Purpose: Disc displacement can cause resorption of the head of the condyle and affect its volume. This study analysed the volume of normal condyles and those with disc displacement with reduction (DDR) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from the Indonesian population. Materials and Methods: This study analysed 56 condyles (26 normal and 30 with DDR) from patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Unit after being referred from the Prosthodontics Unit at Dental Hospital Universitas Padjadjaran from December 2020 to February 2021. Samples were divided into 2 groups (normal and DDR left and right-side condyles) based on the DC/TMD Axis 1 form through the clinical examination results. Both sample groups were exposed to CBCT radiation. The CBCT imaging results in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format were exported to the open-source ITK-SNAP format to determine condyle volume. Volumetric data from the cortical and trabecular areas of the right or left side condyles were arranged by sex. The independent t-test was used to determine the significance of differences with IBM SPSS version 21.0. Intra- and inter-observer reliability and validity were tested before determining the volume of the condyles. Results: Normal condyles and DDR condyles showed significant differences in volume (P<0.05). Significant differences were also seen in cortical (P=0.0007) and trabecular (P=0.0045) volumes. There was a significant difference in condylar volume based on sex. Conclusion The normal condyle volume was significantly different from the DDR condyle volume in both sexes.

Introduction: Technique of playing violin requires violinist to adjust the instrument on their left shoulder while the mandible helps holding it. The outcome is continuous mechanical force to area of craniofacial and neck. This force can induce temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this research was to obtain the description of diagnosis of TMD in violinists of Alliance Violin Community Bandung. Methods: This was a descriptive research. The subjects for this research were (n=34) violinists who became the members of Alliance Violin Community Bandung. Purposive sampling was used as sampling technique for this research. The procedure used for this research was referred to Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Results: The result of this research was 30 (16 females and 14 males) violinists with age ranging from 15-30 years old of Alliance Violin Community Bandung were diagnosed with TMD (88.24%). The description of diagnosis of TMD in violinists of Alliance Violin Community Bandung was dominated by disc displacement with reduction with 23 cases (67.65%), arthralgia with 5 cases (14.71%), and myalgia with 4 cases (11.77%). Conclusion: TMD were common in violinists of Alliance Violin Community Bandung, thereby we could conclude that violinists had a high risk of suffering from TMD. The method that was used in this study, DC/TMD, provided more detailed diagnosis so the violinists can raise their awareness of TMD to optimize early medical diagnosis and treatment.