The olfactory perception is the process that the olfactory receptor is activated by odorous molecules, which induce the transduction of signal in the cell and the chemical information is transduced into electrical impulses. After the changed signal is transmitted to the brain, the whole perception process completes. OR gene belongs to the multigene family. The coded olfactory receptor proteins belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and therefore are invariably seven-transmembrane domain(7TM) protein. Olfactory receptor protein plays an important role in olfactory perception and signal transduction process.
Animals ; Humans ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptors, Odorant ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

No abstract available.
Receptors, Odorant ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Livestock ; Genomics* ; Genotype ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Animals ; Codon, Nonsense ; Disease ; genetics ; Drosophila ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Pseudogenes ; Receptors, Odorant ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo clone and identify olfactory receptor odorant receptor 7 (OR7) gene of Aedes albopictus and analyze its expression profile and calcium regulation function.

METHODRT-PCR was used to amplify the olfactory receptor OR7 gene of Ae. albopictus and OR7 expression was detected in different tissues and organs. The coding sequence of OR7 gene was cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pME18s, which was then transfected into HEK293 cells. The calcium callback function in response to odor molecule stimulation was analyzed by calcium imaging technique.

RESULTSThe OR7 gene of Ae. albopictus was cloned and sequence analysis showed that its coding region was 1395 bp. RT-PCR detected OR7 expression in the larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes, especially in female mosquitos. Preliminary analysis of calcium callback function demonstrated the specific regulation of calcium absorption by OR7 in response to odor molecule stimulation.

CONCLUSIONThe OR7 gene of Ae. albopictus has been cloned successfully. OR7 is highly expressed in female mosquitos and is capable of specific recognition of the odor molecules.

Aedes ; genetics ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Insect ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Larva ; Pupa ; Receptors, Odorant ; genetics

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in all human physiological systems where they are responsible for transducing extracellular signals into cells. GPCRs signal in response to a diverse array of stimuli including light, hormones, and lipids, where these signals affect downstream cascades to impact both health and disease states. Yet, despite their importance as therapeutic targets, detailed molecular structures of only 30 GPCRs have been determined to date. A key challenge to their structure determination is adequate protein expression. Here we report the quantification of protein expression in an insect cell expression system for all 826 human GPCRs using two different fusion constructs. Expression characteristics are analyzed in aggregate and among each of the five distinct subfamilies. These data can be used to identify trends related to GPCR expression between different fusion constructs and between different GPCR families, and to prioritize lead candidates for future structure determination feasibility.
Animals ; Computational Biology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Plasmids ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Domains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Odorant ; metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera

The olfactory epithelium is the main end organ for the sense of smell in humans and vertebrates. Specially differenciated neuronal cells called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) play a key role in the olfactory epithelium by expressing the olfactory receptors (ORs) on their apical surface membrane. The ORs are G-protein coupled receptors that transmit signals from odorants to ORNs by molecular cascades using cyclic adenosine monophosphate, calcium ions and other molecules, which result in the depolarization of ORN. Unlike other mammalian animals, only about 30% of OR genes in the human genome are expressed. The Nobel Prize was awarded to the scientists who cloned these ORs for the first time. Each ORN expresses only a single type of OR, and ORNs which express the same type of OR converge together into the same glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. A single OR recognizes multiple odorants, and a single odorant is recognized by multiple ORs with varying affinities. At the higher neurons beyond the bulb, neuronal connections are divergent. The combinatorial model of odor identification and discrimination is well established at the convergence level, but little is known about the action mechanisms of neuronal divergence for odor identification and discrimination and further study is required.
Adenosine Monophosphate ; Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Calcium ; Clone Cells ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Genome, Human ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Ions ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Nobel Prize ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb ; Olfactory Mucosa ; Olfactory Pathways ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons ; Receptors, Odorant ; Smell* ; Vertebrates