1.Relationship of Androgen Receptor and p53 Protein Expession to HormonalTherapy in Advanced Prostatic Cancer.
Joo Sung KIM ; Kil Hyun OH ; Dong Soo PARK
Korean Journal of Urology 2000;41(4):486-491
No abstract available.
Prostatic Neoplasms*
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Receptors, Androgen*
2.Immunohistochemical expression of CK19, AR, PHLDA1, CD10 and Ki67 in the differentiation between Trichoepithelioma and Basal Cell Carcinoma: A systematic review
Eileen Liesl A. Cubillan ; Jolene Kristine G. Gatmaitan-Dumlao
Acta Medica Philippina 2021;55(5):489-500
Background:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma (TE) are follicular adnexal neoplasms that arise from the follicular germ but with divergent biological behavior. The gold standard in the differentiation is through histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain. There are cases, however, when the distinction is not straightforward.
Objective:
To assess the association and diagnostic accuracy of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expressions of CD10, Ki67, CK19, androgen receptor (AR), and PHLDA1 in distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma and trichoepithelioma.
Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search on cross-sectional studies on human tissue from 2000 to 2020 in MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL and EMBASE for comparative studies and reference lists. The data were summarized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and RevMan. We used Chi-square test for independence, summary receiver operator curves (sROC), and diagnostic odds ratio (OR).
Results:
We included 15 articles containing 686 BCC and 367 TE in the systematic review. The pooled staining of biomarkers showed a significant difference in the staining of CK19 (p<0.05) and AR (p<0.0001), and PHLDA1 (p<0.0001). Diagnostic odds ratio was used to confirm these associations. AR was found to have the highest odds in the diagnosis of BCC (OR 27.92, 95% CI 10.69, 72.86). The pattern of staining of CD10 is significant (p<0.001) with staining of both tumor and stroma (OR 8.09, 95% CI 4.57, 13.53) and staining of tumor alone (OR 8.15, 95% CI 4.56, 14.35) (p<0.001) in the diagnosis of BCC. CD10 stromal staining, on the other hand, is significantly associated with the diagnosis of TE (OR 7.26, 95% CI 5.06, 10.44) (p<0.0001). There is no significant association between Ki67 staining (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.48, 3.09) (p=0.67) and the diagnosis of BCC. The forest plot and sROC showed that AR had high specificity across all included studies in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, while PHLDA1 demonstrated high specificity and high sensitivity in diagnosing trichoepithelioma.
Conclusion
The biomarkers AR and PHLDA1 are useful as an initial panel to distinguish between BCC and TE, given that both showed high sensitivity as well as significant association with BCC and TE respectively. CD10 and CK19 may also be used with AR and PHLDA1 for further confirmation.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
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Immunohistochemistry
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Receptors, Androgen
3.Polycystic ovary syndrome woman with heterozygous androgen receptor gene mutation who gave birth to a child with androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Hyoun NAM ; Chung Hoon KIM ; Min Young CHA ; Jae Min KIM ; Byung Moon KANG ; Han Wook YOO
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2015;58(2):179-182
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, and it is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Although pathogenesis is still unclear, androgen receptor (AR) gene polymorphism may be one of the etiologic factors of PCOS. AR gene polymorphism has been also associated with other forms of androgen pattern diseases. We report a PCOS woman with heterozygous AR gene mutation who gave birth to a baby with andorgen insensitivity syndrome.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome*
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Child*
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Parturition*
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*
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Receptors, Androgen*
4.A Case Report of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.
Sun Young KIM ; Kyung Joo HWANG ; Hyun Soo AHN ; Hee Jae JOO ; Yeon Jong JOO ; Hyuck Chan KWON ; Kie Suk OH
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999;42(5):1146-1150
The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resembles males. Mutations of the androgen receptor gene are responsible for a variable degree of impaired androgen action. The complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is characterized by normal female external appearance in spite of the normal male karyotype 46XY with testes and normal testosterone production and metabolism. This is transmitted by X-linked recessive manner. Wolffian duct does not develop. However, m llerian development does not occur in presence of antim llerian hormone activity. Recently we experienced a case of complete androgen insenditirity syndrome. We reported a case with concerned literatures.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome*
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Female
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Humans
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Karyotype
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Male
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Metabolism
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Receptors, Androgen
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Testis
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Testosterone
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Wolffian Ducts
6.Analysis of AR gene variant in an infant with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Yanjie XIA ; Shuang HU ; Chen CHEN ; Ning LIU ; Xiangdong KONG
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 2019;36(4):360-362
OBJECTIVE:
To detect potential variant of AR gene in an infant with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
METHODS:
The coding regions and splicing sites of the AR gene were subjected to PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was also used to detect copy number alterations of exons 2 to 8 of the AR gene.
RESULTS:
Deletion of exons 2 to 8 was detected in the proband, and the results were verified among the family members.
CONCLUSION
Hemizygotic deletion of exons 2 to 8 of the AR gene probably underlies the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome in this infant.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome
;
genetics
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Base Sequence
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Exons
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Humans
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Infant
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Male
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Receptors, Androgen
;
genetics
7.A Study on CAG Repeat Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor in Korean Androgenetic Alopecia : Preliminary Report.
