expression.
Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Estrogens* ; Growth Hormone* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Receptors, Somatotropin*

Laron syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene. It is characterized by severe postnatal growth retardation and characteristic facial features as well as high circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) and low levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). This report described the clinical features and GHR gene mutations in 2 siblings with Laron syndrome in a Chinese family. Their heights and weights were in the normal range at birth, but the growth was retarded after birth. When they presented to the clinic, the heights of the boy (8 years old) and his sister (11 years old) were 80.0 cm (-8.2 SDS) and 96.6 cm (-6.8 SDS) respectively. They had typical appearance features of Laron syndrome such as short stature and obesity, with protruding forehead, saddle nose, large eyes, sparse and thin silky hair and high-pitched voice. They had higher basal serum GH levels and lower serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) than normal controls. The peak serum GH level after colonidine and insulin stimulations in the boy was over 350 ng/mL. After one-year rhGH treatment, the boy's height increased from 80.0 cm to 83.3 cm. The gene mutation analysis revealed that two patients had same homozygous mutation of S65H (TCA -->CCA) in exon 4, which is a novel gene mutation. It was concluded that a definite diagnosis of Laron syndrome can be made based on characteristic appearance features and serum levels of GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GHBP. The S65H mutation might be the cause of Laron syndrome in the two patients.
Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Laron Syndrome ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense ; Receptors, Somatotropin ; genetics

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the association between the frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 polymorphism (exon 3 deletion; d3-GHR) and metabolic factors in patients with acromegaly in Korea. METHODS: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 30 unrelated patients with acromegaly. GHR genotypes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with demographic data and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: No patient had the d3/d3 genotype, while four (13.3%) had the d3/fl genotype, and 26 (86.7%) had the fl/fl genotype. Body mass index (BMI) in patients with the d3/fl genotype was significantly higher than in those with the fl/fl genotype (P=0.001). Age, gender, blood pressure, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed no significant differences between the two genotypes. CONCLUSION: The d3-GHR polymorphism may be associated with high BMI but not with other demographic characteristics or laboratory parameters.
Acromegaly* ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; DNA ; Exons ; Fasting ; Genotype ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Somatotropin* ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: Growth hormone(GH) produces a variety of effects in adipose tissue via GHRs on the cell membrane. In mouse, alternative splicing of the nascent transcript from the GHR gene produces two major transcripts:GHR mRNA and GHR binding protein(GHBP) mRNA. These two transcripts share the common extracellular ligand-binding domain, but differ in the C-terminal sequence. Since GHR plays an important role in mediating the actions of GH in adipose metabolism, I initiated these studies to examine GHR gene expression during mouse 3T3-Ll preadipocyte-adipocyte differentiation. METHODS: GHR and GHBP transcripts were detected by RNase protection assay (RPA) using the antisense riboprobes complementary either to the specific sequence of the GHR or to the sequence shared by both GHR and GHBP mRNAs. RNA prepared from 3T3-L1 cells at day 0(preadipocytes) and day 7(adipocytes) after treatment with actinomycin D was analyzed by RPA. RESULTS: After stimulation of differentiation, mRNA abundance increased 25-fold and reached a maximal level by day 7 of adipogenesis. The GHR mRNA:GHBP mRNA ratio was 1.3+/-.15 and remained unchanged during differentiation. The decay rate for both mRNAs, estimated by treating the cells with actinomycin D, was approximately 24 hours and showed no significant difference between preadipocytes and adipocytes. CONCLUSION: GHR gene expression is upregulated during preadipocyte-adipocyte differentiation.
3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Dactinomycin ; Gene Expression ; Growth Hormone* ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Negotiating ; Receptors, Somatotropin* ; Ribonucleases ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger