The latest literatures on eslicarbazepine acetate in the treatment of epilepsy from home and abroad were referred. The results showed that the oral absorption of eslicarbazepine acetate is quick with long half life, linear pharmacokinetics and low potential of drug-drug interactions. Compared with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate is more effective against epilepsy.

Referred to the latest literatures on raltegravir from home and abroad, the effect and safety of raltegravir in the treat-ment of AIDs were reviewed. The results showed that raltegravir was a necessary component for the initial treatment and repeated treat-ment of AIDs. Up till now, there was no report on its serious adverse reactions and drug interactions.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of therapy of nourishing kidney and liver for the treatment of hypomenorrhea with the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver stagnation. Methods Fifty-one hypomenorrhea patients with the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver stagnation were randomized into treatment group(N =25) and control group (N = 26). The treatment group was treated with oral use of Yangyin Shugan Capsules (mainly composed of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi). The control group was given placebo capsules orally. After treatment for 8 weeks , the overall efficiency and therapeutic effect on menstruation of the two groups were evaluated according the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptom scores. Results(1) The total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.0％, and that of the control group was 15.4％, the difference being significant between the two groups (P < 0.01). (2) The effective rate on the menstrual volume and menstrual color and texture of the treatment group was 64.0％, 68.0％, and that of the control group was 7.7％, 15.4％ respectively, the difference being significant(P < 0.01). However, the difference of effect on improving menstrual period was insignificant between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Therapy of nourishing kidney and liver is effective for the treatment of hypomenorrhea with the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver stagnation, and has obvious effect on improving menstrual volume and TCM symptoms.

Objective To align the mapping points from the locations of catheter electrodes with CT/MR image three-dimension data of the cardiac chamber. Methods Most of existing algorithms assumed that two spaces spanned respectively by mapping points and by CT/MR data were orthogonal, and thus modulated only 9 free-degrees of three-dimension translations, rotations and scaling for registration. However, our research showed that the above two spaces might be not always orthogonal. So we introduced affine transformation model based on 12 free-degrees and the corresponding iterative closest point algorithm to realize the registration and further incorporate the registration algorithm with the clinical operations. Combining with OpenGL, we realized the proposed algorithm via Visual C]+]+ 6.0 software. Results Simulation results showed that the residual registration errors on average were decreased from 40 pixels before registration to 1.5 pixels after registration. This algorithm was further validated in animal experiments. Conclusion This proposed three-dimension mapping registration algorithm well realizes the registration in three-dimension cardiac mapping and has practical application values.

