Three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and cell differentiation. There are plenty of studies on TALE transcription factors in several model plants, but not in radish (Raphanus sativas). A genome-wide bioinformatics analysis identified 33 TALE family genes in the Xiang-Ya-Bai (XYB) radish, These genes, are distributed on nine chromosomes and all contain 4-6 exons. The 33 TALE genes in radish showed a co-linearity relationship with the 17 homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, a large number of stress response cis-elements were found in the promoter regions of these genes. Expression analysis showed that four genes in the BELL subfamily were highly expressed in roots, and two genes in the KNOX subfamily were highly expressed in shoots of bolting plants and callus. All radish TALE genes contain sequences encoding the conserved HOX domain, except for the gene RSA10037940, which is homologous to Arabidopsis KNATM. The deduced 3D structures of the TALE proteins irrespective of subtypes are highly similar. All the encoded proteins were weakly acidic and hydrophilic. The radish TALE gene family is relatively evolutionarily conserved, which was consistent with results from Arabidopsis, but quite different from that of rice. This study provides important clues for studying the biological functions of TALE transcription factors in radish.
Amino Acids ; Arabidopsis/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Raphanus/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

To explore the effective components represented by fingerprint contributed to allelopathic effect of different Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous concentration on seeds and seedlings of radish, grey relational analysis was used to establish the chromatography-efficacy relation. The results show that 15 peaks devote high allelopathic contribution to radish seeds and seedlings. The study will provide a new concept for allelochemicals screening and study.
Allelopathy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Pheromones ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Raphanus ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; metabolism

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Fatty Liver/metabolism* ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/blood* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout, ApoE ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Raphanus/chemistry* ; Seeds/chemistry*

Kimchi is a traditional Korean food prepared by fermenting vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes, which are seasoned with various ingredients, including red pepper powder, garlic, ginger, green onion, fermented seafood (Jeotgal), and salt. The various unique microorganisms and bioactive components in kimchi show antioxidant activity and have been associated with an enhanced immune response, as well as anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. Red pepper inhibits decay due to microorganisms and prevents food from spoiling. The vast amount of biological information generated by academic and industrial research groups is reflected in a rapidly growing body of scientific literature and expanding data resources. However, the genome, biological pathway, and related disease data are insufficient to explain the health benefits of kimchi because of the varied and heterogeneous data types. Therefore, we have constructed an appropriate semantic data model based on an integrated food knowledge database and analyzed the functional and biological processes associated with kimchi in silico. This complex semantic network of several entities and connections was generalized to answer complex questions, and we demonstrated how specific disease pathways are related to kimchi consumption.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biological Processes ; Brassica ; Capsicum ; Computer Simulation* ; Garlic ; Genome ; Ginger ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways* ; Metabolism ; Onions ; Raphanus ; Seafood ; Seasons ; Semantics ; Vegetables

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess energy and nutritional intake and investigate the preference for food and cooking methods of the residents in elderly care facilities. METHODS: Data were collected from 72 residents (10 males and 62 females) aged ≥ 70 years in elderly care facilities using questionnaires, food photographs for estimating dietary intake and records for daily physical activity. RESULTS: Average age of the study participants was 85.0 years and 41, 36 and 8 had dementia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. 15%, 65% and 19% of subjects were physically mobile, enervated, and immobile, respectively. Daily energy intake was 1360.2 kcal in men and 1378.0 kcal in women, which were 68.0% and 86.1% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) of dietary reference intake for Koreans (KDRI) for ≥ 75 year old individuals, respectively. Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) of subjects calculated using formula from KDRI was 1361.9 kcal and EER calculated using estimated daily physical activity (EDPA) was 1232.9 kcal. Energy intake and EEE from KDRI were higher than EER from EDPA. Dietary intake of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin C were lower, and protein, phosphorous, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin E were higher than the corresponding ones of KDRI. Subjects liked meats, fishes and shellfish, and fruits, while subjects disliked milk, seaweeds and salted fish and salted vegetables. Cooked rice, soybean paste soup, beef, cooked sliced radish strip, and yogurt were favorite foods, with steam being a favorite cooking method. Subjects considered nutrition as the most important factor for improving food service quality. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study could be utilized for improving food-service for the residents in elderly care facilities, and provide a basis for setting reference intake of energy and nutrients of the elderly having very low activity levels.
Aged* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Cooking ; Dementia ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dietary Fiber ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Fishes ; Food Preferences* ; Food Services ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Iron ; Male ; Meat ; Milk ; Motor Activity ; Niacin ; Nutrition Assessment ; Potassium ; Raphanus ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Riboflavin ; Shellfish ; Sodium ; Soybeans ; Steam ; Thiamine ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Yogurt ; Zinc

Anticarcinogenic Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Isothiocyanates ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Raphanus ; chemistry ; Tubulin ; chemistry ; metabolism