AIM: To explore the effects of carbonizing temperature and time on HPLC fingerprints of Flos Sophorae for improving the processing technics of Flos Sophorae carbonized.METHODS: Samples were prepared by an oven for different time and at different temperatures,separately.Then the fingerprints of the samples were determined by HPLC,separately.According to the fingerprints of the crude drug,the differences between the fingerprints of the samples were compared. RESULTS: Heated for 30 min,there was no significant change of the fingerprints of the samples which were heated at 120(?C)-150(?C);there was a little change in the fingerprints when the samples were heated at 170(?C),but the significant change was observed when they were heated at 180(?C)-190(?C).The fingerprints showed the chemical constitutents were almost destroyed over 200(?C).Over 160(?C),the effects on the samples which were heated for 60 min were more obviously than on those which were heated for 30 min. CONCLUSION: According to the change of the fingerprints and in view of the efficient usage of the energy,Flos Sophorae carbonizing should be heated at 185(?C)?2 (?C) and for 30 min.

In order to ef fectively control the quality ofSophora lfos carbonisatus (flower and flower buds), this study established quality control methods and standard of the decoction pieces. Referring to the related methods in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol extracts ofSophora lfos carbonisatus were measured, respectively, with rutin, quercetin as control substance. The eluents for rutin and quercetin are ethyl acetate - formic acid - water (8: 1:1) and chloroform - methanol - water (6.5:1:1), respectively and all TLC plates were observed at 365 nm. Total flavonoids are measured by visible - UV - spectrophotometric, and rutin and quercetin were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions for rutin are: Kromasil C18 as the stationary phase, methanol -1% acetic acid (32:68) as mobile phase, flow rate: 0.8 mL·min-1, detection wavelength 257 nm,the column temperature 35℃; for quercetin: Kromasil C18 as the stationary phase, methanol -0.4% acetic acid (44:56) as the mobile phase, flow rate: 0.8 mL·min-1, detection wavelength 257 nm, the column temperature 40℃.The contents of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, should not exceed 6%, 16%, 8.0% in flower and not exceed 6.0%,9.0%, 1.5% in buds, respectively. Under the conditions of TLC, in flower and flower buds, 2 reference substances can be separated well with others. Extract, total flavonoids, rutin, quercetin were no lower than 40.0%, 5.0%, 2.5%,0. 2% in flower and no lower than 45.0%, 10.0%, 5.0%, 0.9% in buds, respectively. The established standards can improve the levels of quality control, provide experimental data for safety and efficacy of clinical application of Sophora flos carbonisatus, and also offer supporting data for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition.

Objective To establish the optimal ethanol extraction technology of Qingshen Granule. Methods The total content of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, the content of tanshinoneⅡA and dry extact rate was set as indexes, orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the technology. Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:8 times of 80%alcohol, refluxing 3 times and 2 hours for each time. Conclusion The optimum technology of Qingshen Granule is simple, stable and effective.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Qingshen Granules. Methods Thin-layer chrmatography was used to identify Rheum officinale Baill., Hedyotis Diffusa Wild. and Coptis chinensis Franch.. The contents of rhein, emodin and chrysophanol were determined by HPLC. The HPLC consisted of Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), methanol-0.1% phosphonic acid (70∶30) as mobile phase, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength at 245 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Results The results of TLC showed that relevant spots were clear without interference against the negative sample. The calibration curves for rhein, emodin and chrysophanol were found to be linear within the range of 0.003 3-0.42 μg (r =0.999 9), 0.008 0-0.51 μg (r=1.000 0), 0.009 9-0.32 μg (r=1.000 0), respectively. The average recoveries were 98.84%, 99.04% and 100.35% with RSD of 1.30% (n=6), 1.34% (n=6) and 1.89% (n=6), respectively. Conclusion The methods are accurate and quick in qualitative identification and quantitative assay, and can be used for the quality control of Qingshen Granules.