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cytochrome c (CytC) expression and neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rots.Methods A total of 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups:sham operation group,saline control group,and atorvastatin group (n =36 each group).All the groups were redivided into 6 h,12 h,day 1,3,5 and 7 time points (n =6 at each time point).An intracerebral hemorrhage model was induced by using a modified two-step injection method.After modeling,atorvastatin was used for gavages (20 rng/kg,once a day) in the atorvastatin group.The saline control group was given the same volume of saline.Behavior evaluation was used for neurological score.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis in perihematoma tissue.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the CytC expression in perihematoma tissue.Results Behavior evaluation showed that the neurological scores decreased gradually with the passage of time in the atorvastatin group and the saline control group.There were no significant differences at 6 h,12 h,day 1 and day 3,but the neurological scores in the atorvastatin group were significantly lower than those in thc saline control group at day 5 (0.50 ± 0.55 vs.1.50 ± 0.55; t =3.162,P =0.010) and day 7 (1.00 ±0.63; t =2.712,P =0.022).TUNEL staining showed that the numbers of apoptotic cells increased first and then decreased in the saline control group and the atorvastatin group.They reached the peak at 1 hour after modeling.There were significant differences in the number of apoptotic cells in each group in perihematoma tissue at the same time point (all P =0.000),and the significance in the saline control group was more than that in the sham operation group and the atorvastatin group (all P ＜0.05),but at day 7,there was no significant difference in the number of apoptotic cells between the atorvastatin group and the sham operation group (12.69 ± 3.35 vs.9.33 ± 2.07; P =0.148).Immunohistochemical method showed that the numbers of CytC positive cells increased first and then decreased in the saline control group and the atorvastatin group,reached the peak at 12 h after modeling in te saline control group (68.19 ± 11.93) and at 1 d in the atorvastatin group (35.64 ± 9.12).There were significant differences in the numbers of CytC positive cells in perihematoma tissue at the same time point in each group (P =0.000).The numbers of CytC positive cells in the saline control group was significantly more than that in the sham operation group and the atorvastatin group (all P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the numbers of CytC positive cells between the atorvastatin statin group and the sham group at day 7 (16.08 ± 3.80 vs.13.67 ± 2.94; P =0.349).Conelusions Atorvastatin may inhibit the release of CytC of nerve cells in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage,and thus reduce CytC-mediated apoptosis and neurological deficit after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To examine the effects of exercise intensity and duration on the structure,function and fibrosis of the left and right ventricular,and to discuss the potential mechanism in these processes.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sedentary(Sed)group,a moderate exercise(ME)group and an intensive exercise(IE) group,each of 16.Rats in Sed group were not given any training,while those in ME group and IE group run on treadmill at the speed of 15.2 m/min with the slope gradient of 5° and 28 m/min with the slope gradient of 10 degree 1 hour per day,5 days per week.Eight and 16 weeks after the training,we recorded the body weight and measure end-diastolic diameter,end-diastolic wall thickness,and ejection fraction of both ventriculars using the ultrasonic testing.All rats were then sacrificed after blood sampling.Elisa was used to measure serum cTnI concentration,and sirius red staining was applied to evaluate collagen volume fraction of both ventriculars.Results Eight or sixteen weeks after the training,the average bi-ventricular end-diastolic diameter of ME and IE rats was bigger than Sed group.There were no differences in end-diastolic diameter of both ventricular between ME group and IE group after sixteen-week training,but the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of IE group was greater than ME group.As exercise intensive increased and time accumulated,the end-diastolic wall thickness of both ventriculars increased but without statistical significance.At sixteen-week intervention,the bi-ventricular ejection fraction of IE rats was significantly lower than Sed and ME groups,while there was a decreasing trend eight weeks earlier without significant differences.After 8 or 16 weeks of training,the serum cTnI was significantly higher in IE rats than Sed group or ME group,but there was no significant differences between ME group and Sed group.After 16 weeks' exercises,the average bi-ventricular collagen volume fraction of ME or IE group was greater than that after 8 weeks' exercises.The average collagen volume fraction of the right ventricular was greater than Sed group at the same time points,and after sixteenweek training the right ventricular collagen volume fraction in IE group was significantly greater than ME group.However,there were no significant differences in the measurement of the left side among different groups.The serum cTnI was negatively correlated with the left and right ventricular systolic function(r=-0.327,P=0.029 and r=-0.582,P=0.000).Moreover,it was positively correlated with the right ventricular collagen volume fraction moderately,but had no correlation with the left ventricular collagen volume fraction.Conclusion(1)Sixteen-week moderate and intensive exercise result in left ventricular dilation,and the dilation increases with the increase of the exercise intensity.Only 8 weeks' exercise at the same intensity can lead to right ventricular dilation,but exercise intensity has little influence on the right ventricular dilation.(2)Long-term moderate or intensive endurance exercises may cause bi-ventricular hypertrophy potentially.The left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation may not be synchronous with hypertrophy followed by dilation,while the right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation is synchronous.(3)The temporary decrease in bi-ventricular systolic function after intensive endurance exercise may be caused by ventricular injury,with more serious injury in the right ventricular than in the left.Moderate exercises don't cause ventricular injury,thus there is little or no influence on ejection fraction.(4) Long-term (8 or 16 weeks)moderate or intensive endurance exercises can increase the right ventricular collagen volume fraction,which may indicate cardiac fibrosis following right ventricular injury but not in the left ventricular.The bi-ventricular collagen volume fraction at sixteenth week in ME and IE rats are greater than corresponding rats at eighth week.It may result from the hypertrophy of bi-ventricular cardiomyocyte after 8-week training,followed by increase in the extracellular matrix but not cardiac fibrosis.

Objective To compare efficacy of indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and real‐time fluorescent polymerase chain re‐action(PCR) in detection of mycoplasma pneumonia in children .Methods A total of 137 children clinically diagnosed as Mycoplas‐ma pneumoniae(MP) infection were selected and divided into groups by age ,including <1 years old group(35 cases) ,1- <5 years old group(69 cases) and 5-15 years old group(33 cases) .Blood specimen and throat swabs were collected and detected by using IFA and real‐time fluorescent PCR .At the same time ,all of the selected children were treated with conventional therapy ,according to total effective rate ,positive coincidence rates of the two methods were statistically analysed by age .Results The positive coinci‐dence rates in children with MP infection <1 years old and 1- <5 years old detected by using real‐time fluorescent PCR were high‐er than that detected by using IFA ,while among children 5-15 years old ,the positive coincidence rate was higher detected by using IFA compared with that detected by using real‐time fluorescent PCR ,all had statistically significant differences (P<0 .05) .The o‐verall positive coincidence rates of the two methods were not significantly different(P>0 .05) .Conclusion IFA and real‐time fluo‐rescent PCR both could be used as effective methods for detecting MP ,but there are some differences of detective efficacy between the two methods in each age group .Therefore ,it is suggested that for children under 5 years old real‐time fluorescent PCR might be selected ,for children aged 5 years old and over IFA might be selected ,in order to improve the detection accuracy and provide better guidance to clinical medication .

Objective To explore the expression level of miR-21 in exercise-induced right ventricular (RV) fibrosis,and to analyze the role of miR-21 in exercise-induced right ventricular fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sedentary (Sed) group,a moderate exercise (ME) group and an intensive exercise (IE) group,each of 24.Rats in the Sed group were free of exercises,while those in ME and IE groups ran an hour on treadmill at 5°and 10° slopes at the speed of 15.2 m/min and 28 m/min respectively for 8 weeks,12 weeks or 16 weeks every day,5days per week.Twenty-four hours after the last training,all rats were sacrificed after blood sampling.The right ventricles were removed,and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was tested using Sirius red staining,Collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) content was quantified using Immunofluorescence.The expression level of miR-21 was measured using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Af ter 12 weeks (P＜0.05,P＜0.05) and 16 weeks (P＜0.01,P＜0.01) of intensive exercises,the average CVF in the right ventricular was significantly higher than that of Sed and ME rats.Compared to Sed and ME groups,12 weeks (P＜0.01,P＜0.01) and 16 weeks (P＜0.01,P＜0.01) of intensive exercises significantly increased RV collagen Ⅰ content.Compared to the Sed group,the expression of miR-21 in RV increased significantly in the IE group (P＜0.01,P＜0.05 and P＜0.05).After 16-week intensive exercises,the miR 21 expression was positively correlated with the RV Col Ⅰ content.Conclusion The right ventricular fibrosis induced by long-term intensive exercises is associated with increased miR-21 expression level.Therefore,miR-21 is a potent therapeutic target and novel biomarker of the exercise-induced right ventricular fibrosis.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles secreted by a variety of cell types such as cardiomyocyte, hepatocytes, and stem cells. They carry specific sets of mRNA, microRNA, and proteins, which play a role in intercellular communication in almost each physiological and pathological process. Exosomes, which are released after tissue cell injury, can initiate repair/regeneration responses by triggering inflammation and active fibroblast, and finally lead to tissue fibrosis. However, exosomes released by stem cells can retard tissue fibrosis by enhancing cell survival and reducing apoptosis. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress in the relationship between exosomes and tissue fibrosis.