Jin Geol JUNG ; Jong Wook PARK ; Myung Hwa KIM ; Yong Woo CINN
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2009;47(7):772-776
BACKGROUND: The androgen receptor (AR) is a conserved member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Differences in the AR gene sequence are characterized mostly by a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat (CAG) encoding a polyglutamine stretch in the N-terminal domain. The transactivational activity of the AR might be inversely associated with the numbers of this CAG repeat chain, and the smaller numbers of CAG repeats are believed to be associated with androgenetic alopecia? (AGA). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible etiologic association between Korean AGA and CAG repeat numbers in the AR gene. METHODS: We compared CAG repeat numbers within the AR gene of 64 male Korean AGA patients with those of 40 normal male controls. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the number of CAG repeats between the Korean AGA patients and controls. There were no robust or significant correlations between (i) CAG repeat numbers and (ii) age of onset or severity of AGA in Korean AGA patients. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that AR receptor CAG polymorphisms in the Korean male population might not have a major role in susceptibility to AGA expression.
Age of Onset
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Alopecia
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Humans
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Male
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Peptides
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Receptors, Androgen
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Trinucleotide Repeats
8.A Study on CAG Repeat Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor in Korean Androgenetic Alopecia : Preliminary Report.
Jin Geol JUNG ; Jong Wook PARK ; Myung Hwa KIM ; Yong Woo CINN
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2009;47(7):772-776
BACKGROUND: The androgen receptor (AR) is a conserved member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Differences in the AR gene sequence are characterized mostly by a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat (CAG) encoding a polyglutamine stretch in the N-terminal domain. The transactivational activity of the AR might be inversely associated with the numbers of this CAG repeat chain, and the smaller numbers of CAG repeats are believed to be associated with androgenetic alopecia? (AGA). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible etiologic association between Korean AGA and CAG repeat numbers in the AR gene. METHODS: We compared CAG repeat numbers within the AR gene of 64 male Korean AGA patients with those of 40 normal male controls. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the number of CAG repeats between the Korean AGA patients and controls. There were no robust or significant correlations between (i) CAG repeat numbers and (ii) age of onset or severity of AGA in Korean AGA patients. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that AR receptor CAG polymorphisms in the Korean male population might not have a major role in susceptibility to AGA expression.
Age of Onset
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Alopecia
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Humans
;
Male
;
Peptides
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Receptors, Androgen
;
Trinucleotide Repeats
9.Immunohistochemical Assay of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer.
Korean Journal of Urology 1996;37(1):41-46
It is well known that the development and progression of prostate cancer are androgen dependent and the action of androgen in prostate is mediated by androgen receptor. But the role of androgen receptor in the development and progression of prostate cancer have been not defined. Recently, the development of mmunohistochemical assay has provided new opportunities for study of androgen receptor. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed for 3 cases of normal prostate, 17 of BPH and 17 of prostate cancer. Specimens were obtained from cystoprostatectomy of bladder cancer patients(normal prostate), suprapubic prostatectomy and transurethral resection of prostate(BPH) and radical prostatectomy and prostate biopsies(prostate cancer). Androgen receptors were stained predominantly in nucleus of glandular cell. Normal prostates were stained homogeneously and heterogeneous staining of androgen receptor was more in pro- state cancer than BPH and in high grade(Gleason`s score 5-10) than low grade (Gleason`s score 2-4). Total intensity score of normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer were 196.6+/-20.8, 202. 4+/-54.3 and 180.6+/-47.0 respectively and cancer tissues were stained the least intensely, but statistically not significant(P > 0.05). Staining of prostate cancer revealed less intensity in high grade(161.8+/-36.8, P < 0.05) than low grade(215.0+/-46.8). It is postulated that the distribution of androgen receptor in the prostate cancer was correlated with cellular differentiation and also it is suggesting that androgen receptor is closely related with development of androgen independent cancer.
Prostate*
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Prostatectomy
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Prostatic Neoplasms*
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Receptors, Androgen*
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
10.Effect of Menopause on the Expression of Androgen Receptors in Human Vagina.
Korean Journal of Andrology 2004;22(1):24-30
PURPOSE: Many women complain of various pattern of sexual dysfunction after surgical or natural menopause. This study aimed to investigate the effect of menopause on the expression of androgen receptors in the human vagina and sexual functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were women aged from their 30's to 70's who required transvaginal surgery. Subjects were divided into three groups: premenopausal, postmenopausal without hormone replacement therapy, and postmenopausal with hormone replacement therapy. Tissues from the proximal and distal thirds of the vagina were collected during the operation. The expression of androgen receptors was examined using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: In tissue from the distal third of the vagina, androgen receptor expression decreased after menopause compared with the premenopausal group. In the hormone replacement group, androgen receptor expression was decreased compared with non-hormone replacement group. Androgen receptor expression correlated with sexual function independent of hormonal status. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, significant numbers of postmenopausal women show changes of sexual function. Androgen is thought to be one of the major factors controlling female sexual function. This study supports that the androgen receptor expression could be changed by the hormonal status and we should consider this change when managing sexual dysfunction in female.
Female
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Hormone Replacement Therapy
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Humans*
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Menopause*
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Receptors, Androgen*
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Vagina*