Objective To explore the influence on anti-inflammatory efficacy and bitter cold properties of Coptis processed by Evodia juice. Methods Auricle swelling model induced by croton oil in mice was used in the anti-inflammatory efficacy experiment. The mice were assigned randomly into distilled control group, dexamethasone group, crude drug group, 3 processed drug groups that Euodia juice which plant origin was Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) var. bodinaieri (Dode) Huang (SMYHL), Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth and Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, respectively. The crude drug group and the 3 processed drugs groups were orally administrated one time and the dosages were all 6 g/kg. The control group was orallly administrated the same volume water. Dexamethasone group was intraperitoneally injected dexamethasone 30 g/kg. The swelling degree of each group was observed. In the bitter cold properties experiment, rats were assigned randomly into control group, crude drug group and 3 processed drug groups. The crude drug group and the 3 processed drug groups were orally administrated for 14 days and the dosages were all 3 g/kg. The control group was orally administrated the same volume water. The body weight, capacity for eating and drinking, body temperature, heart rate and blood viscosity of rats were measured. Meanwhile, TSH, IL-2, IL-8 in serum and plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results The degree of mouse auricle swelling was reduced by the crude and processed drugs. Fourteen days after medication, the weight, capacity of eating and drinking of rats were declined to different degrees in crude drug group and in processed drugs group as compared with control group. The blood viscosity was increased and IL-2 was decreased in SMYHL group as compared with control group (P<0.05). TSH was decreased in crude drug group as compared with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion There is no obvious change in anti-inflammatory function of Coptis before and after processed. The cold properties of Coptis can be reduced after processed by Evodia Juice.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the classification of the specification grade of Dioscorea opposite.METHODS:Using the Delphi method,17 experts,who were associated with the study of the distribution and clinical application of D.opposite,were selected to conduct two rounds of consultation on 18 samples of medicinal herbs.The importance of the sensory evaluation indexes of D.opposite was screened and the overall satisfaction was evaluated.The specification grade of D.oppositewas determined preliminarily.RESULTS:Totally 17 questionnaires were issued for each round of consultation,and 17 were recovered with recovery rate of 100％.According to statistical analysis,the average value of expert's authority coefficient was 0.77 +0.07,and average recurrence rate of individual review was (91.18 + 7.64)％.The average recurrence rates of group review in two rounds of consultation were (66.67 + 13.50)％ and (65.97 + 14.01)％.The influence of working life,business background and educational background on recurrence rates of group review for interviewed experts was comprehensive.The full score ratio of appearance and cross-sectional characteristics importance was more than 80％,and the average value was more than 0.8.The full score ratio and average value of iron yam were higher.CONCLUSIONS:It is accurate and scientific to evaluate the specification grade of Chinese medicinal herbs with sensory experience.The most important evaluation indicators of D.opposite were the appearance,shape and cross-sectional characteristics.And it is divided into iron yam and non-iron yam preliminarily.The iron yam grade in descending order:Henan sandy iron yam,Shandong sandy iron yam,Henan loquat iron yam.The non-iron yam grade in descending order:Henan Huaiqingfu D.opposite,Hebei Xiaobaizui D.opposite,Hebei Ma D.opposite and Shanxi Chang D.opposite.

OBJECTIVETo compare the hemostatic effect of Flos Sophorae in crude, parched and carbonized forms and its extracts, including rutin, quercetin and tannin.

METHODSAll the testing samples were orally administered to the experimental animals for 5 days, then the bleeding time (BT), coagulation time (CT), platelet count and capillary permeability (CP) in the treated mice were tested, and the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FBG) content and platelet aggregation rate (PAR) in the treated rats were determined.

RESULTSAll the samples could lower the CP, BT and CT in mice and also decrease the plasma PT in rats. All three forms of Flos Sophorae could increase FBG in rats, while the three extracts of it could inhibit the PAR in rats obviously. In addition, rutin had the effect of raising the platelet count.

CONCLUSIONAll the three forms and three extracts of Flos Sophorae have hemostatic effect, the effect of parched and carbonized form is higher than that of crude drug. The mechanism of the hemostatic effect of the six kinds of sample might be various.

Animals ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Capillary Permeability ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Hemostatics ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Quercetin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rutin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Tannins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of lipid-soluble and water-soluble extracts in Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by means of solvent extraction and column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.

RESULTTwo compounds from petroleum ether extract and ten from n-BuOH extract were isolated and identified as sophoradiol (1), beta-sitosterol (2), 3 beta, 22 beta, 24-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene (soyasapogenol B) (3), daucosterol (4), kaikasaponin I (5), quercetin (6), isorhamnetin (7), 2-O-methyl-insitol (8), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (9), isoquercitrin (10), orobol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (11), rutin (12), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 3, 8-11 were isolated from Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus for the first time. The results could be basic foundation for further study on processing mechanism of Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

Sophora ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo analyze constituents of traditional Chinese medicine galamina, and provide basis for the quality control of galamina.

METHODPolarization microscope and electron probe were adopted for a qualitative and quantitative analysis on microscopic appearance and micro-area constituents of galamina. Fourty-two elements contained in galamina were determined by the plasma mass-spectrometric method. Zinc oxide, the major constituent of galamina samples, was detected using the pharmacopeia method.

RESULTThe micro-area analysis on galamina samples showed that galamina is mainly constituted by various mineral particulates such as hydrozincite, smithsonite, zinc oxide and dolomite in a loose texture. It is also found that there are many counterfeit galamina sold in the market, marked by a high lead content in natural galamina samples.

CONCLUSIONGalamina is a mineral aggregation of multiple natural mineral substances, but those sold in the market has many quality problems. Therefore, a fast method shall be established to identify the authenticity of galamina and a standard shall be set to control harmful elements contained in galamina. It is suggested to conduct in-depth studies on excessive harmful elements contained in galamina medicinal materials.

Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo study and establish the optimal technology for the preparation of evodiae juice.

METHODThe contents of evodiamine, rutaecarpine and evodin were simultaneously determined with HPLC, and each yield of the three compounds were chosen as the evaluating indicator. The orthogonal test coupled with the weighted coefficient method were adopted to acquire the optimal technology for the preparation of evodiae juice.

RESULTThe study showed that the optimal technology for the preparation of evodiae juice was as follows: decocted three times while the first time was with 12-fold of water socked 30 minutes and decocted 45 minutes, the second time was with 8-fold of water decocted 20 minutes and the third time was with 6-fold of water decocted 20 minutes.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple and accurate. The optimal technology is suitable for industry manufacture of evodiae juice.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Evodia ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods