Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a high risk precancerous condition predominantly occurs in Indians and other population of the Indian subcontinent with certain oral habits. Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a popular oral habit with potential links to the occurrence of oral cancer. In patients with submucous fibrosis, the oral epithelium becomes atrophic and thereby becomes more vulnerable to carcinogens. Since the ingredients of BQ, tobacco are crucial for tumour initiation, promotion and progression, exposure to these toxicants simultaneously has been shown to markedly potentiate the oral cancer incidence in OSF patients. The rate of malignant transformation of OSF has been estimated to be 4.5%. Most cases with malignant transformation in OSF had occurred gradually over a long period of time.

Actinic lichen planus is a rare variant of lichen planus seen commonly in tropical and subtropical countries in the dark complexioned individuals. It manifests in the sun exposed areas of the face, neck and limbs. Though many cases have been reported in the skin, few lesions associated with the lip have been reported. The Lip is highly susceptible to actinic changes increasing the chances of malignancies. This is an unusual case report of 32 year old female patient where the lip lesion was seen mimicking discoid lupus erythematoses.

Healing of the injured site is a complex biological process of carefully orchestrated cellular events. Presence of any foreign body at the site of injury delays the healing along with inducing biological response such as inflammation, infections, allergic reactions, toxic events and tissue alterations. Such body reactions against an exogenous materials depends upon the mode of entry, chemical composition of material, quantity of material its physical form and also depends upon the body site. A careful history, clinical examination and imaging techniques should be considered for patients with any suspected penetrating injuries.

Odontomas are benign hamartomas which are often detected on routine radiographic examinations for other dental complaints. They are usually surgically removed but are rarely examined histopathologically. We report two cases with identical radiological features but different histopathological outcome, thus stressing the importance of histopathological examination of odontoma.

Gingival cyst of infant is an odontogenic cyst. It is developmental in nature. It arises from the epithelial remnant of dental lamina called cell rests of Serres. The Gingival cyst may appear within three months of age. Clinically it appears on the maxillary and mandibular ridges, and appears creamish white in color. The cyst usually does not need treatment because it tends to undergo involution and disappears. We present a case report of a solitary gingival cyst observed in a baby age four months.

The oral mucosa may present clinical features of a certain conditions similar to those observed in lichen planus called lichenoid reaction. The pathological feature resembles that of lichen planus. The pathologist requires the indication of a cause – effect relationship by the clinician in order to provide a diagnosis of lichenoid reaction. This condition is treated by removal of the causal factor. Here we report a case of lichenoid reaction due to tobacco chewing habit in an 30 year old male patient. This case was reported from Yenepoya dental college, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder in which auto-cytotoxic T lymphocytes trigger apoptosis of epithelial cells leading to chronic inflammation. Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a disease which has a slight malignant potency. The diagnosis of OLP can be made from the clinical features if they are sufficiently characterized, but biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and to exclude dysplasia and malignancy. This is a case report of erosive lichen planus in a female patient, aged 45 years.

Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic multisystem vasculitis characterized by mucocutaneous, articular, neurological, gastrointestinal and ophthalmological lesions. Behcet’s syndrome is a disease of uncertain etiology. It may be due to immune dysregulation including circulating immune complex, autoimmune cytokines and heat shock proteins are major factor in the pathogenesis of Behcet’s syndrome. Patient’s positive pathergy test suggests a diagnosis of Behcet’s disease. Corticosteroids and immunosupressive drugs are the first line of treatment. This is a case report of juvenile Behcet’s syndrome in a thirteen year old girl associated with arthritis.

Epulis fissuratum is a benign tumor like inflammatory hyperplastic growth which occurs on the mucosa along the borders of an ill fitting full or partial removable denture. If ulcerated, it can mimic oral squamous cell carcinoma. The treatment includes surgical removal of excess fibrous tissue and remodelling or reconstructing the denture suitably, ensuring better adaptability to the ridges. This case report describes a 55 year old male patient with characteristic clinical features of denture induced inflammatory hyperplasia.

Fibromas are the benign tumours that are most commonly encountered among the oral soft tissue lesions. They are mostly seen as a protective mechanism of the mucosa towards chronic irritation. They present clinically as a round or ovoid, soft to firm in consistency, exophytic growth, mostly pale pink in colour with smooth surface. These lesions are asymptomatic and do not require any treatment until bothersome to the patient. The clinical features, histopathological features and treatment of an irritational fibroma occurring on the hard palate of a 32 year old female are presented.